Pyhämaa

Pyhämaa is a village and a former municipality of Finland in the former Turku and Pori Province, now in the Finland Proper region. It was consolidated with the town of Uusikaupunki in 1974.

Geography

The territory of Pyhämaa mainly consists of islands as well as former islands that have fused with the mainland due to post-glacial rebound. It is located in the Bothnian Sea.

The municipality bordered Uusikaupunki, Kalanti and Pyhäranta, before 1969 also Uudenkaupungin maalaiskunta.

Villages

*Edväinen (locally ''Erväne, Ärväine'')
*Heinänen
*Kammela
*Ketteli
*Kuivarauma (Kuiviraumo)
*Kukainen
*Kursila
*Pitkäluoto
*Pyhämaa

Name

''Pyhämaa'' literally means "holy land". According to folk stories, the island was known as ''Pahamaa'' (evil land) as it was said to be inhabited by evil spirits, pirates and criminals until Isaacus Rothovius, bishop of Turku, ordered the establishment of a church in the 17th century.

According to Veikko Paasio, this story is a later invention and the island has never been called ''Pahamaa''. He notes that many toponyms with the word ''pyhä'' have referred to remote locations, with the island of Pyhämaa being far away from the early population centers of Untamala (Laitila) and Kalanti. The word ''pyhämaa'' has also referred to a sacrificial grove. Still, the use of the word ''paha'' in Finnish toponyms is not unheard of, as Pyhäjärvi Ul has also been known as ''Pahajärvi''.

Declension

In standard Finnish, only the word ''maa'' in the name is subject to declension (e.g. the genitive is ''Pyhämaan''), but locally the word ''pyhä'' is also affected (e.g. the inessive is ''Pyhäsmaas'', standard ''Pyhässämaassa'').

History

The first permanent settlers came to Pyhämaa in the 11th century.

Pyhämaa was initially a part of the Laitila parish. It was first mentioned in 1540 as ''Pyhema''. Pyhämaa became a separate parish in 1639. The chapel community of Rohdainen was established in 1688, becoming the center of the parish in 1782. Pyhämaa was also called ''Pyhämaan Luoto'' at that time, while the main parish was called ''Pyhämaan Rohdainen''. The areas of Kammela, Edväinen and Kukainen were transferred from Kalanti to Pyhämaan Luoto in 1863. Pyhämaa became separate again in 1908, while Rohdainen was renamed Pyhäranta, a name that was likely invented by the skipper Kustaa Aaltonen from the village of Hirslahti. ''Rohdainen'' is still the name of Pyhäranta's main village. Another part of Kalanti was transferred to Pyhämaa in 1942, including Raulio and Torlahti on the mainland.

The main island of Pyhämaa was connected to the mainland in 1891 after a bridge was built over the Katarauma strait.

In 1974, Pyhämaa was consolidated with Uusikaupunki as Neste Oy was planning to establish a refinery there. However, the refinery was never established.

Churches

Early churches

The oldest confirmed church was likely built by Franciscan monks from Rauma fleeing the Reformation.

Old church

The old church, called ''uhrikirkko'', was built in the 17th century. The inner walls have wall paintings, made by Christian Wilbrandt in 1667. After the new church was finished in 1804, the old church was used as a storage. The church was renovated in 1935 and has been in use again.

New church

The new church was built next to the old one in 1804 as the old church had fallen into disrepair. The modern shape of the church is the result of a renovation done in 1908, in which the top of the bell tower was changed.

Services

School

Pyhämaa has a school for grades 1–6 (''ala-aste''), also including a preschool (''esikoulu''). In the school year 2022-2023, the school had 27 students.

Activities

Pamprinniemi in the northwestern part of Pyhämaa is maintained as a protected nature area by the parish of Pyhämaa. It contains a 4,5 km long nature path.

References

{{FinlandProper

Uusikaupunki
Former municipalities of Finland