''Pugnoides'' is an
extinct
Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of
brachiopod
Brachiopods (), phylum Brachiopoda, are a phylum of trochozoan animals that have hard "valves" (shells) on the upper and lower surfaces, unlike the left and right arrangement in bivalve molluscs. Brachiopod valves are hinged at the rear end, w ...
belonging to the order
Rhynchonellida
The taxonomic order Rhynchonellida is one of the two main groups of living articulate brachiopods, the other being the order Terebratulida. They are recognized by their strongly ribbed wedge-shaped or nut-like shells, and the very short hing ...
and family
Petasmariidae.
Specimens have been found in
Devonian
The Devonian ( ) is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic era, spanning 60.3 million years from the end of the Silurian, million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Carboniferous, Mya. It is named after Devon, England, whe ...
to
Permian
The Permian ( ) is a geologic period and stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.9 Mya. It is the last period of the Paleoz ...
beds in North America,
Asia,
Europe, western Australia,
New Zealand,
[and New Zealand.][ The genus was particularly widespread in the Visean ( Lower Mississippian).]
Description
Members of the genus are typically small to medium in size. The general shape of the shell is roughly circular to roughly triangular, and both valves are strongly convex in shape. The beak (the oldest portion of the valve closest to the hinge) is incurved rather than flat. The foramen (the opening through which the animal's pedicle or foot was extended) is large and oval in shape.
Species
*''P. mazhalaensis'' Jin and Shi 1979[
]
References
Paleozoic life
Rhynchonellida
{{Brachiopod-stub