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Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 29 (P. Oxy. 29) is a fragment of the second book of the '' Elements'' of
One of the oldest extant diagrams from Euclid
/ref> It is housed in the library of the
at the Oxyrhynchus Online
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 29 (P. Oxy. 29) is a fragment of the second book of the '' Elements'' of Euclid
Euclid (; grc-gre, Εὐκλείδης; BC) was an ancient Greek mathematician active as a geometer and logician. Considered the "father of geometry", he is chiefly known for the '' Elements'' treatise, which established the foundations of ...
in Greek
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Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group.
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt
Hunting is the human practice of seeking, pursuing, capturing, or killing wildlife or feral animals. The most common reasons for humans to hunt are to harvest food (i.e. meat) and useful animal products (fur/ hide, bone/tusks, horn/antler, e ...
in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The fragment was originally dated to the end of the third century or the beginning of the fourth century, although more recent scholarship suggests a date of 75–125 CE.Bill Casselman
William Allen Casselman (born November 27, 1941) is an American Canadian mathematician who works in representation theory and automorphic forms. He is a Professor Emeritus at the University of British Columbia. He is closely connected to the La ...
One of the oldest extant diagrams from Euclid
/ref> It is housed in the library of the
University of Pennsylvania
The University of Pennsylvania (also known as Penn or UPenn) is a private research university in Philadelphia. It is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and is ranked among the highest-regarded universitie ...
(in a ''University Museum'', E 2748). The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.P. Oxy. 29at the Oxyrhynchus Online
Description
The manuscript was written onpapyrus
Papyrus ( ) is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing surface. It was made from the pith of the papyrus plant, '' Cyperus papyrus'', a wetland sedge. ''Papyrus'' (plural: ''papyri'') can also refer to a ...
in sloping irregular uncial
Uncial is a majuscule Glaister, Geoffrey Ashall. (1996) ''Encyclopedia of the Book''. 2nd edn. New Castle, DE, and London: Oak Knoll Press & The British Library, p. 494. script (written entirely in capital letters) commonly used from the 4th to ...
letters, with no iota adscript, and with slight spelling errors. The fragment measures 85 by 152 mm.
The fragment provides a statement of the 5th proposition of Book 2 of the ''Elements'', together with an unlabelled diagram, and a tiny part of the preceding proposition. No part of the proof is provided. In translation, the statement is "If a straight line be cut into equal and unequal segments, the rectangle contained by the unequal segments of the whole together with the square on the straight line between the points of section is equal to the square on the half."
See also
*Oxyrhynchus Papyri
The Oxyrhynchus Papyri are a group of manuscripts discovered during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by papyrologists Bernard Pyne Grenfell and Arthur Surridge Hunt at an ancient rubbish dump near Oxyrhynchus in Egypt (, mo ...
* Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 28
* Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 30 Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 30 (P. Oxy. 30) is a historical fragment in Latin. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The fragment is dated to the third century. It is housed in the Department of Manuscripts of the British Library. ...
References
029 1st-century manuscripts 2nd-century manuscripts 3rd-century manuscripts 4th-century manuscripts Euclid {{OxyrhynchusGR-stub