''Pulchrana mangyanum'' is a

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

of "

true frog True frogs is the common name for the frog family Ranidae. They have the widest distribution of any frog family. They are abundant throughout most of the world, occurring on all continents except Antarctica. The true frogs are present in North A ...

", family Ranidae. It is

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...

to the

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

and occurs on

Mindoro Mindoro is the seventh largest and eighth-most populous island in the Philippines. With a total land area of 10,571 km2 ( 4,082 sq.mi ) and has a population of 1,408,454 as of 2020 census. It is located off the southwestern coast of Luz ...

Sibay Sibay (russian: Сиба́й; ba, Сибай) is a town in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, located on the border between Europe and Asia, on the east slope of the Southern Urals, in the spurs of Irendyk, from Ufa, the capital of the repu ...

, and

Semirara Semirara is an island in the Philippines located at in the Caluya archipelago which is situated south of Mindoro Island. It is under the jurisdiction of the town of Caluya of the province of Antique. It is a major site of coal mining in the Phili ...

islands. Prior to its

description Description is the pattern of narrative development that aims to make vivid a place, object, character, or group. Description is one of four rhetorical modes (also known as ''modes of discourse''), along with exposition, argumentation, and narr ...

in 2002, ''Pulchrana mangyanum'' was confused with ''

Pulchrana signata " ''Pulchrana signata'', commonly known as the variable-backed frog, striped stream frog, spotted stream frog, or Matang frog, is a species of "true frog" (family Ranidae). It is native to the Malay Peninsula (Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia), S ...

''.

Etymology

The

specific name Specific name may refer to: * in Database management systems, a system-assigned name that is unique within a particular database In taxonomy, either of these two meanings, each with its own set of rules: * Specific name (botany), the two-part (bino ...

''mangyanum'' refers to the

Mangyan Mangyan is the generic name for the eight indigenous groups found on the island of Mindoro, southwest of the island of Luzon, the Philippines, each with its own tribal name, language, and customs. The total population may be around 280,001, ...

, indigenous people of Mindoro.

Description

Adult males measure and adult females in

snout–vent length Snout–vent length (SVL) is a morphometric measurement taken in herpetology from the tip of the snout to the most posterior opening of the cloacal slit (vent)."direct line distance from tip of snout to posterior margin of vent" It is the most c ...

. the snout is obtusely rounded and moderately elongate. The eyes are large and protuberant. The tympanum is distinct. The fingers have moderately large discs but no webbing. The toes are long and bear discs that are larger than those on the fingers; webbing is present. Coloration is highly variable. Middorsal surfaces, head and

rostrum Rostrum may refer to: * Any kind of a platform for a speaker: **dais **pulpit * Rostrum (anatomy), a beak, or anatomical structure resembling a beak, as in the mouthparts of many sucking insects * Rostrum (ship), a form of bow on naval ships * Ros ...

range from being nearly homogeneous black or very dark brown to having golden yellow or brown diffuse central blotches. Dorsolateral lines vary in thickness (, generally thicker in females than in males), shape (sometimes nearly straight, but typically irregular), and color (solid grey, tan, or golden yellow, or with small round brown spots).

Habitat and conservation

''Pulchrana mangyanum'' inhabits and breeds in undisturbed and disturbed streams and rivers in lower montane and lowland forests at elevations below . Males call perched on rocks or ledges, or concealed within grassy edges of banks, always within a half a meter of the stream's edge. The

tadpole A tadpole is the larval stage in the biological life cycle of an amphibian. Most tadpoles are fully aquatic, though some species of amphibians have tadpoles that are terrestrial. Tadpoles have some fish-like features that may not be found i ...

s develop in quiet side-pools in rivers. Though occurring in disturbed areas, it does not tolerate much habitat disturbance and is considered threatened by shifting, slash-and-burn agriculture and small-scale wood collection by local settlements. However, it can still be locally common. It is present in some protected areas on Mindoro.

References

{{Reflist, 30em, refs= {{cite journal , last1=Brown , first1=Rafe M. , last2=Guttman , first2=Sheldon I. , name-list-style=amp , title=Phylogenetic systematics of the ''Rana signata'' complex of Philippine and Bornean stream frogs: reconsideration of Huxley's modification of Wallace's Line at the Oriental-Australian faunal zone interface , journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , date=2002 , volume=76 , issue=3 , pages=393–461 , doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.2002.tb01704.x, doi-access=free {{cite journal , url=https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Anura/Ranidae/Pulchrana/Pulchrana-mangyanum , title=''Pulchrana signata'' (Günther, 1872) , author=Frost, Darrel R. , year=2021 , journal=Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1 , publisher=American Museum of Natural History , doi=10.5531/db.vz.0001 , access-date=3 April 2021 mangyanum Amphibians of the Philippines Endemic fauna of the Philippines Amphibians described in 2002 Taxa named by Rafe M. Brown