Płonna ( uk, Полонна, ''Polonna''), in Plone 1433, ''de Plona'' 1437, ''villa Plona'' 1451, ''Plonna'' 1508, ''Płonna'' 1699, village in eastern

Lesser Poland Lesser Poland, often known by its Polish name Małopolska ( la, Polonia Minor), is a historical region situated in southern and south-eastern Poland. Its capital and largest city is Kraków. Throughout centuries, Lesser Poland developed a ...

in the Lesser Beskid mountains,

Bukowsko Bukowsko (; yi, בוקאווסק, Bikofsk; uk, Буківсько, Bukivsʹko) is a village in Sanok County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland. It's in the Bukowsko Upland mountains, parish ''in loco'', located near the towns of Medzilaborce ...

rural commune, located near the towns of Medzilaborce and Palota (in northeastern

Slovakia Slovakia (; sk, Slovensko ), officially the Slovak Republic ( sk, Slovenská republika, links=no ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the s ...

). Płonna is about from

Sanok Sanok (in full the Royal Free City of Sanok — pl, Królewskie Wolne Miasto Sanok, rue, Санок, ''Sanok'', ua, Cянік, ''Sianik'', la, Sanocum, yi, סאניק, ''Sonik'') is a town in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship of south-eastern ...

in south-eastern

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...

. It is situated below the main watershed at the foot of the Słonne Mountain, and has an elevation of . Since 1999 it is situated in the Subcarpathian Voivodship (

province A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman '' provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions ou ...

); previously in Krosno Voivodship (1975–1998) and

district, ( east of Sanok),

parish A parish is a territorial entity in many Christian denominations, constituting a division within a diocese. A parish is under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of a priest, often termed a parish priest, who might be assisted by one o ...

History

Płonna was founded in 1433 by Bal. During 966–1018, 1340–1772 ( Ruthenian Voivodeship) and during 1918–1939 Płonna was part of Poland. During 1772–1918 it belonged to the Austrian empire, and later the Austrian-Hungarian empire when double monarchy was introduced in Austria. In 1785 the village lands comprised . Prior to the Second World War, the village was populated by a majority of Lemko Greek Catholics, and some Jewish families. In Spring, 1946, the village was burned by the Polish Communist Army for the Polish government (PKWN), and all villagers that the Polish Army could locate were forcibly deported. In 1947, during Akcja Wisla (Operation Vistula), the remainder of Lemkos who were not previously sent to Soviet Ukraine were finally captured and deported to former German territories that Poland had acquired as a provision of the Yalta Conference. Their land plots were joined to form a collective farm, the remains of which still remain in the village, and the church was turned into a barn. The church at Płonna is on the main road and easily accessible. Filial churches were located in Wysoczany ( away) and Kożuszne (). The cemetery contains only a few headstones.

Holocaust History

Płonna was the site of a "special camp" in 1942. The camp was used to hold Jews from the

, Lesko and Dobromil

powiat A ''powiat'' (pronounced ; Polish plural: ''powiaty'') is the second-level unit of local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a county, district or prefecture ( LAU-1, formerly NUTS-4) in other countries. The term "''powiat ...

s, that is if they weren't shot in their village or taken to the work camp in Zwangsarbeitslager Zaslaw, east of

. Apparently at least 13,000 people were held at Zaslaw and then transported to

Belzec extermination camp Belzec (English: or , Polish: ) was a Nazi German extermination camp built by the SS for the purpose of implementing the secretive Operation Reinhard, the plan to murder all Polish Jews, a major part of the "Final Solution" which in total ...

. Elderly Jews were shot in the woods near Zaslaw, according to "The Holocaust: The Jews in the County of Cracau". Płonna cemetery

Population

References

Literature

Adam Fastnacht Adam Fastnacht (27 July 1913, in Sanok – 16 February 1987, in Wrocław) doctor hab., historian, editor.Anna Fastnacht-Stupnicka. Obecność przeszłości (''O Adamie Fastnachcie''). Rocznik Sanocki, Sanok, 2006 He was a Polish historian, resear ...

, Nagórzany n:Slownik Historyczno-Geograficzny Ziemi Sanockiej w Średniowieczu (Historic-Geographic Dictionary of the Sanok District in the Middle Ages), Kraków, (II edition 2002), . *

Jerzy Zuba Jerzy is the Polish version of the masculine given name George. The most common nickname for Jerzy is Jurek (), which may also be used as an official first name. Occasionally the nickname Jerzyk may be used, which means "swift" in Polish. People ...

"W Gminie Bukowsko". Roksana, 2004, . Translated by

Deborah Greenlee According to the Book of Judges, Deborah ( he, דְּבוֹרָה, ''Dəḇōrā'', "bee") was a prophetess of the God of the Israelites, the fourth Judge of pre-monarchic Israel and the only female judge mentioned in the Bible. Many scholars ...

. Arlington, TX 76016.

External links