''Pyrrhia umbra'', the bordered sallow, is a

moth Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approximately 160,000 species of moth, many of w ...

of the family

Noctuidae The Noctuidae, commonly known as owlet moths, cutworms or armyworms, are a family of moths. They are considered the most controversial family in the superfamily Noctuoidea because many of the clades are constantly changing, along with the other f ...

. The species was first described by

Johann Siegfried Hufnagel Johann Siegfried Hufnagel (17 October 1724, Uckerfelde, Falkenwalde, Prenzlau district, Brandenburg – 23 February 1795, Langenfeld, Sternberg district) was a German parson and entomologist (lepidopterist). Life Until the late 20th century nothing ...

in 1766. It is found in all of Europe, east through

Anatolia Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The re ...

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,; prs, امارت اسلامی افغانستان is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. Referred to as the Heart of Asia, it is bordere ...

Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...

and

Nepal Nepal (; ne, नेपाल ), formerly the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ( ne, सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल ), is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is mai ...

and through central Asia to

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

. In mountains it can be found up to elevations of 1,600 meters.

Technical description and variation

The

wingspan The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one wingtip to the other wingtip. For example, the Boeing 777–200 has a wingspan of , and a wandering albatross (''Diomedea exulans'') caught in 1965 had a wingspan of ...

is 27–35 mm. The length of the forewings is 16–19 mm. The forewings are a deep olive yellow, faintly dark dusted, from the base to the outer line, beyond which the terminal area is purplish grey, paling towards termen; the lines bright brown; the inner angled inwards on the veins and outwards between them; the outer stronger, oblique and slightly sinuous from the subcostal bend, generally followed by a purplish-grey shade; median shade bent on median vein: submarginal line lunulate-dentate, dark brown, the area beyond it often golden brown; orbicular and reniform of the ground colour, with brown outlines and brownish centres; the claviform outlined only; hindwing straw yellow; with broad black terminal border, dark cellspot, and pale fringe; — ab. ''marginata'' is a paler yellow form, with the termen of both wings paler, and the dark centre of the reniform stigma prominent; a rare aberration, in which the base of forewing is darkened, is called ''rutilago'' Haw.

Biology

The moth flies from May to September depending on location. Larva green to reddish brown, mottled with yellowish, and dotted with black; dorsal line dark, white edged; subdorsal lines fine, yellowish white; lateral lines white or yellow; head pale brown. The larvae feed on ''

Ononis ''Ononis'' is a large genus of perennial herbs and shrubs from the legume family Fabaceae. The members of this genus are often called restharrows as some species grow as weeds on arable lands whose tough stems would stop the harrow. They are na ...

'',

fireweed ''Chamaenerion angustifolium'' is a perennial herbaceous flowering plant in the willowherb family Onagraceae. It is known in North America as fireweed, in some parts of Canada as great willowherb, in Britain and Ireland as rosebay willowherb. In ...

and ''

Honckenya peploides ''Honckenya peploides'', the sea sandwort (UK) or seaside sandplant (Canada), is the only species in the genus ''Honckenya'' of the plant family Caryophyllaceae. Other common names include sea chickweed, sea pimpernal, sea-beach sandwort, and sea ...

'', but also

deciduous tree In the fields of horticulture and Botany, the term ''deciduous'' () means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, afte ...

s, shrubs and other

herbaceous plant Herbaceous plants are vascular plants that have no persistent woody stems above ground. This broad category of plants includes many perennials, and nearly all annuals and biennials. Definitions of "herb" and "herbaceous" The fourth edition of t ...

References

External links

* * Taxonomy
"''Pyrrhia umbra'' (Hufnagel, 1766)"
''Fauna Europaea''. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
"09372 ''Pyrrhia umbra'' (Hufnagel, 1766) - Umbra-Sonneneule"
''Lepiforum e. V.'' Retrieved 24 March 2020.
"Oranje o-vlinder ''Pyrrhia umbra''"
''De Vlinderstichting''. Heliothinae Moths described in 1766 Moths of Asia Moths of Europe Moths of Japan Taxa named by Johann Siegfried Hufnagel {{Heliothinae-stub