''Pupilla'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of minute air-breathing
land snail
A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known as ...
s,
terrestrial
Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth.
Terrestrial may also refer to:
* Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on or near the ground, as opposed to ...
pulmonate
Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includ ...
gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...
mollusk
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...
s or
micromollusk
A micromollusk is a shelled mollusk which is extremely small, even at full adult size. The word is usually, but not exclusively, applied to marine mollusks, although in addition, numerous species of land snails and freshwater mollusks also ...
s in the subfamily
Pupillinae of the family
Pupillidae
Pupillidae is a family of mostly minute, air-breathing, land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the superfamily Pupilloidea. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Pupillidae W. Turton, 1831. Accessed through: ...
.
[-MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Pupilla J. Fleming, 1828. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=426395 on 2022-03-05]
Shells of ''Pupilla'' species are known from terrestrial Cenozoic strata dating back to the
Oligocene
The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but the ...
until the
Holocene
The Holocene ( ) is the current geological epoch. It began approximately 11,650 cal years Before Present (), after the Last Glacial Period, which concluded with the Holocene glacial retreat. The Holocene and the preceding Pleistocene togethe ...
period.
Distribution
This genus occurs in Eurasia, northern Africa and North America.
["Genus summary for ''Pupilla''"](_blank)
AnimalBase AnimalBase is a project brought to life in 2004 and is maintained by the University of Göttingen, Germany. The goal of the AnimalBase project is to digitize early zoological literature, provide copyright-free open access to zoological works, and pr ...
. Last modified 02-09-2006, accessed 30 July 2010.
Species
Species within the genus ''Pupilla'' include:
* † ''
Pupilla aeoli''
(Hilber, 1884)
* ''
Pupilla afghanicum''
Solem, 1979
* ''
Pupilla alabiella''
Schileyko, 1984
* ''
Pupilla alaskensis''
Nekola & Coles, 2014
* † ''
Pupilla almuhambetovae''
Prysjazhnjuk, 2017
* ''
Pupilla alpicola''
(Charpentier, 1837)
* ''
Pupilla annandalei
''Pupilla'' is a genus of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Pupillinae of the family Pupillidae. -MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Pupilla J. Fleming, 1828. Ac ...
''
Pilsbry
* ''
Pupilla anzobica''
Izzatullaev, 1970
* ''
Pupilla armeniaca''
(Issel, 1865)
* † ''
Pupilla bargi''
Prysiazhniuk, 2017
* † ''
Pupilla belokrysi''
Steklov, 1966
* ''
Pupilla bigranata''
(Rossmässler 1839) (taxon inquirendum)
* ''
Pupilla bipatulata''
Akramowski, 1943
* † ''
Pupilla bituberculata''
H.-J. Wang & S.-Y. Guo, 1991
* † ''
Pupilla blainvilleana''
(Dupuy, 1850)
* ''
Pupilla blandii''
E. S. Morse, 1865 - Rocky Mountain column
* † ''
Pupilla bogdanovkaense''
Prysiazhniuk, 2017
* ''
Pupilla brevicostis''
(Benson, 1849)
* ''
Pupilla calacharicus''
(Boettger, 1886)
* † ''
Pupilla capitani''
(de Morgan, 1920)
* † ''
Pupilla crossei''
(Michaud, 1862)
* † ''
Pupilla cupella''
O. Boettger, 1889
* † ''
Pupilla diezi''
(Flach, 1890)
* ''
Pupilla diopsis''
(Benson, 1863)
* ''
Pupilla duplicata''
(Preston, 1911)
* ''
Pupilla ficulnea
''Pupilla ficulnea'' is a species of minute air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Pupillidae. This species is endemic to Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth o ...
''
(Tate, 1894)
* ''
Pupilla gallae''
Tzvetkov, 1940
* ''
Pupilla goniodon''
Pilsbry, 1927
* ''
Pupilla guadalupensis''
Pilsbry, 1927
* ''
Pupilla gutta''
(Benson, 1864)
* ''
Pupilla hebes''
(Ancey 1881) - crestless column
* ''
Pupilla hokkaidoensis''
Nekola, Coles & S. Chiba, 2014
* ''
Pupilla hudsoniana''
Nekola & Coles, 2014
* ''
Pupilla iheringi''
Suter, 1900
* † ''
Pupilla impressa''
(F. Sandberger, 1862)
* ''
Pupilla inequidenta''
Schileyko & Almuhambetova, 1979
* † ''
Pupilla inermis''
Russell, 1931
* ''
Pupilla inops''
(Reinhardt, 1877)
* † ''
Pupilla iratiana''
(Dupuy, 1850)
* ''
Pupilla khunjerabica''
Pokryszko, Auffenberg, Hlaváč & Naggs, 2009[Pokryszko B. M., Auffenberg K., Hlaváč J. Č. & Naggs F. (2009). "Pupilloidea of Pakistan (Gastropoda: Pulmonata): Truncatellininae, Vertigininae, Gastrocoptinae, Pupillinae (In Part)". '']Annales Zoologici
''Annales Zoologici'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of systematic zoology. Established in 1951, it is published by the Museum and Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences
The Polish Academy ...
'' 59(4): 423-458. .
* ''
Pupilla kyrostriata''
Walther & Hausdorf, 2014
* ''
Pupilla limata''
Schileyko, 1984
* ''
Pupilla loessica''
Ložek, 1954
* † ''
Pupilla michaudi''
Wenz, 1919
* † ''
Pupilla mlomnickii''
(Friedberg, 1905)
* ''
Pupilla muscorum
''Pupilla muscorum'', commonly known as the Moss Chrysalis snail or widespread column, is a species of minute air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate
Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before t ...
''
(Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...
, 1758
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...
) - widespread column - type species
* † ''
Pupilla mutabilis''
Steklov, 1966
* ''
Pupilla obliquicosta''
Smith, 1892 - extinct
* ''
Pupilla paraturcmenica''
Pokryszko, Auffenberg, Hlaváč & Naggs, 2009
* † ''
Pupilla parvula''
(Deshayes, 1863)
* † ''
Pupilla perlabiata''
Gottschick & Wenz, 1919
* † ''
Pupilla poltavica''
O. Boettger, 1889
* ''
Pupilla profundotuberculata''
H.-J. Wang & S.-Y. Guo, 1991
* ''
Pupilla pupula''
[Mollusc Specialist Group (1996)]
''Pupilla pupula''2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Downloaded on 7 August 2007.
* ''
Pupilla quxuensis''
D.-N. Chen & G.-Q. Zhang, 2001
* † ''
Pupilla retusa''
(F. Sandberger, 1858)
* † ''
Pupilla roberti''
Prysiazhniuk, 2017
* ''
Pupilla salemensis''
(W. T. Blanford & H. F. Blanford, 1861)
* ''
Pupilla satparanica''
Pokryszko, Auffenberg, Hlaváč & Naggs, 2009
* † ''
Pupilla selecta''
(Thomä, 1845)
* † ''
Pupilla selectiformis''
(Simionescu & Barbu, 1940)
* ''
Pupilla seriola''
(Benson, 1861)
* † ''
Pupilla shantungensis''
Yen, 1969
* ''
Pupilla simplexa''
Y.-T. Li, 1985
* ''
Pupilla sonorana''
(Sterki, 1899) - three-tooth column
* † ''
Pupilla staszicii''
(Łomnicki, 1886)
* † ''
Pupilla steinheimensis''
(K. Miller, 1900)
* ''
Pupilla sterkiana''
(Pilsbry, 1890)
* ''
Pupilla sterrii
''Pupilla sterrii'' is a species of minute air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Pupillidae.
Distribution
This species has a scattered distribution and occurs in a number of areas in ...
''
(Forster & Voith, 1840)
* ''
Pupilla striopolita''
Schileyko, 1984
* † ''
Pupilla subquadridens''
(A. d'Orbigny, 1852)
* ''
Pupilla syngenes''
(Pilsbry, 1890) - top-heavy column
* ''
Pupilla tetrodus''
(Boettger, 1870)
* ''
Pupilla triplicata
''Pupilla triplicata'' is a species of minute air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Pupillidae.
Distribution
The distribution of this species is central-European and southern-Europea ...
''
(Studer, 1820)
* † ''
Pupilla triplicatoidea''
Steklov, 1966
* † ''
Pupilla tschumakovi''
Prysjazhnjuk, 2017
* ''
Pupilla turcmenica''
(O. Boettger)
* † ''
Pupilla zeisslerae''
Schlickum, 1975
* ''
Pupilla ziaratana''
Pokryszko, Auffenberg, Hlaváč & Naggs, 2009
Synonyms
* ''Pupilla barrackporensis''
Gude, 1914: synonym of ''
Insulipupa malayana''
(Issel, 1874) (junior synonym)
* ''Pupilla cinghalensis''
Gude, 1914: synonym of ''
Indopupa cinghalensis''
(Gude, 1914) (original combination)
* ''Pupilla cryptodon''
(Heude, 1880): synonym of ''
Gibbulinopsis cryptodon''
(Heude, 1880) (unaccepted combination)
* ''Pupilla cupa''
(Jan, 1832): synonym of ''
Pupilla muscorum
''Pupilla muscorum'', commonly known as the Moss Chrysalis snail or widespread column, is a species of minute air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate
Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before t ...
''
(Linnaeus, 1758) (junior synonym)
* ''Pupilla draparnaudi''
Leach n Turton 1831: synonym of ''
Lauria cylindracea
''Lauria cylindracea'', common name "the common chrysalis snail", is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Lauriidae.
Description
For terms see gastropod shell
The 3-4 x 1.8 mm ...
''
(Da Costa, 1778)
* ''Pupilla floridana''
Dall, 1885: synonym of ''
Gastrocopta pentodon''
(Say, 1822) (junior synonym)
* ''Pupilla fontana''
(Krauss, 1848): synonym of ''
Gibbulinopsis fontana
''Gibbulinopsis'' is a genus of gastropods belonging to the family Pupillidae
Pupillidae is a family of mostly minute, air-breathing, land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the superfamily Pupilloidea. Mollus ...
''
(F. Krauss, 1848) (superseded combination)
* ''Pupilla gracilis''
Izzatullaev, 1970: synonym of ''
Gibbulinopsis gracilis''
(Izzatullaev, 1970) (original combination)
* ''Pupilla hudsonianum''
ic synonym of ''
Pupilla hudsoniana''
Nekola & Coles, 2014 (wrong gender agreement of specific epithet)
* ''Pupilla muscerda''
(Benson, 1853): synonym of ''
Microstele muscerda''
(Benson, 1853) (unaccepted combination)
* ''Pupilla pratensis''
(Clessin, 1871):
synonym of ''
Pupilla alpicola''
(Charpentier, 1837) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
* † ''Pupilla quadrigranata''
(F. Sandberger, 1858): synonym of † ''
Pupilla selecta''
(Thomä, 1845) (junior synonym)
* ''Pupilla reibischi''
Dall & Ochsner, 1928: synonym of ''
Gastrocopta reibischi''
(Dall & Ochsner, 1928) (original name)
* Pupilla salmensis (W. T. Blanford & H. F. Blanford, 1861): synonym of ''
Pupilla salemensis''
(W. T. Blanford & H. F. Blanford, 1861) (misspelling of original name.)
* ''Pupilla signata''
(Mousson, 1873):
synonym of ''
Gibbulinopsis signata''
(Mousson, 1873)
* ''Pupilla stoneri''
Chamberlin & Jones, 1929: synonym of ''
Gastrocopta pilsbryana''
(Sterki, 1890)
* † ''Pupilla submuscorum''
Gottschick & Wenz, 1919: synonym of †
Gibbulinopsis submuscorum (Gottschick & Wenz, 1919)
* ''Pupilla wolfae''
Tzvetkov, 1940: synonym of ''
Pupilla sterrii
''Pupilla sterrii'' is a species of minute air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Pupillidae.
Distribution
This species has a scattered distribution and occurs in a number of areas in ...
''
(Voith, 1840) (junior synonym)
References
* Flach, K. (1890). Palaeontologische Beiträge. Verhandlungen der Physikalisch-Medicinischen Gesellschaft zu Würzburg, Neue Folge. 24(3): 49-59, pl. 1.
* Schileyko, A. A. (1984). Nazemnye molljuski podotrjada Pupillina fauny SSSR (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Geophila). In:. Fauna SSSR, Molljuski. III, 3
* Held, F. (1837-1838). Notizen über die Weichthiere Bayerns. Isis (Oken), 30 (4): 303-309 (1837); 30 (12): 901-919 (1838). Leipzig
External links
Draparnaud, J. P. R. (1801). Tableau des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. Montpellier / Paris (Renaud / Bossange, Masson & Besson). 1-116Pilsbry, H. A. (1920-1921). Manual of conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Ser. 2, Pulmonata. Vol. 26: Pupillidae (Vertigininae, Pupillinae). pp i-iv, 1-254, pls 1-24. Philadelphia, published by the Conchological Section, Academy of Natural SciencesHeld, F. (1837-1838). Notizen über die Weichthiere Bayerns. Isis (Oken), 30 (4): 303-309 (1837); 30 (12): 901-919 (1838). LeipzigDall, W. H. (1904). Notes on the nomenclature of the Pupacea and associated forms. The Nautilus. 17(10): 114-116 Cockerell, T. D. A. (1905). Note on the nomenclature of the snails usually called Pupa. The Nautilus. 18(9): 103-105
{{Commons category
Pupillidae