Purulia Sadar subdivision
Purulia Sadar subdivision is a subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India.
History
Purulia district was divided into four subdivisions, viz., Purulia Sadar, Manbazar, Jhalda and Raghunathpur, with effect from 6 April 20 ...
of the
Purulia district
Purulia district (Pron: puruliːaː) is one of the twenty-three districts of West Bengal state in Eastern India. Purulia is the administrative headquarters of the district. Some of the other important towns of Purulia district are Raghunathpur- ...
in the
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
n
state
State may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media Literature
* ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State
* ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States
* ''Our S ...
of
West Bengal
West Bengal (, Bengali: ''Poshchim Bongo'', , abbr. WB) is a state in the eastern portion of India. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal, along with a population of over 91 million inhabitants within an area of . West Bengal is the fourt ...
.
History
Background
The Jaina Bhagavati-Sutra of the 5th century AD mentions that Purulia was one of the sixteen mahajanapadas and was a part of the kingdom known as Vajra-bhumi in ancient times. In 1833, the Manbhum district was carved out of the
Jungle Mahals
Jungle Mahals, ( jungle estates) was a district formed by British possessions and some independent chiefdoms lying between Birbhum, Bankura, Midnapore and the hilly country of Chota Nagpur in what is now the Indian state of West Bengal.O’Malle ...
district, with the headquarters at Manbazar. In 1838, the headquarters was transferred to
Purulia
Purulia is a city and a municipality in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of the Purulia district. It is located on the north of the Kangsabati River.
Geography
Location
Purulia is located at . It has an average elev ...
. After independence, when Manbhum district was a part of
Bihar
Bihar (; ) is a state in eastern India. It is the 2nd largest state by population in 2019, 12th largest by area of , and 14th largest by GDP in 2021. Bihar borders Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Be ...
, efforts were made to impose Hindi on the Bengali-speaking majority of the district and it led to the
Bengali Language Movement (Manbhum)
The Language Movement in Manbhum was a movement in Manbhum district, present day Purulia district of West Bengal state, during the late 1940s to mid-1950s, to fight for the mother tongue which is a variation of Bengali language and to protest the ...
. In 1956, the Manbhum district was partitioned between Bihar and West Bengal under the States Reorganization Act and the Bihar and West Bengal (Transfer of Territories) Act 1956.
Geography
Golamara, a constituent panchayat of Purulia II block, is located at .
The Purulia II CD block is located in the central part of the district. The
Kangsabati River
Kangsabati River (Pron:) (also variously known as the Kãsai and Cossye) rises from the Chota Nagpur plateau in the state of West Bengal, India and passes through the districts of Purulia, Bankura, Paschim Medinipur and Purba Medinipur in West ...
forms the boundary between the Purulia II and
Purulia I
Purulia is a city and a municipality in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of the Purulia district. It is located on the north of the Kangsabati River.
Geography
Location
Purulia is located at . It has an average elev ...
CD blocks. The upper Kangsabati basin has undulating land and the elevation rises from 200 to 300 m and the general slope is from west to east and south-east.
The Purulia II CD block is bounded by the
Para
Para, or PARA, may refer to:
Businesses and organizations
* Paramount Global, traded as PARA on the Nasdaq stock exchange
* Para Group, the former name of CT Corp
* Para Rubber, now Skellerup, a New Zealand manufacturer
* Para USA, formerly ...
CD block, on the north, the
Hura
Hura, or Houra ( he, חוּרָה, ar, حورة) is a Bedouin town in the Southern District of Israel. It is located near Beersheba and beside the town Meitar. The town was established in 1989 as a part of solution offered by the state for the ...
CD block, on the east, the
Purulia I
Purulia is a city and a municipality in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of the Purulia district. It is located on the north of the Kangsabati River.
Geography
Location
Purulia is located at . It has an average elev ...
CD block on the south and a part of the west and the
Chandankiyari
Chandnakiyari is a suburb in Bokaro, Jharkhand, India. It is a village in the Chandankiyari CD block in the Chas subdivision of the Bokaro district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It is planned to be a part of Greater Bokaro. It is also a ...
CD block, in the Bokaro district of Jharkhand, on the west.
The Purulia II CD block has an area of 310.10 km2. It has 1 panchayat samity, 9
gram panchayat
Gram Panchayat () is a basic village-governing institute in Indian villages. It is a democratic structure at the grass-roots level in India. It is a political institute, acting as cabinet of the village. The Gram Sabha work as the general bod ...
s, 114 gram sansads (village councils), 116
mouza
In Bangladesh, Pakistan and parts of India a mouza or mauza (also mouja) is a type of administrative district, corresponding to a specific land area within which there may be one or more settlements. Before the 20th century, the term referred to a ...
s, 101 inhabited villages and 2 census towns. Purulia (Muffasil) (partly) and Purulia (Town) (partly) police stations serve this block. Headquarters of this CD Block is at Village –
Bongabari
Bongabari is a village in the Purulia II CD block in the Purulia Sadar subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India.
Geography
Location
Bongabari is located at .
Area overview
Purulia district forms the lowest step ...
, PO – Vivekanandanagar.
Gram panchayat
Gram Panchayat () is a basic village-governing institute in Indian villages. It is a democratic structure at the grass-roots level in India. It is a political institute, acting as cabinet of the village. The Gram Sabha work as the general bod ...
s of the Purulia II block/
panchayat samiti
Panchayat samiti is a rural local government (panchayat) body at the intermediate tehsil (taluka/mandal) level in India. It works for the villages of the tehsil that together are called a development block. It has been said to be the "panchayat ...
2011 Census of India
The 2011 Census of India or the 15th Indian Census was conducted in two phases, house listing and population enumeration. The House listing phase began on 1 April 2010 and involved the collection of information about all buildings. Information ...
, the Purulia II CD block had a total population of 169,488, of which 157,862 were rural and 11,626 were urban. There were 86,462 (51%) males and 83,026 (49%) females. There were 25,437 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The
Scheduled Castes
The Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) are officially designated groups of people and among the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups in India. The terms are recognized in the Constitution of India and the groups are designa ...
numbered 46,039 (27.16%) and the
Scheduled Tribes
The Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) are officially designated groups of people and among the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups in India. The terms are recognized in the Constitution of India and the groups are designa ...
numbered 8,213 (4.85%).
According to the 2001 census, the Purulia II block had a total population of 142,700, out of which 73,407 were males and 69,293 were females. The Purulia II block registered a population growth of 16.50 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the Purulia district was 13.96 per cent. Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.
Census Town
In India and some other countries, a census town is designated as a town that satisfies certain characteristics.
India
In India, a census town is one which is not statutorily notified and administered as a town, but nevertheless whose population ...
s in the Purulia II CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets):
Raghabpur
Raghabpur is a census town and a gram panchayat in the Purulia II CD block in the Purulia Sadar subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India.
Geography
Location Ramchondropur
Ramchondropur is l ...
(5,748) and
Hutmura
Hutmura is a census town and a gram panchayat in the Purulia II CD block in the Purulia Sadar subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India.
Geography
Location
Hutmura is located at .
Area overv ...
(5,878).
Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in the Purulia II CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets):
Bongabari
Bongabari is a village in the Purulia II CD block in the Purulia Sadar subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India.
Geography
Location
Bongabari is located at .
Area overview
Purulia district forms the lowest step ...
(4,215), Sihuli (4,551) and Chharra (6,131).
Other villages in the Purulia II CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Pindra (2,512), Bhangra (2,824), Belma (2,773), Dumdumi (3,768), Ghongha (3,803), Golamara (2,954),
Hatuara
Hatuara is a village in the Purulia II CD block in the Purulia Sadar subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India.
Geography
Location
Hatuara is located at .
Area overview
Purulia district forms the ...
(2,343) and Agoa (471).
Literacy
According to the 2011 census the total number of literate persons in the Purulia II CD block was 91,314 (63.39% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 56,377 (76.72% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 34,937 (49.51%) of the female population over 6 years). The
gender disparity
Sex differences in humans have been studied in a variety of fields. Sex determination occurs by the presence or absence of a Y in the 23rd pair of chromosomes in the human genome. Phenotypic sex refers to an individual's sex as determined by the ...
Bengali
Bengali or Bengalee, or Bengalese may refer to:
*something of, from, or related to Bengal, a large region in South Asia
* Bengalis, an ethnic and linguistic group of the region
* Bengali language, the language they speak
** Bengali alphabet, the w ...
was the mother tongue for 76.6% of the population of the district, followed by Santali 11.4%, Kurmali Thar 7.7%,
Hindi
Hindi (Devanāgarī: or , ), or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: ), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in the Hindi Belt region encompassing parts of northern, central, eastern, and western India. Hindi has been de ...
Telugu
Telugu may refer to:
* Telugu language, a major Dravidian language of India
*Telugu people, an ethno-linguistic group of India
* Telugu script, used to write the Telugu language
** Telugu (Unicode block), a block of Telugu characters in Unicode
S ...
0.2%,
Odia
Odia, also spelled Oriya or Odiya, may refer to:
* Odia people in Odisha, India
* Odia language, an Indian language, belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family
* Odia alphabet, a writing system used for the Odia languag ...
0.1%, Mundari 0.1% and other languages 0.4%.
There is a tribal presence in many of the CD blocks of the district. Santali was spoken by around 14% of the population of the earlier Manbhum district. Some people also speak Mundari or
Kolarian Kolarian is a word first used by George Campbell. He described it as one of the three non-Aryan language families of India, which he made up, along with the Tibeto-Burman and the Dravidian. It is group of Munda languages of Austro-asiatic languages ...
languages such as
Kurmali
Kurmali or Kudmali (ISO: Kuṛmāli) is an Indo-Aryan language classified as belonging to the Bihari group of languages spoken in eastern India. As a trade dialect, it is also known as Panchpargania (Bengali: পঞ্চপরগনিয় ...
Mahli
The Mahli are a community in the Indian states of Jharkhand, Odisha
Odisha (English: , ), formerly Orissa ( the official name until 2011), is an Indian state located in Eastern India. It is the 8th largest state by area, and the 11th ...
communities.
In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 141,656 and formed 83.57% of the population in the Purulia II CD block. Muslims numbered 13,776 and formed 8.13% of the population. Christians numbered 77 and formed 0.05% of the population. Others numbered 13,979 and formed 8.25% of the population. Others include Addi Bassi, Marang Boro, Santal, Saranath, Sari Dharma, Sarna, Alchchi, Bidin, Sant, Saevdharm, Seran, Saran, Sarin, Kheria, and other religious communities.
Rural Poverty
According to the Rural Household Survey in 2005, 32.85% of total number of families were BPL families in Purulia district. According to a World Bank report, as of 2012, 31-38% of the population in Purulia, Murshidabad and Uttar Dinajpur districts were below poverty level, the highest among the districts of West Bengal, which had an average 20% of the population below poverty line.
Economy
Livelihood
In the Purulia II CD block in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 12,935 and formed 17.58%, agricultural labourers numbered 26,245 and formed 37.38%, household industry workers numbered 4,137 and formed 5.89% and other workers numbered 27,487 and formed 39.15%. Total workers numbered 70,212 and formed 41.43% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 99,276 and formed 58.56% of the population.
Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the Factories Act. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.
Infrastructure
There are 101 inhabited villages in the Purulia II CD block, as per the ''District Census Handbook'', Puruliya, 2011. 100% villages have power supply. 95 villages (94.06%) have drinking water supply. 25 villages (24.75%) have post offices. 85 villages (84.16%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 31 villages (30.69%) have pucca (paved) approach roads and 46 villages (45.54%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 4 villages (3.96%) have agricultural credit societies and 8 villages (7.92%) have banks.
Agriculture
In 2013-14, persons engaged in agriculture in the Purulia II CD block could be classified as follows:
bargadar
Sharecropping is a legal arrangement with regard to agricultural land in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on that land.
Sharecropping has a long history and there are a wide range ...
s 2.24%, patta (document) holders 7.22%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 3.61%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 19.00% and agricultural labourers 67.92%.
In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in the Purulia II CD block was 7,221.37 hectares, out of which 2,378 hectares were by canals, 4,141.91 hectares by tank water, 49.66 hectares by river lift irrigation, 186.80 hectares by open dug wells and 465.00 hectares by other means.
In 2013-14, the Purulia II CD block produced 2,668 tonnes of Aman paddy, the main winter crop from 1,795 hectares. It also produced wheat, maskalai, mustard and potatoes.
Banking
In 2013-14, the Purulia II CD block had offices of 8 commercial banks and 1 gramin bank.
Backward Regions Grant Fund
The Purulia district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the
Backward Regions Grant Fund
Backward or Backwards is a relative direction.
Backwards or Sdrawkcab (the word "backwards" with its letters reversed) may also refer to:
* "Backwards" (''Red Dwarf''), episode of sci-fi TV sitcom ''Red Dwarf''
** ''Backwards'' (novel), a nov ...
. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal.
Transport
In 2013-14, the Purulia II CD block had 6 originating/ terminating bus routes.
The State Highway 5 running from Rupnarayanpur (in the Paschim Bardhaman district) to Junput (in the Purba Medinipur district) passes through this CD block.
The Adra-Chandil section of the Asansol-Tatanagar-Kharagpur line of the South Eastern Railway passes through this CD block and there is a station at Charra.
Education
In 2013-14, the Purulia II CD block had 149 primary schools with 18,147 students, 23 middle schools with 1,588 students, 7 high schools with 3,534 students and 17 higher secondary schools with 18,024 students. The Purulia II CD block had 2 professional/ technical institutions with 977 students and 225 institutions with 10,461 students for special and non-formal education. Purulia city (outside the CD block) had a university, 2 general colleges and 5 professional/ technical institutions.
See also –
Education in India
Education in India is primarily managed by state-run public education system, which fall under the command of the government at three levels: central, state and local. Under various articles of the Indian Constitution and the Right of Child ...
According to the 2011 census, in Purulia II CD block, amongst the 101 inhabited villages, 2 villages did not have a school, 47 villages had two or more primary schools, 23 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 15 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.
Healthcare
In 2014, the Purulia II CD block had 1 block primary health centre, 3 primary health centres and 1 private nursing home with total 40 beds and 4 doctors. 3,791 patients were treated indoor and 203,229 patients were treated outdoor in the health centres and subcentres of the CD Block.
Kushtor Rural Hospital, with 30 beds at Kustor, is the major government medical facility in the Purulia II CD block. There are primary health centres at
Hutmura
Hutmura is a census town and a gram panchayat in the Purulia II CD block in the Purulia Sadar subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India.
Geography
Location
Hutmura is located at .
Area overv ...