The Purus were a
Rigvedic tribe
This is a list of ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes that are mentioned in the literature of Indic religions.
From the second or first millennium BCE, ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes turned into most of the population in the northern p ...
or a confederation of tribes. There were several factions of Purus, one being the
Bharatas. The Purus and the Bharatas were the two most prominent tribes in most of the
Rigveda
The ''Rigveda'' or ''Rig Veda'' ( ', from ' "praise" and ' "knowledge") is an ancient Indian collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns (''sūktas''). It is one of the four sacred canonical Hindu texts (''śruti'') known as the Vedas. Only one Sh ...
.
The Purus rallied many other groups against King
Sudas
Sudās Paijavana ( sa, सुदास्) was an Indo-Aryan tribal king of the Bharatas, during the main or middle Rigvedic period (c. 14th century BCE). He led his tribe to victory in the Battle of the Ten Kings near the Paruṣṇī (mod ...
of the Bharata, but were defeated in the
Battle of the Ten Kings
The Battle of the Ten Kings ( sa, दाशराज्ञ युद्ध, translit=Dāśarājñá yuddhá) is a battle, first alluded to in the 7th Mandala of the Rigveda (RV), between a Bharata king and a confederation of tribes. It resulte ...
(RV 7.18, etc.).
Etymology
The name ''Puru'' is of possible Indo-Aryan origin.
Rigveda
In
Mandala 6
The sixth Mandala of the Rigveda has 75 hymns, mainly to Agni and Indra. Most hymns in this book are attributed to the ' family of Angirasas, especially to Bharadvaja. It is one of the "family books" (mandalas 2–7), the oldest core of the Rigved ...
, it is recalled that Purukutsa, chieftain of Purus, had destroyed autumnal forts in the Afghan mountains.
In Mandala 4, it is stated that as a result of his
Ashvamedha
The Ashvamedha ( sa, अश्वमेध, aśvamedha, translit-std=IAST) was a horse sacrifice ritual followed by the Śrauta tradition of Vedic religion. It was used by ancient Indian kings to prove their imperial sovereignty: a horse accomp ...
(Horse Sacrifice) with the horse Daurgaha, his son Trasadasyu was born.
In
Mandala 4
The fourth Mandala of the Rigveda has 58 hymns, mainly to Agni and Indra. It is one of the "family books" (mandalas 2–7), the oldest core of the Rigveda, which were composed in early vedic period(1500-1000 BCE).
The Rigveda Anukramani attribut ...
, Trasadasyu is the chieftain of the Purus. In addition to being the son of Purukutsa, Trasadasyu is also described as Gairikṣita, meaning descendant of Girikṣit.
Trasadasyu lived on the western side of the
Indus River (Sindhu) while Mandala 4 was being composed, but he also moved into the land of
Seven Rivers and defeated the
Anu-
Druhyus
This is a list of ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes that are mentioned in the literature of Indic religions.
From the second or first millennium BCE, ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes turned into most of the population in the northern p ...
and
Yadu
This is a list of ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes that are mentioned in the literature of Indic religions.
From the second or first millennium BCE, ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes turned into most of the population in the northern p ...
-
Turvashas. He molded the conquered tribes and the Purus into the
Pancha-janah
This is a list of ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes that are mentioned in the literature of Indic religions.
From the second or first millennium BCE, ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes turned into most of the population in the northern p ...
(Five Peoples). To celebrate his victory he conducted an Ashvamedha with his horse, Dadhrikā. Dadhrikā is extolled in RV 4.38-40, and in these hymns, Dadhrikā is stated to have become a divine being, the sacrificial horse of the Ashvamedha, and a symbol of Puru and Indo-Aryan dominance. Trasadasyu's son was Tṛkṣi.
Scholars who adhere to
Hermann Grassmann's interpretation of Rigveda 7.92.2 state that by
Mandala 7
The seventh Mandala of the Rigveda ("book 7", "RV 7") has 104 hymns. In the Rigveda Anukramani, all hymns in this book are attributed to ''Vashista''. Hymn 32 is additionally credited to Sakti Vashista, and hymns 101-102 (to Parjanya) are addi ...
, the Purus had reached the
Sarasvati river
The Sarasvati River () is a deified river first mentioned in the Rigveda and later in Vedic and post-Vedic texts. It played an important role in the Vedic religion, appearing in all but the fourth book of the Rigveda.
As a physical river, i ...
.
Claimants
Later rulers may have claimed lineage to the Puru clan to bolster their legitimacy. Modern scholars conjecture that
Porus
Porus or Poros ( grc, Πῶρος ; 326–321 BC) was an ancient Indian king whose territory spanned the region between the Jhelum River (Hydaspes) and Chenab River (Acesines), in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent. He is only ment ...
may have been a Puru king. However, Porus is not known in Indian sources.
See also
*
List of Indian monarchs
The following list of Indian monarchs is one of several lists of incumbents. It includes those said to have ruled a portion of the Indian subcontinent, including Sri Lanka.
The earliest Indian rulers are known from epigraphical sources fo ...
Notes
References
*
* {{cite book , last=Prakash , first=Buddha , year=1964 , title=Political and Social Movements in Ancient Panjab , publisher=M. Banarsidass , location=Delhi, Patna, Varanasi , url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nqo_AAAAIAAJ&dq=puri+puru+aryan+veda&q=puri&pgis=1#search , ref=Bud64 , page=77
Rigvedic tribes
Indo-Aryan peoples