lichen
A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.fungi. It is the only genus in the family Pyrenidiaceae. It has 13 species.
Taxonomy
The genus was
circumscribed
In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon. The center of this circle is called the circumcenter and its radius is called the circumradius.
Not every polyg ...
Pyrenidium actinellum
''Pyrenidium'' is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi. It is the only genus in the family Pyrenidiaceae. It has 13 species.
Taxonomy
The genus was circumscribed by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1865, with '' Pyrenidium a ...
'' assigned as the type species. The family was originally proposed by
Alexander Zahlbruckner
Alexander Zahlbruckner (31 May 1860, Svätý Jur – 1938, Vienna) was an Austrian- Hungarian botanist who specialized in the study of lichens. Johann Babtist Zahlbruckner, an earlier Austrian botanist, was his grandfather.
From 1878 to 1883 ...
in 1898, and later resurrected for use in 2019. ''Pyrenidium'' was previously classified in
Dacampiaceae
Dacampiaceae is a family of fungi belonging to the order Pleosporales. The family was first described in 1855 by Gustav Wilhelm Körber.
Genera
Genera listed by Mycobank:
*''Byssothecium''
*'' Cocciscia'' Norman, 1870
*'' Dacampia''
*'' Dacam ...
, but
molecular phylogenetic
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...
analysis showed that this family was polyphyletic, and that ''Pyrenidium'' originated from a
lineage
Lineage may refer to:
Science
* Lineage (anthropology), a group that can demonstrate its common descent from an apical ancestor or a direct line of descent from an ancestor
* Lineage (evolution), a temporal sequence of individuals, populati ...
distinct from the genera in that family.
Description
Members of the genus have ascomata that are perithecioid in form, often with blue-green pigment in the upper wall of the peridia. Their ascomata are either immersed in the
host
A host is a person responsible for guests at an event or for providing hospitality during it.
Host may also refer to:
Places
* Host, Pennsylvania, a village in Berks County
People
*Jim Host (born 1937), American businessman
* Michel Host ...
thallus, or bursting through surface (''erumpent''), exposing the upper part of the structure (sometimes still covered by tissue of the host thalli). They have bitunicate
asci ASCI or Asci may refer to:
* Advertising Standards Council of India
* Asci, the plural of ascus, in fungal anatomy
* Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative
* American Society for Clinical Investigation
* Argus Sour Crude Index
* Association of ...
that contain from 4 to 8 ascospores. Infection by the fungus sometimes causes
gall
Galls (from the Latin , 'oak-apple') or ''cecidia'' (from the Greek , anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants, fungi, or animals. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to be ...
Pyrenidium actinellum
''Pyrenidium'' is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi. It is the only genus in the family Pyrenidiaceae. It has 13 species.
Taxonomy
The genus was circumscribed by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1865, with '' Pyrenidium a ...
''
* ''
Pyrenidium aggregatum
''Pyrenidium'' is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi. It is the only genus in the family Pyrenidiaceae. It has 13 species.
Taxonomy
The genus was circumscribed by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1865, with ''Pyrenidium ...
''
* ''
Pyrenidium borbonicum
''Pyrenidium'' is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi. It is the only genus in the family Pyrenidiaceae. It has 13 species.
Taxonomy
The genus was circumscribed by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1865, with ''Pyrenidium ...
''
* ''
Pyrenidium coccineum
''Pyrenidium'' is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi. It is the only genus in the family Pyrenidiaceae. It has 13 species.
Taxonomy
The genus was circumscribed by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1865, with ''Pyrenidium ...
''
* ''
Pyrenidium cryptotheciae
''Pyrenidium'' is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi. It is the only genus in the family Pyrenidiaceae. It has 13 species.
Taxonomy
The genus was circumscribed by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1865, with ''Pyrenidium ...
''
* ''
Pyrenidium hetairizans
''Pyrenidium'' is a genus of lichenicolous fungus, lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi. It is the only genus in the family (biology), family Pyrenidiaceae. It has 13 species.
Taxonomy
The genus was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed by ...
Pyrenidium octosporum
''Pyrenidium'' is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi. It is the only genus in the family Pyrenidiaceae. It has 13 species.
Taxonomy
The genus was circumscribed by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1865, with ''Pyrenidi ...
''
* ''
Pyrenidium santessonii
''Pyrenidium'' is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi. It is the only genus in the family Pyrenidiaceae. It has 13 species.
Taxonomy
The genus was circumscribed by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1865, with ''Pyrenidi ...
Pyrenidium zamiae
''Pyrenidium'' is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi. It is the only genus in the family Pyrenidiaceae. It has 13 species.
Taxonomy
The genus was circumscribed by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1865, with ''Pyrenidi ...