The Panthoibi Khonggul ( Ancient Meitei: , romanized: /pān-thoi-pī khōng-kūl/ ; ), often misspelled as Panthoibi Khongul, is an

ancient Meitei language Meitei (), also known as Manipuri (, ), is a Tibeto-Burman language of north-eastern India. It is spoken by around 1.8 million people, predominantly in the state of Manipur, but also by smaller communities in the rest of the country and in pa ...

text, narrating about the

quest A quest is a journey toward a specific mission or a goal. The word serves as a plot device in mythology and fiction: a difficult journey towards a goal, often symbolic or allegorical. Tales of quests figure prominently in the folklore of ever ...

of deified Meitei princess Panthoibi. The text highlights the love story of Panthoibi and her ultimate lover Nongpok Ningthou, after leaving her former husband's house. It is traditionally attributed to be written by ''Akoijam Tombi'' (also called ''Akoijam Tomboy''), during the reign of Meitei King Khongtekcha Yoiremba in c. 763 AD. The text also talks about how the festival Lai Haraoba was begun after the union of the two lovers.

Introduction

The author of the text first introduces

Panthoipi ) , deity_of = Goddess of civilization, courage, fertility, handicraft, love, victory, warfare and wisdom , member_of = Lairembis and Umang Lais , image = PANTHOIPI.jpg , alt = , caption = Goddess Panthoipi char ...

as a noble lady of surpassing beauty, a princess born to a Meitei king. In the beginning, she was spending her lonely days in the . Many suitors sought her hand in marriage. King Sapaiba was the first suitor of Panthoibi. He had many great promises of making outstanding roadways, beautiful bridges, a grand palace, a big fish pond, everything just for the sake of her. However, princess Panthoibi rejected his offer claiming that all his preparations were not worthy enough to her level.

Accounts for the first marriage

Meitei princess Panthoibi was married to crown prince Taram Khoinucha, son of King Khābā Sokchrongbā and Queen Manu Teknga of the Khaba dynasty. At this grand marriage ceremony, outstandingly elaborate arrangements were made to receive the Meitei princess. The bridge was constructed with iron poles as its supports, silver plates were used as the planks and gold rods were used as the side rails. Despite the marriage was a grandeur, Panthoipi turned out to be contrasting. She didn't want to live in the way of life of a normal married women. Instead of it, she would always stay outdoors. She kept herself busy in wandering around the open meadows and bathing and sporting in the cool waters of the running river.

Accounts for the extramarital affairs

During one of Panthoibi's escapades, she met Angoupa Kainou Chingsompa ( Nongpok Ningthou), the ruler of the Langmai Hills ( Nongmaiching Ching). The two fell in love with each other at the first sight. Nongpok Ningthou's handsome look and towering personality were the reasons why Panthoibi was attracted to him. Panthoibi and her paramour had several occasions to meet with each other secretly. Her activities cause her in laws suspicious of her behaviour. Her in laws tried at their best level to make Panthoibi change her behaviour. However, Panthoibi didn't give up.

Accounts for the second marriage (elopement) and deification

Elopement

Panthoibi slipped out of her former husband's house (house of the Khaba dynasty) and eloped with the man after her own heart. Her in laws also didn't give up, like she didn't give up their persuasion to change her behaviour. The Khabas, under the leadership of her father in law, pursued her. The two met many difficulties in the way to escape from the Khabas. Finally, the two successfully managed to get the Khabas in vain.

Deification

The two lovers got united in the Nongmaiching Ching ( Selloi Langmai Ching), with a celebration that gave rise to the festival of Lai Haraoba. It is said that the celebration was attended by many

ancient Meitei gods and goddesses Sanamahism (Meitei religion) is a polytheistic religion with thousands of deities, gods and goddesses of varying power, quality, features, and character. The religion originated in the Kingdom of Manipur, and is still practiced in modern Mani ...

. Later on, Meitei princess Panthoibi and her new husband Nongpok Ningthou (ruler of Nongmaiching mountains) were deified by the Khabas. The Khabas started worshipping them by performing dance and music. It was said to be the seminal form of the Lai Haraoba performances.

Praises to Panthoibi

Different aspects of the personalities of Goddess Panthoibi are described in the text. The following is a few of them:

Editions

* In 1963, the scripture "Panthoibi Khongkul" was published by M. Chandra Singh. * In 1968, the scripture was again published by N. Ibobi Singh.

Bibliography

* Ariba Manipuri Sahityagee Saklon

References

8th-century literature 8th-century treaties 8th century in religion Deified women Engagement Extramarital relationships Meitei culture Meitei folklore Meitei literature Meitei mythology Polyandry Pages with unreviewed translations Puyas Sanamahism Temporary marriages {{Puyas