Paranaguá (''Great Round Sea'', in
Tupi) is a city in the state of
Paraná in
Brazil. Founded in 1648, it is Paraná's oldest city. It is known for the
Port of Paranaguá
The Port of Paranaguá is one of the main ports of Brazil and Latin America. It's located in the city of Paranaguá, in the Brazilian state of Paraná. It's the second largest port of Brazil in tonnage and the third in container shipping. It's a ...
, which serves as both the sea link for
Curitiba
Curitiba () is the capital and largest city in the state of Paraná in Brazil. The city's population was 1,948,626 , making it the eighth most populous city in Brazil and the largest in Brazil's South Region. The Curitiba Metropolitan area ...
, to the west and the capital of Paraná, and as one of the largest ports of Brazil.
As of 2020, the city has an estimated
population of 156,174 and a
population density of 169.92 persons per km², making it the tenth most populated city in the state of Paraná. The total area of the city is .
Conservation
The municipality contains 4% of the
Guaratuba Environmental Protection Area, created in 1992.
It holds 17% of the
Bom Jesus Biological Reserve, a strictly protected conservation unit established in 2012.
The municipality contains the
Ilha do Mel State Park
The Ilha do Mel State Park ( pt, Parque Estadual da Ilha do Mel) is a state park in the state of Paraná, Brazil, located in the municipality of Paranaguá.
It is a very small island, with a lot of fauna and flora, due to its small index of urbani ...
and the
Ilha do Mel Ecological Station on the Ilha do Mel (Honey Island) at the mouth of Paranaguá Bay.
History
Early settlement
Paranaguá was home to a ''sambaqui'', or
midden culture, for several millennia prior to the arrival of the Portuguese. Little is known of the population, which existed along the coast of Paraná. The area was later home to the Carijó people, an extinct subgroup of the
Guaraní people. Portuguese explorers captured the Carijó for slave labor. Over time, the remaining Carijó intermarried with whites and African residents and formed the
Caiçaras
Caiçaras () are the traditional inhabitants of the coastal regions of the southeastern and southern Brazil. They form a distinct group of people, descended from Africans, indigenous people, and Europeans.
Their traditional way of life based on ...
subgroup.
European settlement
The Paraná coastline was already known and inhabited by the Europeans as early as 1549. Settlements in the area were first noted by the German
Hans Staden
Hans Staden (c. 1525 – c. 1576) was a German soldier and explorer who voyaged to South America in the middle of the sixteenth century, where he was captured by the Tupinambá people of Brazil. He managed to survive and return safe to Europe. ...
(c. 1525 – c. 1579), who was shipwrecked in the area of 1578. Staden described the existence of a small chapel dedicated to Nossa Senhora do Rosário (Our Lady of the Rosary). Diogo Unhate, notary (''tabelião'') of
Captaincy of São Vicente
The Captaincy of São Vicente (1534–1709) was a land grant and colonial administration in the far southern part of the colonial Portuguese Empire in Colonial Brazil.
History
In 1534 King John III of Portugal granted the Captaincy to Martim ...
, obtained the first land grant in Paraná in 1614. Unhate was granted the lands between the
Ararapira River and
Superagui rivers.
Gabriel de Lara
In Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam), Gabriel (); Greek: grc, Γαβριήλ, translit=Gabriḗl, label=none; Latin: ''Gabriel''; Coptic: cop, Ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓⲏⲗ, translit=Gabriêl, label=none; Amharic: am, ገብር� ...
, who has passed into history as the "captain settler" arrived in Paranaguá in 1640. He erected the first
pillory in the area on January 6, 1646, the ultimate symbol of justice and power of the Portuguese. Lara announced the discovery of gold in Paranaguá in the same year. The Portuguese established the municipality of Paranugua by Royal Charter on July 29, 1648, and the city has the distinction of being the first settlement formally founded in the state of Paraná.
Port of Paranaguá
The economy of the city is driven by the deepwater
Port of Paranaguá
The Port of Paranaguá is one of the main ports of Brazil and Latin America. It's located in the city of Paranaguá, in the Brazilian state of Paraná. It's the second largest port of Brazil in tonnage and the third in container shipping. It's a ...
, which dates to the 16th century. The port was a point of entry for the settlement of the south of Brazil beginning early in the colonial period. It exports the largest volume of agricultural products of any of the ports of Brazil, notably of grain grown in the southern regions of the country. The port is also a major trade center of automobiles, fertilizer, lumber, paper, petroleum products, salt, soy beans, and sugar. It is administered by the Port Administration of Paranaguá and Antonina (''Administração dos Portos de Paranaguá e Antonina''), which was created by the state of Paraná in 1947.
]In 2014, Paranaguá was the 7th largest exporting city, by value, in Brazil. The total value of exported goods that year were $4.3B (USD). The top three products exported by the municipality were
soybeans (41% of total exports),
poultry meat (22%), and
soybean meal
Soybean meal is used in food and animal feeds, principally as a protein supplement, but also as a source of metabolizable energy. Typically 1 bushel (i.e. 60 lbs. or 27.2 kg) of soybeans yields 48 lbs. (21.8 kg) of soybean meal. Som ...
(14%).
Climate
Paranaguá experiences a
humid subtropical climate (
Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bernd Köppen (born 1951), German pianist and composer
* Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan
* Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author and ...
: ''Cfa''), next to northern limit of the category in the
southern hemisphere (border of the coast of
São Paulo/
Paraná). The coastal location and the
Brazil current
The Brazil Current is a warm water current that flows south along the Brazilian south coast to the mouth of the Río de la Plata.
Description
This current is caused by diversion of a portion of the Atlantic South Equatorial Current from wher ...
molds a climate different from the usual one of the interior of the
Paraná. The summers can be hot, mainly in the low altitudes and a little more interior. In warmer months, seemly the temperature is equal to or above 30 °C. The winter is very mild, in general it is as if it had only 3 seasons, when compared comparing with cities as
Curitiba
Curitiba () is the capital and largest city in the state of Paraná in Brazil. The city's population was 1,948,626 , making it the eighth most populous city in Brazil and the largest in Brazil's South Region. The Curitiba Metropolitan area ...
or
Ponta Grossa with record temperatures of 5 °C lower. The central months of the year have temperatures averaging over 10 °C.
Frost
Frost is a thin layer of ice on a solid surface, which forms from water vapor in an above- freezing atmosphere coming in contact with a solid surface whose temperature is below freezing, and resulting in a phase change from water vapor (a ga ...
is not unknown, but is not expected in a normal winter. The updated normals give a value of precipitation above 2200 mm, which shows the rainy character of the city, although rain days are close to some drier climates. January to March are the wettest months with the advance of Atlantic tropical masses, and the months from June to August are the driest, due to the influence of the polar mass, but with relatively high precipitation.
Sunshine hours
Sunshine duration or sunshine hours is a climatological indicator, measuring duration of sunshine in given period (usually, a day or a year) for a given location on Earth, typically expressed as an averaged value over several years. It is a gener ...
are a bit low for the subtropics, being part of the effect of the large amount of water vapor on the airand the consequent cloudiness present.
Collaborating with the high humidity, the prevailing winds come from the east, especially in the ENE. Winds over 19 km/h are rare and more favorable in September. The months with clear skies are more common from June to August and the more cloudy months from January to February, especially with the advancement of
air mass
In meteorology, an air mass is a volume of air defined by its temperature and humidity. Air masses cover many hundreds or thousands of square miles, and adapt to the characteristics of the surface below them. They are classified according to la ...
es.
Panorama
Sports
Rio Branco Sport Club
Rio Branco Sport Club, more commonly referred to as Rio Branco do Paraná or simply Rio Branco, is a Brazilian professional association football club in Paranaguá, Paraná which currently plays in Campeonato Paranaense, the top division of the P ...
is the city
football club. In 2006, the club disputed the
Campeonato Brasileiro Série C
The Campeonato Brasileiro Série C is the third tier of the Brazilian football league system.
Unlike the first and second divisions, the Série C is not played in a double round robin system, arguably because many participating teams lack the ...
.
Estádio da Estradinha is the city stadium.
Transportation
Air
Paranaguá is served by
Paranaguá Airport, a small general aviation airport. The closest international airport to the city is
Afonso Pena International Airport
Afonso Pena International Airport is the main airport serving Curitiba, Brazil, located in the adjoining municipality of São José dos Pinhais. It is named after Afonso Pena (1847–1909), the 6th President of Brazil.
It is operated by CCR. ...
in
São José dos Pinhais
São José dos Pinhais () is a municipality in the state of Paraná in Brazil. It is a part of the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba.
Etymology
With geographical and religious origins the city's name is a homage to São José (Saint Joseph) and ...
, which is directly adjacent to Curitiba.
Sister Cities
Paranaguá is sister cities with:
References
Sources
*
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Paranagua
1648 establishments in the Portuguese Empire