PB-22 (QUPIC, SGT-21 or 1-pentyl-1''H''-indole-3-carboxylic acid 8-quinolinyl ester) is a

designer drug A designer drug is a structural or functional analog of a controlled substance that has been designed to mimic the pharmacological effects of the original drug, while avoiding classification as illegal and/or detection in standard drug tests. D ...

offered by online vendors as a cannabimimetic agent, and detected being sold in synthetic cannabis products in Japan in 2013. PB-22 represents a structurally unique synthetic cannabinoid chemotype, since it contains an ester linker at the indole 3-position, rather than the precedented ketone of

JWH-018 JWH-018 (1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole, NA-PIMO or AM-678) is an analgesic chemical from the naphthoylindole family that acts as a full agonist at both the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors, with some selectivity for CB2. It produces effects in ...

and its analogs, or the amide of

APICA APICA or Apica may refer to: Toponyms * Apica River, stream in Charlevoix Regional County Municipality, Capitale-Nationale, Quebec, Canada * Mont-Apica, Quebec, unorganized territory in Lac-Saint-Jean-Est Regional County Municipality, Saguenay� ...

and its analogs. PB-22 has an EC₅₀ of 5.1 nM for human CB₁ receptors, and 37 nM for human CB₂ receptors. PB-22 produces bradycardia and hypothermia in rats at doses of 0.3–3 mg/kg, suggesting potent cannabinoid-like activity. The magnitude and duration of hypothermia induced in rats by PB-22 was notably greater than

AM-2201 AM-2201 (1-(5-fluoropentyl)-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole) is a recreational designer drug that acts as a potent but nonselective full agonist for the cannabinoid receptor. It is part of the AM series of cannabinoids discovered by Alexandros Makriyanni ...

UR-144 UR-144 (TMCP-018, KM-X1, MN-001, YX-17) is a drug invented by Abbott Laboratories, that acts as a selective full agonist of the peripheral cannabinoid receptor CB2, but with much lower affinity for the psychoactive CB1 receptor. Pharmacology ...

XLR-11 XLR-11 (5"-fluoro-UR-144 or 5F-UR-144) is a drug that acts as a potent agonist for the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 with EC50 values of 98 nM and 83 nM, respectively. It is a 3-(tetramethylcyclopropylmethanoyl)indole derivative related t ...

, or

STS-135 STS-135 ( ISS assembly flight ULF7) was the 135th and final mission of the American Space Shuttle program. It used the orbiter ''Atlantis'' and hardware originally processed for the STS-335 contingency mission, which was not flown. STS-135 la ...

, with a reduction of body temperature still observable six hours after dosing. One clinical toxicology study found PB-22 to be the cause of seizures in a human and his dog.

History

PB-22 was originally developed by New Zealand legal highs company Stargate International in 2012 as SGT-21, intended to be a structural hybrid of

QMPSB QMPSB is an arylsulfonamide-based synthetic cannabinoid that has been sold as a designer drug. QMPSB was first discovered by Nathalie Lambeng and colleagues in 2007. It acts as a full agonist of the CB1 receptor and CB2 receptor with Ki values ...

and

. However, no intellectual property protection was applied for and the compound quickly became subject to widespread grey-market sales outside the control of the inventors.

Detection

A forensic standard of PB-22 is available, and the compound has been posted on the Forendex website of potential drugs of abuse.

Legal status

As of 9 May 2014, PB-22 is no longer legal in New Zealand. In January 2014, PB-22 was designated as a

Schedule I controlled substance This is the list of Schedule I drugs as defined by the United States Controlled Substances Act. 21 CFRbr>1308.11(CSA Sched I) with changes through (Oct 18, 2012). Retrieved September 6, 2013. The following findings are required for drugs to be pla ...

in the United States. In

Ohio Ohio () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. Of the fifty U.S. states, it is the 34th-largest by area, and with a population of nearly 11.8 million, is the seventh-most populous and tenth-most densely populated. The sta ...

, PB-22 is illegal. Florida also has banned PB-22. Since 13 December 2014 it is also illegal in Germany because of adding the substance to the BtMG

Anlage II Anlage may refer to: * Allele, a specific version of a gene, as used by Gregor Mendel * Anlage Süd ''Anlage Süd'' (English: ''Installation South'') was a pair of railway headquarters built for Adolf Hitler in the Nazi-occupied part of southe ...

. As of October 2015 PB-22 is a controlled substance in China.

References

{{Cannabinoids Cannabinoids Designer drugs Indoles

History

Detection

Legal status

See also

References