''Pupa'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of small sea snails,

marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusc Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is esti ...

s in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Acteonidae Acteonidae, common name the "barrel bubble snails", is a family of small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks of the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.Bouchet, P. (2012). Acteonidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http:/ ...

.Bouchet, P. (2012). Pupa Röding, 1798. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=204293 on 2012-06-04 The genus is named ''Pupa'' because the shell of these snails resemble an insect

pupa A pupa ( la, pupa, "doll"; plural: ''pupae'') is the life stage of some insects undergoing transformation between immature and mature stages. Insects that go through a pupal stage are holometabolous: they go through four distinct stages in their ...

in overall shape. The animal has a large headshield with a deep median slit, separating it into two posteriorly projecting lobes.

Species

According to the

World Register of Marine Species The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive list of names of marine organisms. Content The content of the registry is edited and maintained by scientific specialist ...

(WoRMS), the following species are included within the genus ''Pupa'': * '' Pupa affinis'' ( Adams, 1854) ** Distribution : South Africa, Red Sea, Indo-Pacific ** Length : 11–20 mm ** Description : cream-colored shell with horizontal spiraled patterns (dark brown, light brown or greenish) without dark borders; sharp apex * '' Pupa alveola'' (Souverbie, 1863) ** Distribution : Indo-Pacific * ''

Pupa coccinata A pupa ( la, pupa, "doll"; plural: ''pupae'') is the life stage of some insects undergoing transformation between immature and mature stages. Insects that go through a pupal stage are holometabolous: they go through four distinct stages in their ...

Reeve Reeve may refer to: Titles *Reeve (Canada), an elected chief executive of some counties, townships, and equivalents *Reeve (England), an official elected annually by the serfs to supervise lands for a lord *High-reeve, a title taken by some Englis ...

, 1842 (considered by some to be a color form of ''Pupa strigosa'') ** Distribution : Japan, tropical Indo-West Pacific ** Length : 25 mm ** Description : headshield flaps cover the opening of the mantle cavity; white-colored with many orange-red spots in spiraling bands * '' Pupa davisi'' Kilburn, 1975 ** Distribution: South Africa ** Length : 12.5 mm ** Description : cream-colored shell with sharp apex. * '' Pupa hyalina'' Verco, 1907 * '' Pupa niecaensis'' Barnard, 1963 * ''

Pupa nitulida ''Pupa nitulida'', common name the smooth pink pupa, is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Acteonidae.Rosenberg, G. (2015). Pupa nitidula. In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine S ...

'' ( Lamarck, 1816) Smooth pink pupa * ''

Pupa pascuana A pupa ( la, pupa, "doll"; plural: ''pupae'') is the life stage of some insects undergoing transformation between immature and mature stages. Insects that go through a pupal stage are holometabolous: they go through four distinct stages in their ...

'' Raines, 2002 * ''

Pupa pudica A pupa ( la, pupa, "doll"; plural: ''pupae'') is the life stage of some insects undergoing transformation between immature and mature stages. Insects that go through a pupal stage are holometabolous: they go through four distinct stages in their ...

'' ( Adams, 1854) ** Distribution: Hawaii ** Length : 7 mm ** Description : pink-colored elongate shell, with spiral bands of lightbrown patterns. * † ''

Pupa reticulata A pupa ( la, pupa, "doll"; plural: ''pupae'') is the life stage of some insects undergoing transformation between immature and mature stages. Insects that go through a pupal stage are holometabolous: they go through four distinct stages in their ...

'' (Martin, 1884) * ''

Pupa sekii A pupa ( la, pupa, "doll"; plural: ''pupae'') is the life stage of some insects undergoing transformation between immature and mature stages. Insects that go through a pupal stage are holometabolous: they go through four distinct stages in their ...

'' Habe, 1958 * ''

Pupa sinica A pupa ( la, pupa, "doll"; plural: ''pupae'') is the life stage of some insects undergoing transformation between immature and mature stages. Insects that go through a pupal stage are holometabolous: they go through four distinct stages in their ...

'' Lin, 1989 * ''

Pupa solidula ''Pupa solidula'', common name the solid pupa, is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Acteonidae. .Rosenberg, G.; Bouchet, P. (2015). Pupa solidula (Linnaeus, 1758). In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: ...

'' Linnaeus,

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...

Solid pupa * ''

Pupa strigosa A pupa ( la, pupa, "doll"; plural: ''pupae'') is the life stage of some insects undergoing transformation between immature and mature stages. Insects that go through a pupal stage are holometabolous: they go through four distinct stages in thei ...

'' (Gould, 1859) * '' Pupa sulcata'' (

Gmelin Gmelin may refer to: * Gmelin's test, a chemical test * Gmelin database, a German handbook/encyclopedia of inorganic compounds initiated by Leopold Gmelin People * Carl Christian Gmelin (1762–1837), German botanist, author of ''Flora Badensis ...

, 1791) Furrowed pupa ** Distribution : cosmopolitan, tropical Indo-Pacific, Kermadec Islands, Japan ** Length : 10–25 mm ** Description : intertidal and up to depths of 30 m, burrowing in the sand; lightbrown shell with horizontal darker bands, where the darkest parts form a vertical band; sharp apex * '' Pupa suturalis'' ( Adams, 1854) ** Distribution : Indo-Pacific * '' Pupa tessellata'' (

, 1842) * '' Pupa tragulata'' Iredale, 1936 ;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Pupa (Rictaxiella)'' Habe, 1958: synonym of ''

Rictaxiella ''Rictaxiella'' is a genus of sea snails, bubble snails, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the family Aplustridae The Aplustridae is a taxonomic family of sea snails or bubble snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Acte ...

'' Habe, 1958 * ''Pupa alba'' (Hutton, 1873): synonym of '' Abida bigerrensis'' (Moquin-Tandon, 1856) * ''Pupa amodesta'' Mighels, 1845: synonym of '' Pronesopupa amodesta'' (Mighels, 1845) (original combination) * ''Pupa bourguignati'' Deshayes, 1863 (original combination): synonym of '' Gonospira bourguignati'' (Deshayes, 1863) * ''Pupa bryanti'' L. Pfeiffer, 1867: synonym of '' Cerion rubicundum'' (Menke, 1829) (junior synonym) * ''Pupa choshiensis'' (Habe, 1958): synonym of ''

Rictaxiella choshiensis ''Rictaxiella'' is a genus of sea snails, bubble snails, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the family Aplustridae The Aplustridae is a taxonomic family of sea snails or bubble snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Acte ...

'' Habe, 1958 * ''Pupa cinerea'' Draparnaud, 1801: synonym of ''

Solatopupa similis ''Solatopupa similis'' is a species of gastropods belonging to the family Chondrinidae Chondrinidae is a family of mostly minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the order Pulmonata. Anatomy In this fa ...

'' (Bruguière, 1792) * ''Pupa crassilabris'' G. B. Sowerby II, 1875: synonym of '' Cerion striatellum'' (Guerin-Méneville, 1829) * ''Pupa daedalea'' Deshayes, 1851: synonym of ''

Plagiodontes daedaleus ''Plagiodontes'' is a recent genus of small to medium-sized air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropods in the family Odontostomidae.Breure A. S. H. & Romero P. (2012). "Support and surprises: molecular phylogeny of the land snai ...

'' (Deshayes, 1851) * ''Pupa detrita'' L. Pfeiffer, 1854: synonym of '' Cerion incanum'' (Leidy, 1851) * ''Pupa flammea'' (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of ''

Maxacteon flammeus ''Maxacteon flammeus'' is a species of small sea snail, a marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusk in the family Acteonidae, the barrel bubble snails.Rosenberg, G. (2015). Maxacteon flammeus (Bruguière, 1789). In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed th ...

'' (Bruguière, 1789) * ''Pupa fusus'' L. Pfeiffer, 1848: synonym of '' Gonospira palanga'' (Lesson, 1831) * ''Pupa gibba'' R. T. Lowe, 1852: synonym of '' Leiostyla gibba'' (R. T. Lowe, 1852) (original combination) * ''Pupa grisebla'' Röding, 1798: synonym of ''Pupa solidula'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Pupa incana'' Leidy, 1851>: synonym of '' Cerion incanum'' (Leidy, 1851) * ''Pupa incrassata'' G. B. Sowerby II, 1878: synonym of '' Cerion incrassatum'' (G. B. Sowerby II, 1878) (original combination) * ''Pupa intersecta'' Deshayes, 1863: synonym of '' Gonospira bourguignati'' (Deshayes, 1863) * ''Pupa kirki'' (Hutton, 1873): synonym of ''Pupa affinis'' (A. Adams, 1855) * ''Pupa nivea'' (Angas, 1871) synonym of '' Pupa affinis'' (A. Adams, 1855) * ''Pupa novoseelandica'' L. Pfeiffer, 1853: synonym of '' Phenacharopa novoseelandica'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1853) * ''Pupa palanga'' Lesson, 1831: synonym of '' Gonospira palanga'' (Lesson, 1831) * ''Pupa pusilla'' Des Moulins, 1835: synonym of '' Chondrina bigorriensis'' (Des Moulins, 1835) * ''Pupa roseomaculata'' Iredale, 1936: synonym of ''Pupa solidula'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * † ''Pupa starboroughensis'' L. C. King, 1934 : synonym of † '' Crenilabium starboroughense'' (L. C. King, 1934) * ''Pupa thaanumi'' Pilsbry, 1917: synonym of '' Pupa affinis'' ( Adams, 1854) * ''Pupa turrita'' Anton, 1839: synonym of '' Clessinia striata'' (Spix, 1827) (junior synonym) * ''Pupa umbilicata'' Draparnaud, 1801: synonym of ''

Lauria cylindracea ''Lauria cylindracea'', common name "the common chrysalis snail", is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Lauriidae. Description For terms see gastropod shell The 3-4 x 1.8 mm ...

'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Pupa uvula'' Deshayes, 1863: synonym of ''

Gonospira uvula ''Gonospira uvula'' is a species of small air-breathing land snail, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Streptaxidae. Distribution This species is endemic to Réunion Réunion (; french: La Réunion, ; previously ''Île ...

'' (Deshayes, 1863) (original combination) * ''Pupa vermiculosa'' Morelet, 1860: synonym of ''

Leiostyla vermiculosa ''Leiostyla vermiculosa'' is a species of small, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Lauriidae. Distribution This species is endemic to Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( ...

'' (Morelet, 1860) (original combination) * ''Pupa versipolis'' L. Pfeiffer, 1841: synonym of '' Gonospira versipolis'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1841) ;Taxa inquirenda (use in recent literature currently undocumented): * ''Pupa dormeyeri'' G. B. Sowerby II, 1878 * ''Pupa gracilis'' G. B. Sowerby I, 1834 * ''Pupa maugeri'' G. B. Sowerby I, 1834 * ''Pupa ringens'' G. B. Sowerby II, 1878 * ''Pupa zebra'' G. B. Sowerby II, 1875 The database Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database (OBIS) also includes the following names in current use :OBIS : Pupa
/ref> * '' Pupa acuta'' * '' Pupa fraterculus'' *'' Pupa insculpta'' ---- * '' Pupa clathrata'' Yokoyama, 1922 ** Distribution : Japan Pupa fumata 001

* '' Pupa fumata'' Gould, 1859 Brown Pupa ** Distribution : tropical, Western Australia, Indo-Pacific ** Length : 20 mm ** Description : shell with spiral ribs; patterns of brown or gray spots on a cream-colored background; whorls separated by a white narrow band.

References

* Higo, S., Callomon, P. & Goto, Y. (1999) ''Catalogue and Bibliography of the Marine Shell-Bearing Mollusca of Japan''. Elle Scientific Publications, Yao, Japan, 749 pp.

External links

Röding, P.F. 1798. ''Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat Joa''. Hamburg : Trappii 199 pp.

Schumacher, C. F. (1817). Essai d'un nouveau système des habitations des vers testacés. Schultz, Copenghagen. iv + 288 pp., 22 pls
* Powell A. W. B., ''New Zealand Mollusca'', William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
Photo

Nomenclator Zoologicus info
* {{Taxonbar, from=Q3734751 Acteonidae Gastropod genera