The Pyralini are a

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to confli ...

snout moth The Pyralidae, commonly called pyralid moths, snout moths or grass moths, are a family of Lepidoptera in the ditrysian superfamily Pyraloidea. In many (particularly older) classifications, the grass moths (Crambidae) are included in the Pyralida ...

s described by

Pierre André Latreille Pierre André Latreille (; 29 November 1762 – 6 February 1833) was a French zoologist, specialising in arthropods. Having trained as a Roman Catholic priest before the French Revolution, Latreille was imprisoned, and only regained his freedom ...

in 1809. They belong to the subfamily Pyralinae, which contains the "typical" snout moths of the Old World and some other regions. The

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...

list presented here is provisional. They are deemed to represent the lineage around the

type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specime ...

, the

meal moth A meal is an eating occasion that takes place at a certain time and includes consumption of food. The names used for specific meals in English vary, depending on the speaker's culture, the time of day, or the size of the meal. Although they c ...

(''Pyralis farinalis''), a somewhat notorious pest of stored cereals and similar goods. Like this species, Pyralini are usually largish snout moths; some are boldly colored (often in bright brown to yellow hues) by standards of their family.

Systematics and taxonomy

While the Pyralini are a successful radiation even as presently circumscribed, this delimitation is highly provisional. It is very likely that more genera belong here (unknown Pyralinae are still being discovered on a regular basis), and perhaps the group will turn out to be so large or

phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...

ally inconsistent that it will be split apart. Pending a detailed analysis, the following genera are placed here (some notable species are also listed):

* '' Actenia'' Guenée in Boisduval & Guenée, 1854 ** '' Actenia brunnealis'' * '' Aglossa'' * '' Amphiderita'' Turner, 1925 * '' Arescoptera'' Turner, 1911 * '' Arippara'' Walker, 863/small> * '' Arispe'' Ragonot, 1891 * ''

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'' Walker, 1863 * '' Cardamyla'' Walker, 1859 * '' Catocrocis'' Ragonot, 1891 * '' Curena'' Walker, 866/small> * '' Dolichomia'' Ragonot, 1891 (mostly placed in '' Hypsopygia'') * ''

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'' Ragonot, 1891 * '' Fujimacia'' Marumo, 1939 * ''

Gauna Gauna is a northern Indian hindu custom and the ceremony associated with the consummation of marriage prevalent in the states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan. It is associated with the custom of child marriage. The ceremony takes place sever ...

'' Walker, 866/small> ** '' Gauna aegusalis'' * '' Herculia'' (mostly placed in '' Hypsopygia'') * '' Hypsopygia'' * '' Lixa'' Walker, 866/small> * '' Macna'' Walker,

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/small> * '' Mapeta'' * '' Maradana'' Moore, 1884 * '' Micromastra'' Schaus, 1940 * '' Neodavisia'' Barnes & McDunnough, 1914 * '' Ocrasa'' (including ''Orthopygia'', mostly placed in '' Hypsopygia'') * '' Perisseretma'' Warren, 1895 * '' Pseudasopia'' Grote, 1873 (mostly placed in '' Hypsopygia'') * '' Pyralis'' Linnaeus, 1758 ** ''

Pyralis farinalis ''Pyralis'' is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Carl Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, ...

'' – meal moth ** '' Pyralis manihotalis'' ** '' Pyralis pictalis'' – Poplar pyralis, painted meal moth * '' Scenedra'' Meyrick, 1884 ** '' Scenedra decoratalis'' * '' Scenidiopis'' Turner, 1904 * '' Stemmatophora'' Guenée in Boisduval & Guenée, 1854 * '' Synaphe'' Hübner,

825 __NOTOC__ Year 825 ( DCCCXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place India * A group of Persio-Assyrian adherents of the Church of the East, under the leade ...

/small> ** '' Synaphe punctalis'' * '' Taboga'' Dyar, 1914 * '' Tanyethira'' Turner, 1911 * ''

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'' Ragonot, 1890 * '' Trebania'' Ragonot, 1892 ** '' Trebania flavifrontalis'' (Leech, 1889) * '' Tretopteryx'' Ragonot, 1890 * '' Ulotricha'' Lederer, 1863 * '' Vitessa'' Moore, 860/small> Numerous Pyralinae genera have not yet been assigned to a tribe, and in general the subfamily is in need of thorough revision. Some genera have explicitly been allied with Pyralini genera in the past and might more likely than others be members of the present subfamily:Wikispecies (29 May 2011) ''contra'' references in Savela (2011) * '' Loryma'' Walker, 1859 * '' Scotomera'' Butler, 1881 * '' Tegulifera'' Saalmüller, 1880 * '' Zitha'' Walker, 866/small> (including ''Tamraca'') '' Tanaobela'' is a more complicated case; it has by some authors been assigned to the

grass moth The Crambidae are the grass moth family of lepidopterans. They are variable in appearance, the nominal subfamily Crambinae (grass moths) taking up closely folded postures on grass stems where they are inconspicuous, while other subfamilies includ ...

s (Crambidae, formerly included in the

Pyralidae The Pyralidae, commonly called pyralid moths, snout moths or grass moths, are a family of Lepidoptera in the ditrysian superfamily Pyraloidea. In many (particularly older) classifications, the grass moths (Crambidae) are included in the Pyralida ...

). Others have placed it in the Pyralini, which may well be correct.

Synonyms

The Pyralini have some objective junior synonyms due to misidentifications of specimens by early entomologists. In addition, presumed lineages around '' Aglossa'', '' Mapeta'' (= ''Homalochroa'') and '' Synaphe'' (= ''Cledeobia'') were once considered taxonomically distinct, often even as subfamilies, but are today included in the present tribe. While they are not likely to be subfamilies, their actual taxonomic status will be determined by future analyses. The presently-obsolete synonyms of Pyralini are:See references in Savela (2011) * Aglossinae A.Blanchard, 1840 * Asopidae Guenée, 1854 * Asopiinae Guenée, 1854 * Cledeobiinae A.Blanchard, 1840 * Homalochroidae Lederer, 1863 * Homalochroinae Lederer, 1863

Footnotes

References

* (2011)
Markku Savela's ''Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms'': Pyralinae
Version of 3 March 2011. Retrieved 29 May 2011. * (2007): Phylogenetic studies and modern classification of the Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera). ''Revista Colombiana de Entomología'' 33(1): 1-8 nglish with Spanish abstractbr>HTML fulltext
{{Taxonbar, from=Q7263213 * Moth tribes