enzymology Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. A ...

, a pyruvate, water dikinase () is an enzyme that

catalyzes Catalysis () is the process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a catalyst (). Catalysts are not consumed in the reaction and remain unchanged after it. If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recyc ...

the chemical reaction :ATP + pyruvate + H₂O

\rightleftharpoons

AMP + phosphoenolpyruvate + phosphate The 3 substrates of this enzyme are

ATP ATP may refer to: Companies and organizations * Association of Tennis Professionals, men's professional tennis governing body * American Technical Publishers, employee-owned publishing company * ', a Danish pension * Armenia Tree Project, non ...

pyruvate Pyruvic acid (CH3COCOOH) is the simplest of the alpha-keto acids, with a carboxylic acid and a ketone functional group. Pyruvate, the conjugate base, CH3COCOO−, is an intermediate in several metabolic pathways throughout the cell. Pyruvic aci ...

, and H₂O, whereas its 3 products are AMP, phosphoenolpyruvate, and phosphate. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, to be specific, those transferring phosphorus-containing groups (

phosphotransferase Phosphotransferases are a category of enzymes ( EC number 2.7) that catalyze phosphorylation reactions. The general form of the reactions they catalyze is: :A-P + B \rightleftharpoons B-P + A Where ''P'' is a phosphate group and A and B are the do ...

s) with paired acceptors ( dikinases). The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:pyruvate, water phosphotransferase. Other names in common use include phosphoenolpyruvate synthase, pyruvate-water dikinase (phosphorylating), PEP synthetase, phoephoenolpyruvate synthetase, phosphoenolpyruvic synthase, and phosphopyruvate synthetase. This enzyme participates in pyruvate metabolism and

reductive carboxylate cycle Reduction, reduced, or reduce may refer to: Science and technology Chemistry * Reduction (chemistry), part of a reduction-oxidation (redox) reaction in which atoms have their oxidation state changed. ** Organic redox reaction, a redox reacti ...

( fixation). It employs one cofactor, manganese.

Structural studies

As of late 2007, only one

structure A structure is an arrangement and organization of interrelated elements in a material object or system, or the object or system so organized. Material structures include man-made objects such as buildings and machines and natural objects such as ...

has been solved for this class of enzymes, with the PDB accession code .

References

* * * * EC 2.7.9 Manganese enzymes Enzymes of known structure {{2.7-enzyme-stub