, image =
, caption =
, reign = 29 March 1367 – October 1375
, coronation =
, succession =
Viceroy of Toungoo
, predecessor =
Theingaba (as king)
, successor =
Ma Sein (as vassal of Pegu)
, suc-type = Successor
, reg-type = Monarch
, regent =
Swa Saw Ke
, spouse = Soe Min
, issue =
Pyanchi II (son)
unnamed daughter
, issue-link =
, issue-pipe =
, full name =
, house =
, father =
Theingaba
, mother =
, birth_date = ?
, birth_place =
Toungoo
Taungoo (, ''Tauñngu myoú''; ; also spelled Toungoo) is a district-level city in the Bago Region of Myanmar, 220 km from Yangon, towards the north-eastern end of the division, with mountain ranges to the east and west. The main industry ...
(Taungoo)
, death_date = October 1375
late
Thadingyut
Thadingyut ( my, သီတင်းကျွတ်) is the seventh month of the traditional Burmese calendar.
Myanmar term "thadin" (သီတင်း) means the Buddhist Lent (Vassa), which spans the three preceding lunar months and is the tradi ...
/ early
Tazaungmon
Tazaungmon ( my, တန်ဆောင်မုန်း; also spelt Tazaungmone) is the eighth month of the traditional Burmese calendar.
Festivals and observances
* Kahtein (Thadingyut - Tazaungmon)
*Full moon of Tazaungmon
** Tazaungdaing Fest ...
737
ME
, death_place = near
Prome
Pyay (, ; mnw, ပြန် , ; also known as Prome and Pyè) is principal town of Pyay Township in the Bago Region in Myanmar. Pyay is located on the bank of the Irrawaddy River, north-west of Yangon. It is an important trade center for the Aye ...
(Pyay)
, date of burial =
, place of burial =
, religion =
Theravada Buddhism
''Theravāda'' () ( si, ථේරවාදය, my, ထေရဝါဒ, th, เถรวาท, km, ថេរវាទ, lo, ເຖຣະວາດ, pi, , ) is the most commonly accepted name of Buddhism's oldest existing school. The school' ...
, signature =
Pyanchi I ( my, ပျံချီ, ; formally Anawrahta) was
viceroy of Toungoo (Taungoo) from 1367 to 1375. He ruled the region like a sovereign king. But when he tried to revolt with
Hanthawaddy's help in 1375, his nominal overlord King
Swa Saw Ke of
Ava had him assassinated near
Prome
Pyay (, ; mnw, ပြန် , ; also known as Prome and Pyè) is principal town of Pyay Township in the Bago Region in Myanmar. Pyay is located on the bank of the Irrawaddy River, north-west of Yangon. It is an important trade center for the Aye ...
(Pyay).
Brief
When his father King
Theingaba of Toungoo died on 29 March 1367, Pyanchi was in exile at
Pegu
Bago (formerly spelt Pegu; , ), formerly known as Hanthawaddy, is a city and the capital of the Bago Region in Myanmar. It is located north-east of Yangon.
Etymology
The Burmese name Bago (ပဲခူး) is likely derived from the Mon langua ...
(Bago) in the
Mon-speaking
Kingdom of Hanthawaddy. Though he had been estranged from his father, Pyanchi returned to his native
Toungoo
Taungoo (, ''Tauñngu myoú''; ; also spelled Toungoo) is a district-level city in the Bago Region of Myanmar, 220 km from Yangon, towards the north-eastern end of the division, with mountain ranges to the east and west. The main industry ...
(Taungoo), and took over the throne with the royal style of A-Saw Myat-Swa Nawrahta.
[Sein Lwin Lay 2006: 22−23]
By then, Toungoo was back to the petty state that it once was before Theingaba set out to expand the former vassal state of
Pinya
Pinya ( my, ပင်းယ), or Vijayapura, was the capital of the Kingdom of Pinya, located near Ava, Mandalay Region, Myanmar. It was the residence of the Pinya dynasty who ruled this part of central Myanmar from 1313 to 1365.Hmannan Vol. 1 20 ...
in 1358. Theingaba, the first ruler of Toungoo to have successfully stayed independent, had been at war with
Ava since 1365, and had been on the defensive. Ava had retaken the
Pyinmana
Pyinmana (, ; population: 100,000 (2006 estimate)) is a logging town and sugarcane refinery center in the Naypyidaw Union Territory of Myanmar. The administrative capital of Myanmar was officially moved to a militarized greenfield site (which the ...
region from Toungoo since 1365−66, and defeated Toungoo's neighboring state
Taungdwingyi
Taungdwingyi ( my, တောင်တွင်းကြီး ) is a town located in Magway Region, Myanmar.
Town scape
The town is divided into ten main quarters. They are Ohndaw Quarter 1, Ohndaw Quarter 2, Taungbyin Quarter 1, Taungbyin Qua ...
as Pyanchi took over Toungoo.
[Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 398−400] With Ava forces closing in, Pyanchi submitted to Ava.
[Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 405]
As with those by previous Toungoo rulers, Pyanchi's submission was nominal. With Ava still firming up its borders with its neighboring states in the first half of the 1370s,
[Ava established the southern border with Hanthawaddy in 1370/71 per (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 407−408); the western border with Arakan in 1373/74 per (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 410−411); the northern border by going to war with the northern Shan state of ]Mong Mao
Mong may refer to:
People
*A proposed original name for the Hmong people, based on the main group, the Mong community
*Bob Mong (), American journalist and academic administrator
* Henry Mong (), American surgeon and Presbyterian missionary
* Mong ...
in 1371−73 (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 409−410); and the eastern border with Lan Na in 1374/75 (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 413). Pyanchi essentially ruled his fiefdom like a sovereign king. When he saw that Ava had its hands full with the northern
Shan states
The Shan States (1885–1948) were a collection of minor Shan kingdoms called '' muang'' whose rulers bore the title ''saopha'' in British Burma. They were analogous to the princely states of British India.
The term "Shan States" was fi ...
(1371−73), he began contemplating a rebellion.
[Hmannan Vol. 2: 164] He had kept up his close ties with Pegu, and sought military assistance from Pegu when Ava and Lan Na, the kingdom east of Toungoo, moved closer to war in 1374. Though King
Binnya U
Binnya U ( mnw, ဗညာဥူ, my, ဗညားဦး, ; also known as Hsinbyushin; 1323–1384) was king of Martaban–Hanthawaddy from 1348 to 1384. His reign was marked by several internal rebellions and external conflicts. He survived th ...
of Pegu had agreed to a non-aggression pact with King Swa Saw Ke of Ava in 1370, the Hanthawaddy ruler sent a sizable force consisting of infantry, cavalry and war elephants to Toungoo.
[Sein Lwin Lay 2006: 23]
At
Ava (Inwa), Swa was not yet willing to go to war with Pegu over Toungoo. Instead, the king sought another way, and enlisted his brother Gov.
Saw Yan Naung of Prome's help. In 1375, Yan Naung proposed a
marriage of state A marriage of state is a diplomatic marriage or union between two members of different nation-states or internally, between two power blocs, usually in authoritarian societies and is a practice which dates back into ancient times, as far back as ear ...
between his daughter and Pyanchi's son,
Pyanchi II, with the marriage ceremony to be held in
Prome
Pyay (, ; mnw, ပြန် , ; also known as Prome and Pyè) is principal town of Pyay Township in the Bago Region in Myanmar. Pyay is located on the bank of the Irrawaddy River, north-west of Yangon. It is an important trade center for the Aye ...
(Pyay).
[ Pyanchi understood the proposal of marriage to be the first step toward joint rebellion against Ava. A Toungoo−Prome axis backed by Pegu would form a formidable Lower Burma bulwark against Central Burma-based Ava. Pyanchi agreed to the proposal, and went to Prome with a small battalion. It was a trap. The Toungoo contingent was ambushed near Prome, and Pyanchi was killed although his son and son-in-law both escaped.][Htin Aung 1967: 87][Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 414] It was October 1375.[Based on chronicle reporting, the ambush took place either between 30 March 1375 and December 1375, or between 30 March 1375 and August 1375. Main chronicles (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 335) and (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 164−165) as well as the regional '' Toungoo Yazawin'' chronicle (Sein Lwin Lay 2006: 23−24) say that Pyanchi and his successor Ma Sein both died in 747 ME (30 March 1375 to 28 March 1376) within a period of either 3 or 7 months. ''Hmannan'' and ''Yazawin Thit'' say 3 months while ''Toungoo Yazawin'' says 7 months. This appears to be another case of mis-copying 3 for 7 (or less probably, vice versa); the Burmese numerals "၃" (3) and "၇" (7) in longhand are quite similar, and can easily be mis-copied. ]
Furthermore, all chronicles say that Pyanchi was lured to Prome on the promise on a marriage between Pyanchi's son and Yan Naung's daughter. This wedding would most likely have been scheduled after the Buddhist Lent, which ended on 10 October 1375 that year, and probably after the rainy season—i.e. late October 1375, or early November 1375.
At Toungoo, Ma Sein, the commander of the Peguan army stationed there seized the throne, and held out for three months.[Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 335]
Notes
References
Bibliography
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Ava dynasty
1375 deaths