''Pyrrhulina'' is a genus of freshwater fishes found in

tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to ...

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the southe ...

. Several of these species are popular

aquarium An aquarium (plural: ''aquariums'' or ''aquaria'') is a vivarium of any size having at least one transparent side in which aquatic plants or animals are kept and displayed. Fishkeepers use aquaria to keep fish, invertebrates, amphibians, aq ...

fish. ''Pyrrhulina'' is closely related to ''

Copeina ''Copeina'' is a genus of fishes found in the Amazon basin. The two described species are: * '' Copeina guttata'' (Steindachner Franz Steindachner (11 November 1834 in Vienna – 10 December 1919 in Vienna) was an Austrian zoologist, ichthyol ...

'' and ''

Copella Copella is a British fruit juice company located south of Boxford, Suffolk. It was founded in 1969. In 1991 the family bought the company back from Taunton Cider Company. The brand is now owned by Tropicana Tropicana may refer to: Companies *Tr ...

'', although it is distinguished from the former by having only one row of teeth (''Copeina'' spp. have two). When the genus ''Copella'' was established, many species were removed from the genus ''Pyrrhulina'' and placed there, because differences in the maxillary bones in the males had been detected. ''Copella'' species are slimmer and more elongated than those species that remained in the genus ''Pyrrhulina''.

Species

The 18 currently recognized species in this genus are: * ''

Pyrrhulina australis ''Pyrrhulina'' is a genus of freshwater fishes found in tropical South America. Several of these species are popular aquarium fish. ''Pyrrhulina'' is closely related to ''Copeina'' and ''Copella'', although it is distinguished from the former by ...

'' C. H. Eigenmann & C. H. Kennedy, 1903 * '' Pyrrhulina beni'' N. E. Pearson, 1924 * ''

Pyrrhulina brevis ''Pyrrhulina'' is a genus of freshwater fishes found in tropical South America. Several of these species are popular aquarium fish. ''Pyrrhulina'' is closely related to '' Copeina'' and ''Copella'', although it is distinguished from the former b ...

Steindachner Franz Steindachner (11 November 1834 in Vienna – 10 December 1919 in Vienna) was an Austrian zoologist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. He published over 200 papers on fishes and over 50 papers on reptiles and amphibians. Steindachner describ ...

, 1876 * '' Pyrrhulina eleanorae'' Fowler, 1940 * '' Pyrrhulina elongata'' Zarske &

Géry Géry () is a commune in the Meuse department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. See also *Communes of the Meuse department The following is a list of the 499 communes of the Meuse department of France. The communes cooperate in the follo ...

, 2001 * '' Pyrrhulina filamentosa''

Valenciennes Valenciennes (, also , , ; nl, label=also Dutch, Valencijn; pcd, Valincyinnes or ; la, Valentianae) is a commune in the Nord department, Hauts-de-France, France. It lies on the Scheldt () river. Although the city and region experienced a s ...

, 1847 * '' Pyrrhulina laeta'' (

Cope The cope (known in Latin as ''pluviale'' 'rain coat' or ''cappa'' 'cape') is a liturgical vestment, more precisely a long mantle or cloak, open in front and fastened at the breast with a band or clasp. It may be of any liturgical colours, litu ...

, 1872) (halfbanded pyrrhulina) * '' Pyrrhulina lugubris'' C. H. Eigenmann, 1922 * '' Pyrrhulina marilynae'' Netto-Ferreira &

Marinho Marinho is both a given name and a Portuguese surname. Notable people with the name include: ;Given name * Marinho Peres (born 1947), a Brazilian footballer ;Surname * António Marinho e Pinto (born 1950), Portuguese lawyer and former journalist, ...

, 2013Netto-Ferreira, A.L. & Marinho, M.M.F. (2013): New species of ''Pyrrhulina'' (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Lebiasinidae) from the Brazilian Shield, with comments on a putative monophyletic group of species in the genus. ''Zootaxa, 3664 (3): 369–376.'' * '' Pyrrhulina maxima'' C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann, 1889 * ''

Pyrrhulina melanostoma ''Pyrrhulina'' is a genus of freshwater fishes found in tropical South America. Several of these species are popular aquarium fish. ''Pyrrhulina'' is closely related to ''Copeina'' and ''Copella'', although it is distinguished from the former by ...

'' (Cope, 1870) (blackmouth pyrrhulina) * '' Pyrrhulina obermulleri'' G. S. Myers, 1926 * '' Pyrrhulina rachoviana'' G. S. Myers, 1926 (fanning pyrrhulina) * '' Pyrrhulina semifasciata'' Steindachner, 1876 * '' Pyrrhulina spilota'' S. H. Weitzman, 1960 * '' Pyrrhulina stoli'' Boeseman, 1953 * '' Pyrrhulina vittata''

Regan The family name Regan, along with its cognates O'Regan, O Regan, Reagan, and O'Reagan, is an Anglicized form of the Irish surname Ó Riagáin or Ó Ríogáin, from Ua Riagáin. The meaning is likely to have originated in ancient Gaelic ''ri'' ...

, 1912 (banded pyrrhulina) * '' Pyrrhulina zigzag'' Zarske & Géry, 1997

Classification / Names

Actinopteri (ray-finned fishes) > Characiformes (Characins) > Lebiasinidae (Pencilfishes) > Pyrrhulininae Etymology: Pyrrhulina: Greek, pyrrhos = red, with the colour of the fire (Ref. 45335). More on authors: Eigenmann & Kennedy.

Environment

Freshwater; benthopelagic. Tropical

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm 2.2 Max length : 5.0 cm SL male/unsexed.

References

Lebiasinidae Fish of South America Taxa named by Achille Valenciennes Tropical fish {{Characiformes-stub