Pyotr Dmitrievich Grushin (russian: Пётр Дмитриевич Грушин, January 15, 1906,

Volsk Volsk (russian: Вольск) is a town in Saratov Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Volga River, opposite the mouth of the Bolshoy Irgiz (a tributary of the Volga), northeast from Saratov, the administrative center of the oblast. ...

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...

– November 29, 1993) was a Soviet rocket scientist and, from 1966, an academician of the

Academy of Sciences of the USSR The Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union was the highest scientific institution of the Soviet Union from 1925 to 1991, uniting the country's leading scientists, subordinated directly to the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (until 1946 ...

. Grushin graduated from

Moscow Aviation Institute Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University) (MAI; russian: Московский авиационный институт, МАИ) is one of the major engineering institutes in Moscow, Russia. Since its inception MAI has been spearhe ...

, where he participated in the development of the MAI Stal plane (russian: "Сталь", 1931–1934). Later, he became a chief designer of KB MAI (1934–1940), where he developed the light bomber BB-MAI and some other design

His later designed the heavy long-range fighter IDS (russian: ИДС), later renamed Grushin Gr-1, Gr-1 after Grushin. The plane made its first flights in 1940-1941 at

Kharkov Kharkiv ( uk, Ха́рків, ), also known as Kharkov (russian: Харькoв, ), is the second-largest city and municipality in Ukraine.

Aviation Plant ( KhAZ) 135 (with Grushin as a Chief designer of KhAZ OKB), but after the war began it was destroyed in an air raid. He worked as the Chief engineer on ''Plant 21'' and later as vice chief designer to

Lavochkin NPO Lavochkin (russian: НПО Лавочкина, OKB-301, also called Lavochkin Research and Production Association or shortly Lavochkin Association, LA) is a Russian aerospace company. It is a major player in the Russian space program, being th ...

at his Lavochkin design bureau. He was the chief developer of a number of

air defence system Anti-aircraft warfare, counter-air or air defence forces is the battlespace response to aerial warfare, defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action".AAP-6 It includes surface based, ...

s at KB ''Fakel'' (former OKB-2) located in

Khimki Khimki ( rus, Химки, p=ˈxʲimkʲɪ) is a city in Moscow Oblast, Russia, 18.25 kilometres northwest of central Moscow, and immediately beyond the Moscow city boundary. History Origins and formation Khimki was initially a railway station tha ...

. This design bureau now bears his name. For the design of the V-750 missile, the interceptor component of the

S-75 Dvina The S-75 (Russian: С-75; NATO reporting name SA-2 Guideline) is a Soviet-designed, high-altitude air defence system, built around a surface-to-air missile with command guidance. Following its first deployment in 1957 it became one of the most w ...

air defense system, Grushin was awarded the

Hero of Socialist Labour The Hero of Socialist Labour (russian: links=no, Герой Социалистического Труда, Geroy Sotsialisticheskogo Truda) was an honorific title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries from 1938 to 1991. It repre ...

in 1958. This missile downed U-2 spy-plane of Francis Powers on May 1, 1960 near Sverdlovsk. In 1981 he received his second Hero of Socialist Labour award for the S-300 missile system. He was a laureate of the Lenin Prize (1963), and held 7

Orders of Lenin The Order of Lenin (russian: Орден Ленина, Orden Lenina, ), named after the leader of the Russian October Revolution, was established by the Central Executive Committee on April 6, 1930. The order was the highest civilian decoration b ...

, among other awards.

Honours and awards

*Twice

*Seven

Order of the October Revolution The Order of the October Revolution (russian: Орден Октябрьской Революции, ''Orden Oktyabr'skoy Revolyutsii'') was instituted on October 31, 1967, in time for the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution. It was conferr ...

Order of the Red Banner of Labour The Order of the Red Banner of Labour (russian: Орден Трудового Красного Знамени, translit=Orden Trudovogo Krasnogo Znameni) was an order of the Soviet Union established to honour great deeds and services to th ...

Jubilee Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary since the Birth of Vladimir Il'ich Lenin" A jubilee is a particular anniversary of an event, usually denoting the 25th, 40th, 50th, 60th, and the 70th anniversary. The term is often now used to denote the celebrations associated with the reign of a monarch after a milestone number of y ...

Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945" The Medal "For the Victory Over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945" (russian: Медаль «За победу над Германией в Великой Отечественной войне 1941—1945 гг.») was a military de ...

Jubilee Medal "Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945" A jubilee is a particular anniversary of an event, usually denoting the 25th, 40th, 50th, 60th, and the 70th anniversary. The term is often now used to denote the celebrations associated with the reign of a monarch after a milestone number of ...

* Jubilee Medal "Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945" *

Jubilee Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945" A jubilee is a particular anniversary of an event, usually denoting the 25th, 40th, 50th, 60th, and the 70th anniversary. The term is often now used to denote the celebrations associated with the reign of a monarch after a milestone number of y ...

Medal "For Valiant Labour in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945" A medal or medallion is a small portable artistic object, a thin disc, normally of metal, carrying a design, usually on both sides. They typically have a commemorative purpose of some kind, and many are presented as awards. They may be int ...

Medal "Veteran of Labour" The Medal "Veteran of Labour" (russian: медаль «Ветеран труда») was a civilian labour award of the Soviet Union established on January 18, 1974 by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR to honour workers ...

* Lenin Prize *

USSR State Prize The USSR State Prize (russian: links=no, Государственная премия СССР, Gosudarstvennaya premiya SSSR) was the Soviet Union's state honor. It was established on 9 September 1966. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, t ...

Sources

* "''Fakel'' missiles", under editing by Chief designer of MKB Fakel V.G. Svetlov, Moscow, 2003. *
Grushin Gr-1 (IDS)
* ''Red Sam: The SA-2 Guideline Anti-Aircraft Missile''. Author: Steven J. Zaloga * Yury Zaitsev
Outside View: Russia's ABM plans -- Part 1
May 20, 2008 * Mike Gruntman, Blazing the Trail: The Early History of Spacecraft and Rocketry, pp 407, 408 * ''Source: Translated from Russian Wikipedia'' {{DEFAULTSORT:Grushin, Peter Dmitrievich 1906 births 1993 deaths Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences Moscow Aviation Institute alumni Heroes of Socialist Labour Lenin Prize winners Recipients of the Order of Lenin Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour Recipients of the USSR State Prize Soviet inventors Soviet engineers Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery