''Pyrrhura'' (Greek
Red/Fire Tail) is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...
of
parrot
Parrots, also known as psittacines (), are birds of the roughly 398 species in 92 genera comprising the order Psittaciformes (), found mostly in tropical and subtropical regions. The order is subdivided into three superfamilies: the Psittacoide ...
s in the
Arini tribe. They occur in
tropical
The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in
the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to ...
and
subtropical South America
South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the sout ...
and southern
Central America
Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boundaries are defined as bordering the United States to the north, Colombia to the south, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. ...
(
Panama
Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), is a transcontinental country spanning the southern part of North America and the northern part of South America. It is bordered by Co ...
and
Costa Rica). Most are restricted to humid forest and adjacent habitats, but one species, the
blaze-winged parakeet
The blaze-winged parakeet (''Pyrrhura devillei''), more commonly known as the blaze-winged conure in aviculture, is a species of parrot found in wooded habitats in the Pantanal region of Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay. It remains locally fairly com ...
, prefers
deciduous
In the fields of horticulture and Botany, the term ''deciduous'' () means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, ...
or
gallery woodland, and another, the
Pfrimer's parakeet
Pfrimer's parakeet (''Pyrrhura pfrimeri'') is a non-migratory species within the parrot family ''Psittacidae''. It also is known as Pfrimer's conure, Goias parakeet, and maroon-faced conure. The Pfrimer's parakeet has been qualified as endangered ...
, is restricted to dry regions. Some species are highly
endangered
An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction. Endangered species may be at risk due to factors such as habitat loss, poaching and in ...
.
Depending on the species, the total length range from . All have long, pointed tails, a mainly green
plumage, and a relatively narrow, dark greyish to white eye-ring. Many have scaly or barred chest-patterns and a whitish, pale grey, buff or reddish ear-patch.
They typically move around in small, noisy flocks, flying swiftly at or below
canopy
Canopy may refer to:
Plants
* Canopy (biology), aboveground portion of plant community or crop (including forests)
* Canopy (grape), aboveground portion of grapes
Religion and ceremonies
* Baldachin or canopy of state, typically placed over an ...
level. Once settled in a tree they tend to be silent (especially if aware of danger) and difficult to spot. They nest in a tree-crevice.
Some species are popular in
aviculture
Aviculture is the practice of keeping and breeding birds, especially of wild birds in captivity.
Types
There are various reasons that people get involved in aviculture. Some people breed birds to preserve a species. Some people breed parrots ...
, where they are commonly referred to
conure
Conures are a diverse, loosely defined group of small to medium-sized parrots. They belong to several genera within a long-tailed group of the New World parrot subfamily Arinae. The term "conure" is used primarily in bird keeping, though it has ...
s instead of parakeets.
The
taxonomy
Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification.
A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ...
of some groups, in particular the ''
Pyrrhura picta'' and the ''
P. leucotis''
complexes, has changed significantly in recent years. In late 2008 it was proposed that the members of the ''P. picta'' complex from north-eastern
Peru
, image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg
, image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg
, other_symbol = Great Seal of the State
, other_symbol_type = National seal
, national_motto = "Firm and Happy f ...
(the so-called "group 6" in Joseph, 2002) should be considered a
new species, the Amazon red-fronted parakeet, ''P. parvifrons''. This has yet to receive widespread recognition (e.g., by
SACC), and consequently it is not included in the below list.
Species
*
Ochre-marked parakeet
The ochre-marked parakeet (''Pyrrhura cruentata'') is a species of parrot native to Brazil. It is also known as blue-throated parakeet and red-eared conure in English and ''tiriba-grande'', ''tiriba'', ''cara-suja'' and ''fura-mato-grande'' in P ...
, ''Pyrrhura cruentata''.
*
Maroon-bellied parakeet
__NOTOC__
The maroon-bellied parakeet (''Pyrrhura frontalis'') is a small parrot found from southeastern Brazil to north-eastern Argentina, including eastern Paraguay and Uruguay. It is also known as the reddish-bellied parakeet, and in avicultur ...
, ''Pyrrhura frontalis''.
*
Blaze-winged parakeet
The blaze-winged parakeet (''Pyrrhura devillei''), more commonly known as the blaze-winged conure in aviculture, is a species of parrot found in wooded habitats in the Pantanal region of Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay. It remains locally fairly com ...
, ''Pyrrhura devillei'' – traditionally a subspecies of ''P. frontalis''.
*
Crimson-bellied parakeet
The crimson-bellied parakeet (''Pyrrhura perlata''), more commonly known as the crimson-bellied conure in aviculture, is a species of parrot in the family Psittacidae.
Taxonomy
Its taxonomic history is potentially confusing. It was formerly k ...
, ''Pyrrhura perlata'' – formerly ''P. rhodogaster''.
*
Pearly parakeet
The pearly parakeet (''Pyrrhura lepida''), more commonly known as the pearly conure in aviculture, is a species of parrot that is endemic to east Amazonian forests in Brazil.Collar, N. J. (1997). Pearly Parakeet (Pyrrhura lepida). Pp. 440 i ...
, ''Pyrrhura lepida'' – formerly ''P. perlata''.
*
Green-cheeked parakeet
The green-cheeked parakeet or green-cheeked conure (''Pyrrhura molinae'') is a small parrot of the genus ''Pyrrhura'', which is part of a long-tailed group of the New World parrot subfamily Arinae. The term ''conure'' is often used for this par ...
, ''Pyrrhura molinae''.
*
Painted parakeet
The painted parakeet (''Pyrrhura picta''), more commonly known as the painted conure in aviculture, is a species of bird in the family Psittacidae, the true parrots. Its taxonomy is highly complex, and has undergone significant changes in recent ...
, ''Pyrrhura picta''.
*
Sinú parakeet, ''Pyrrhura subandina'' – possibly
extinct.
** Todd's (Perijá) parakeet, ''Pyrrhura picta caeruleiceps''.
** Azuero parakeet, ''Pyrrhura picta eisenmanni''.
*
Venezuelan parakeet
The Venezuelan parakeet (''Pyrrhura emma'') or Emma's conure is a bird in the parrot family Psittacidae. It was formerly considered conspecific with the white-eared parakeet (''Pyrrhura leucotis'').
Range
''Pyrrhura emma'' occurs in forested ar ...
, ''Pyrrhura emma'' – Formally considered a subspecies of ''P. leucotis''.
*
Santarém (Hellmayr's) parakeet, ''Pyrrhura amazonum'' – traditionally a subspecies of ''P. picta''.
*
Madeira parakeet, ''Pyrrhura snethlageae''
*
Bonaparte's (Deville's) parakeet, ''Pyrrhura lucianii'' – traditionally a subspecies of ''P. picta''.
*
Rose-fronted parakeet
The rose-fronted parakeet (''Pyrrhura roseifrons''), also known as the red-crowned parakeet (leading to easy confusion with the '' Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae''), or, in aviculture, the rose-fronted conure, is a species of parrot in the family ...
, ''Pyrrhura roseifrons'' – traditionally a subspecies of ''P. picta''.
** Wavy-breasted parakeet, ''Pyrrhura roseifrons peruviana''.
*
White-eared (maroon-faced) parakeet, ''Pyrrhura leucotis''.
*
Grey-breasted parakeet
The grey-breasted parakeet (''Pyrrhura griseipectus'') is a species of parrot in the family Psittacidae. It is endemic to Ceará in north-eastern Brazil and restricted to a few mountains with relatively humid forest and woodland in a region other ...
, ''Pyrrhura griseipectus''.
*
Pfrimer's parakeet
Pfrimer's parakeet (''Pyrrhura pfrimeri'') is a non-migratory species within the parrot family ''Psittacidae''. It also is known as Pfrimer's conure, Goias parakeet, and maroon-faced conure. The Pfrimer's parakeet has been qualified as endangered ...
, ''Pyrrhura pfrimeri'' – traditionally a subspecies of ''P. leucotis''.
*
Fiery-shouldered parakeet, ''Pyrrhura egregia''.
*
Santa Marta parakeet
The Santa Marta parakeet (''Pyrrhura viridicata'') is a species of parrot in the family Psittacidae. It is endemic to Colombia.
Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss
Habita ...
, ''Pyrrhura viridicata''.
*
Maroon-tailed parakeet
The maroon-tailed parakeet (''Pyrrhura melanura'') is a species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
Taxonomy and systematics
...
, ''Pyrrhura melanura''.
*
El Oro parakeet
The El Oro parakeet, conure D'Orcès, cotorra de El Oro, or perico de El Oro (''Pyrrhura orcesi'') is a species of parrot in the family Psittacidae, endemic to Ecuador. It is a relatively newly identified species, having been discovered in 1980. L ...
, ''Pyrrhura orcesi''.
*
Black-capped (rock) parakeet, ''Pyrrhura rupicola''.
*
White-necked parakeet, ''Pyrrhura albipectus''.
*
Flame-winged (brown-breasted) parakeet, ''Pyrrhura calliptera''.
*
Red-eared parakeet, ''Pyrrhura hoematotis''.
*
Rose-headed (rose-crowned) parakeet, ''Pyrrhura rhodocephala''.
*
Sulphur-winged parakeet
The sulphur-winged parakeet (''Pyrrhura hoffmanni''), also known as Hoffmann's conure in aviculture, is a species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama.
T ...
, ''Pyrrhura hoffmanni''.
Species photographs
File:Pyrrhura cruentata -pet on a pole -2c.jpg, Blue-throated parakeet (''Pyrrhura cruentata'')
File:Maroon-bellied Conure (Pyrrhura frontalis) -on stump.jpg, Maroon-bellied parakeet
__NOTOC__
The maroon-bellied parakeet (''Pyrrhura frontalis'') is a small parrot found from southeastern Brazil to north-eastern Argentina, including eastern Paraguay and Uruguay. It is also known as the reddish-bellied parakeet, and in avicultur ...
(''Pyrrhura frontalis'')
File:Two Green-Cheeked Conures.jpeg, Green-cheeked parakeet
The green-cheeked parakeet or green-cheeked conure (''Pyrrhura molinae'') is a small parrot of the genus ''Pyrrhura'', which is part of a long-tailed group of the New World parrot subfamily Arinae. The term ''conure'' is often used for this par ...
(''Pyrrhura molinae'')
File:Pyrrhura perlata -pet-01.jpg, Crimson-bellied parakeet
The crimson-bellied parakeet (''Pyrrhura perlata''), more commonly known as the crimson-bellied conure in aviculture, is a species of parrot in the family Psittacidae.
Taxonomy
Its taxonomic history is potentially confusing. It was formerly k ...
(''Pyrrhura perlata'')
File:Pyrrhura lepida -pet-8.jpg, Pearly parakeet
The pearly parakeet (''Pyrrhura lepida''), more commonly known as the pearly conure in aviculture, is a species of parrot that is endemic to east Amazonian forests in Brazil.Collar, N. J. (1997). Pearly Parakeet (Pyrrhura lepida). Pp. 440 i ...
(''Pyrrhura lepida'')
File:Rose-crowned Parakeet.jpg, Rose-crowned parakeet
(''Pyrrhura hoematotis'')
File:Pyrrhura hoffmanni -Costa Rica-4-4c.jpg, Sulphur-winged parakeet
The sulphur-winged parakeet (''Pyrrhura hoffmanni''), also known as Hoffmann's conure in aviculture, is a species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama.
T ...
(''Pyrrhura hoffmanni'')
File:Pyrrhura rupicola -captive-6a.jpg, Black-capped parakeet
The black-capped parakeet (''Pyrrhura rupicola''), also known as the black-capped conure or rock conure in aviculture, is a parrot native to the south-western Amazon Basin and adjacent east Andean slopes in Peru, Bolivia and Brazil. It has a to ...
(''Pyrrhura rupicola'')
File:Tiriba-de-testa-vermelha de lado.jpg, Domestic maroon-bellied parakeet
__NOTOC__
The maroon-bellied parakeet (''Pyrrhura frontalis'') is a small parrot found from southeastern Brazil to north-eastern Argentina, including eastern Paraguay and Uruguay. It is also known as the reddish-bellied parakeet, and in avicultur ...
(''Pyrrhura frontalis'')
References
* Arndt, T. (2008). ''Anmerkungen zu einigen Pyrrhura-Formen mit der Beschreibung einer neuen Art und zweier neuer Unterarten.'' Papageien 8/2008.
* Joseph, L. (2002). ''Geographic variation, taxonomy and distribution of some Amazonian Pyrrhura parakeets.'' Ornitologia Neotropical 13 (4): 337–363.
* Juniper, T., and M. Parr (1998). ''A Guide to the Parrots of the World''. Pica Press, East Sussex.
* Remsen, J. V., Jr., C. D. Cadena, A. Jaramillo, M. Nores, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, T. S. Schulenberg, F. G. Stiles, D. F. Stotz, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 28 Jun. 2007
''A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithologists' Union.''* Restall, R., C. Rodner, and M. Lentino. (2006). ''Birds of Northern South America - An Identification Guide.''. Christopher Helm, London.
* Ribas, C., L. Joseph, and C. Miyaki (2006). ''Molecular systematics and patterns of diversification in Pyrrhura (Psittacidae), with special reference to the picta-leucotis complex.'' Auk 123 (3): 660–680.
{{Taxonbar, from=Q568111
Bird genera
Taxa named by Charles Lucien Bonaparte