Pākehā Māori were early

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

settler A settler is a person who has human migration, migrated to an area and established a permanent residence there, often to colonize the area. A settler who migrates to an area previously uninhabited or sparsely inhabited may be described as a ...

s (known as

Pākehā Pākehā (or Pakeha; ; ) is a Māori term for New Zealanders primarily of European descent. Pākehā is not a legal concept and has no definition under New Zealand law. The term can apply to fair-skinned persons, or to any non-Māori New Ze ...

in the

Māori language Māori (), or ('the Māori language'), also known as ('the language'), is an Eastern Polynesian language spoken by the Māori people, the indigenous population of mainland New Zealand. Closely related to Cook Islands Māori, Tuamotuan, and ...

) who lived among the

Māori Māori or Maori can refer to: Relating to the Māori people * Māori people of New Zealand, or members of that group * Māori language, the language of the Māori people of New Zealand * Māori culture * Cook Islanders, the Māori people of the C ...

New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island count ...

History

Many Pākehā Māori were runaway seamen or escaped

Australian convicts Between 1788 and 1868, about 162,000 convicts were transported from Britain and Ireland to various penal colonies in Australia. The British Government began transporting convicts overseas to American colonies in the early 18th century. When ...

who settled in Māori communities by choice."Cultural go-betweens, Pākehā–Māori"
Te Ara They often found a welcome, took wives and were treated as Māori, particularly in the first two decades of the 19th century. The rarity of Europeans in New Zealand and the importance of trade in European goods (particularly muskets) made Pākehā Māori highly prized for their trading skills. Some achieved a degree of prestige among the Māori and fought in battle with their adopted ''

iwi Iwi () are the largest social units in New Zealand Māori society. In Māori roughly means "people" or "nation", and is often translated as "tribe", or "a confederation of tribes". The word is both singular and plural in the Māori language, an ...

'' (tribes) in the

New Zealand Wars The New Zealand Wars took place from 1845 to 1872 between the New Zealand colonial government and allied Māori on one side and Māori and Māori-allied settlers on the other. They were previously commonly referred to as the Land Wars or the ...

of 1843 to 1872, sometimes against European soldiers. While some lived the rest of their lives amongst Māori, others, such as the lapsed

missionary A missionary is a member of a Religious denomination, religious group which is sent into an area in order to promote its faith or provide services to people, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care, and economic development.Tho ...

Thomas Kendall Thomas Kendall (13 December 1778 – 6 August 1832) was a New Zealand missionary, recorder of the Māori language, schoolmaster, arms dealer, and Pākehā Māori. Early life: Lincolnshire and London, 1778–1813 A younger son of farmer Ed ...

, did so only briefly. A few Pākehā Māori such as

James Caddell James Caddell (c. 1794–c.1826) was a New Zealand Pākehā Māori, sealer and interpreter. In late 1810 Caddell was the only survivor from the sealer ''Sydney Cove'' boat crew which was captured by local Māori at the mouth of the Clutha River ...

, John Rutherford"John Rutherford — The “White New Zealander”"
A.J. Waldie and

Barnet Burns Barnet Burns (November 1805 – 26 December 1860) was an English sailor, Merchant, trader, and showman who became one of the first Europeans to live as a Pākehā Māori and to receive the Tā moko, full Māori facial tattoo. He travelled to Aust ...

even received ''moko'' (facial tattoos). As more Europeans arrived, the status of early Europeans among Māori fell, and some of the early Pākehā Māori reverted to a more European existence. In 1862 and 1863, the early settler

Frederick Edward Maning Frederick Edward Maning (5 July 1812 – 25 July 1883) was an early settler in New Zealand, a writer, and a judge of the Native Land Court. He published two books under the pseudonym of "a Pakeha Maori." Early life Maning was born in Johnvill ...

published two books under the pseudonym "A Pakeha Maori" in which he describes how they lived.

Notable Pākehā Māori

Kimball Bent Kimball Bent (24 August 1837 – 22 May 1916), also known as Kimble Bent, was a soldier and adventurer, who deserted from the British Army during the New Zealand Wars and lived for several years among the Maori people of New Zealand. Biography ...

David MacNish David MacNish ( 1812 – 10 April 1863) was a New Zealand interpreter, labourer, bricklayer, farmer and Pākehā Māori. He was born in Trelawny Parish, Jamaica in 1812 or 1813, the son of a Scottish-born estate overseer, David MacNish Sr. and R ...

Jacky Marmon John Marmon, known as Jacky Marmon (1798-1800?–1880) was an Australian sailor, who became one of the first Europeans to live as a Pākehā Māori. His occupations included interpreter, shopkeeper, sawyer, carpenter and soldier. Early life Mar ...

* John Rutherford

Notes

References

*
Pakeha Maori: The extraordinary story of the Europeans who lived as Maori in early New Zealand
' by Trevor Bentley; published 1999
''Old New Zealand: being Incidents of Native Customs and Character in the Old Times''
by 'A Pakeha Maori' (

) Gutenberg ebook, originally published 1863 {{DEFAULTSORT:Pakeha Maori Māori history Settlers of New Zealand

History

Notable Pākehā Māori

See also

Notes

References