The Pura Mangkunegaran (, ) is a palace complex in the city of
Surakarta, Central Java
Surakarta ( jv, ꦯꦸꦫꦏꦂꦠ), known colloquially as Solo ( jv, ꦱꦭ; ), is a city in Central Java, Indonesia. The 44 km2 (16.2 sq mi) city adjoins Karanganyar Regency and Boyolali Regency to the north, Karanganyar Regency and Sukoh ...
, Indonesia. It is the official palace and residence of the Duke of
Mangkunegara
The Duchy of Mangkunegaran ( id, Kadipaten Mangkunegaran) is a small Javanese princely state located within the region of Surakarta in Indonesia.
It was established in 1757 by Raden Mas Said, when he submitted his army to Pakubuwono III in F ...
and his family. The palace complex is one of the centers of
Javanese culture
Javanese culture is the culture of the Javanese people.
Javanese culture is centered in the provinces of Central Java, Yogyakarta and East Java in Indonesia. Due to various migrations, it can also be found in other parts of the world, such as ...
and contains a museum exhibiting royal artifacts of Mangkunegaran.
History
The palace complex was built in
1757
Events
January–March
* January 2 – Seven Years' War: The British Army, under the command of Robert Clive, captures Calcutta, India.
* January 5 – Robert-François Damiens makes an unsuccessful assassination attempt ...
(
AJ 1690) following the style of
Kraton by the command of
Mangkunegara I
Mangkunegara I, also known as Pangeran Sambernyawa ("''Life Reaping Prince''"), (born Raden Mas Said, 7 April 1725 – 1796) was the first ruler of Mangkunegaran in Java in the eighteenth century.
Personal life
Mangkunegara was given the nic ...
, the first Duke of
Mangkunegaran
The Duchy of Mangkunegaran ( id, Kadipaten Mangkunegaran) is a small Javanese princely state located within the region of Surakarta in Indonesia.
It was established in 1757 by Raden Mas Said, when he submitted his army to Pakubuwono III in Fe ...
.
This royal palace was built after the Treaty of Salatiga was signed by
Mangkunegara I
Mangkunegara I, also known as Pangeran Sambernyawa ("''Life Reaping Prince''"), (born Raden Mas Said, 7 April 1725 – 1796) was the first ruler of Mangkunegaran in Java in the eighteenth century.
Personal life
Mangkunegara was given the nic ...
,
Hamengkubuwana I,
Pakubuwana III
Pakubuwono III (also transliterated Pakubuwana III) (1732 – 1788) was the third Susuhunan (ruler of Surakarta). Also known as ''Sinuhun Paliyan Negari ''He was proclaimed by the Dutch as ruler of Mataram in 1749, but when the state was div ...
, and the
VOC
VOC, VoC or voc may refer to:
Science and technology
* Open-circuit voltage (VOC), the voltage between two terminals when there is no external load connected
* Variant of concern, a category used during the assessment of a new variant of a virus
...
on March 1757. The treaty initiated the creation of the Duchy of Mangkunegaran and the investiture of Mangkunegara I as the first ruler.
Like any other
palaces
A palace is a grand residence, especially a royal residence, or the home of a head of state or some other high-ranking dignitary, such as a bishop or archbishop. The word is derived from the Latin name palātium, for Palatine Hill in Rome whic ...
in Java, The Pura Mangkunegaran had experienced several renovation, rejuvenation, changes on its parts and structures, and also addition of popular
European style on its architecture during the Dutch colonization.
Architecture
![Taman Pura Mangkunegaran](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Taman_Pura_Mangkunegaran.JPG)
The architecture of the Pura Mangkunegaran has similar features of other
kratons in Surakarta and Yogyakarta, it has various features such as
courtyard
A courtyard or court is a circumscribed area, often surrounded by a building or complex, that is open to the sky.
Courtyards are common elements in both Western and Eastern building patterns and have been used by both ancient and contemporary ...
(''pamédan''),
hall
In architecture, a hall is a relatively large space enclosed by a roof and walls. In the Iron Age and early Middle Ages in northern Europe, a mead hall was where a lord and his retainers ate and also slept. Later in the Middle Ages, the gr ...
(''pendapa''),
vestibule or antechamber (''pringgitan''), main house (''dalem''), and
harem
Harem (Persian: حرمسرا ''haramsarā'', ar, حَرِيمٌ ''ḥarīm'', "a sacred inviolable place; harem; female members of the family") refers to domestic spaces that are reserved for the women of the house in a Muslim family. A hare ...
or private apartment (''keputrèn''). Almost all the Pura Mangkunegaran complex is surrounded by a wall, an exception for the courtyard (''pamédan'') which is surrounded by iron fence only. The courtyard itself was and is still occasionally used as a training ground for the Mangkunegaran Legion troops. On the east of the courtyard, there is the headquarters of the infantry and cavalry troops of Mangkunegaran Legion which had a fortress-like building.
The second gate of the Pura Mangkunegaran leads to the inner courtyard and the Grand Hall (''Pendopo Ageng'') which measures . The Grand Hall of the Pura Mangkunegaran can host five to ten thousand people, and it is considered as the largest hall in Indonesia. The wooden pillars of the Grand Hall are square-shaped and made of woods from the Kethu Forest trees (''Alas Kethu'') which is located in
Wonogiri
Wonogiri Regency is a regency () in the southeastern part of Central Java province in Indonesia. It covers an area of 1,822.36 km2, and its population was 928,904 at the 2010 Census and 1,096,138 at the 2020 Census. The capital and largest t ...
and was one of the regions owned by the Duchy of Mangkunegaran. All parts of the Grand Hall building was constructed without using any nails as its fastener.
The major colors of this hall are green, yellow, and chartreuse (''Pareanom'') which are the royal colors of the Duchy of Mangkunegaran. The bright color of the Grand Hall ceiling symbolizes Hindu-Javanese astrology which is closely attached to the culture of Mataram dynasty. The ceiling of the Grand Hall also has some antique chandeliers. In the early era of the Duchy of Mangkunegaran, people who attended the Grand Hall usually sat cross-legged on the floor. Then during the reign of
Mangkunegara VI
Mangkunegara VI (1 March 1857 – 1916) was the prince of Mangkunegaran from 1896 to 1916.
History Early life
His original name was R.M. Suyitno. He was the fourth son of Mangkunegara IV. He was born to Raden Ayu Dunuk. He was the grandson o ...
, the use of chair was introduced. Inside the Grand Hall, there are several sacred gamelan, those are gamelan of ''Kyai Seton'', gamelan of ''Kyai Kanyut Mesem'', and gamelan of ''Lipur Sari'', each of these gamelan are played only on special or specific occasions.
Behind the Grand Hall, there is an open veranda which called ''Pringgitan'' and has stairs that leads to the main house (''Dalem Ageng''). This veranda measures 1.000 m² and it is used as a place for shadow puppet show.
The ''Pringgitan'' leads to the main house (''Dalem Ageng''), it is a pyramid-shaped building with an area of ±. Traditionally, this main house was used as the bridechamber of the royal duke and duchess, but these days this building is functioned as a museum that exhibits several royal artifacts of Mangkunegaran, pictures of the dukes of Mangkunegaran, the royal attires and clothes, medals, royal jewelry, shadow puppet equipments, coins, ''petanen'' (a residing place of
Dewi Sri
Dewi Sri or Shridevi (Javanese language, Javanese: ꦢꦺꦮꦶꦱꦿꦶ, Balinese language, Balinese: ᬤᬾᬯᬶᬲ᭄ᬭᬶ, Dewi Sri)(Sundanese language, Sundanese: ᮑᮄ ᮕᮧᮠᮎᮤ ᮞᮀᮠᮡᮀ ᮃᮞᮢᮤ, Nyai Pohaci Sanghyang ...
), and many other art objects.
Behind the main house (''Dalem Ageng''), there is ''Keputrèn'' which roughly translated as a harem. Traditionally, it was used as the residence of the royal consort(s) and princesses. However now, the ''Keputrèn'' is used as the private apartment or residence for the duke and his family. This part of the Pura Mangkunegaran has a garden with various plants, flowers, ornamental shrubs, bird cages, fountain pool, and some classical European-style statues.
Facing the garden, there is also ''Pracimoyasa'', a living room with octagonal shape which functioned as a meeting room. Inside of the room has some European furniture and gold-framed mirrors on the wall.
The Pura Mangkunagaran complex also has a library called the Rekso Pustoko Library (') built on
1867 by
Mangkunegara IV
Mangkunegara IV (1809–1881) was the fourth ruler of Mangkunegaran, a principality based in Surakarta, Java, ruling from 1853 to 1881. He was son-in-law of Mangkunegara III. His title before ascending was Prince Adipati Prangwedana III.
During ...
.
The library is located on the second floor of Palace Affairs Office situated on the left of the courtyard (''pamèdan''). This library has some of the valuable historical heritages such as leather-bound manuscripts, books written in
Javanese language
Javanese (, , ; , Aksara Jawa: , Pegon: , IPA: ) is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken by the Javanese people from the central and eastern parts of the island of Java, Indonesia. There are also pockets of Javanese speakers on the northe ...
and
script
Script may refer to:
Writing systems
* Script, a distinctive writing system, based on a repertoire of specific elements or symbols, or that repertoire
* Script (styles of handwriting)
** Script typeface, a typeface with characteristics of handw ...
, collection of historical pictures, photos, and archive files of plantation and any possessions owned by the Duchy of Mangkunegaran.
Gallery
File:Grand Pendopo, Mangkunegaran Palace.jpg, Inner Courtyard and Grand Hall of Mangkunegaran Palace
File:Bangsal Gusti Nurul.jpg, Pavilion of Gusti Nurul
File:Mangkunegaran Palace 05.jpg, Grand Hall of the Pura Mangkunegaran
File:Mangkunegaran Palace 11.jpg, Garden inside Mangkunegaran Palace
File:Mangkunegaran Palace 06.jpg, Ceiling of the Grand Hall
File:Mangkunegaran Palace 12.jpg, Interior of Gusti Nurul Pavilion (''Pracimoyasa'') in Pura Mangkunegaran complex
File:Pura Mangkunagaran08(2 Maret 2007-Mangkunegaran coat of arms flanked by European style cherubins (another angle)).jpg, Pura Mangkunagaran coat of arms flanked by European style cherubims and a Dhwarapala
File:Tangsi - Pamedan MN Pj IMG 20161010 184645.jpg, Courtyard of Mangkunegaran Palace with Cavalry-Artillery camp as background
See also
*
The Duchy of Mangkunegaran
*
Kraton Surakarta
Surakarta Sunanate ( id, Kasunanan Surakarta; jv, ꦟꦒꦫꦶꦑꦱꦸꦤꦤ꧀ꦤꦤ꧀ꦯꦸꦫꦏꦂꦠꦲꦢꦶꦤꦶꦁꦫꦠ꧀, ''Kasunanan/Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat''; nl, Soerakarta) was a Javanese monarchy centred in the city of ...
*
Kraton Yogyakarta
The Royal Palace of Yogyakarta ( id, Keraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat, jv, ꦏꦿꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠꦲꦢꦶꦤꦶꦔꦿꦠ꧀) is a palace complex in the city of Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. It is ...
*
Pura Pakualaman
*
Surakarta
Surakarta ( jv, ꦯꦸꦫꦏꦂꦠ), known colloquially as Solo ( jv, ꦱꦭ; ), is a city in Central Java, Indonesia. The 44 km2 (16.2 sq mi) city adjoins Karanganyar Regency and Boyolali Regency to the north, Karanganyar Regency and Sukoh ...
Reference
External links
Photo of Pura Mangkunegaran
Pura Mangkunegaran Solo
Mangkunegaran
Buildings and structures in Surakarta
Palaces in Indonesia
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