Puerto Varas, also known as "La ciudad de las rosas" or “the city of roses”, is a
city
A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...
and
commune
A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or comune or other derivations may also refer to:
Administrative-territorial entities
* Commune (administrative division), a municipality or township
** Communes of ...
located in the southern
Chile
Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east a ...
an province of
Llanquihue, in the
Los Lagos Region
Los Lagos Region ( es, Región de Los Lagos , ''Region of the Lakes'') is one of Chile's 16 regions, which are first order administrative divisions, and comprises four provinces: Chiloé, Llanquihue, Osorno and Palena. The region contains ...
.
The city is famous for its
German traditions
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
**Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ger ...
, its natural environment, and its popularity as a tourist destination. It enjoys a scenic location close to mountains, lakes, forests and national parks. It is located from the city of
Puerto Montt on the shore of
Llanquihue Lake, the second largest lake in Chile. The conical
Osorno Volcano
Osorno Volcano is a tall conical stratovolcano lying between Osorno Province and Llanquihue Province, in Los Lagos Region of Chile. It stands on the southeastern shore of Llanquihue Lake, and also towers over Todos los Santos Lake. Osorno is con ...
and the snowcapped peaks of Mt.
Calbuco
Calbuco is a city and commune in southern Chile administered by the Municipality of Calbuco. Administratively Calbuco belongs to the Llanquihue Province of Los Lagos Region. The origin of the city was the Spanish Fort Calbuco founded in 1603, an ...
and Mt.
Tronador
Tronador ( es, Cerro Tronador) is an extinct stratovolcano in the southern Andes, located along the border between Argentina and Chile, near the Argentine city of Bariloche. The mountain was named ''Tronador'' (Spanish for "Thunderer") by locals ...
are clearly visible from the lakefront. Puerto Varas is the southernmost of a string of towns on the western shore of Llanquihue Lake that includes
Frutillar,
Llanquihue and
Puerto Octay
Puerto Octay is a town and commune in Osorno Province located on the north shore of Llanquihue Lake in Los Lagos Region in the south of Chile. It was settled by German colonists in 1852. Puerto Octay was an important port with regular traffic ...
. It spans an area of .
History
The original of the city of Puerto Varas date to 1853 and is named after
Antonio Varas, the Minister of the Interior at the time. It was founded by German immigrants who settled the shores of Lake Llanquihue as part of a
government colonization project during the presidency of
Manuel Montt
Manuel Francisco Antonio Julián Montt Torres (; September 4, 1809 – September 21, 1880) was a Chilean statesman and scholar. He was twice elected President of Chile between 1851 and 1861.
Biography
Montt was born in Petorca, Valparaíso R ...
(1851-1861).
The area known as the "Llanquihue Lake Colonization Territory" was created by the government on 27 June 1853, and by the end of 1853, the first 212 German families had immigrated to what would be Puerto Varas.
The first area to be settled was known as La Fabrica, where the road from Puerto Montt and the coast reached Llanquihue Lake. Other landmarks in its early history include the opening of a
Catholic
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
church in 1872 and the founding of the Deutscher Verein ("German Club") in 1885. The town received official status in the form of a Título de Villa ("Town Certification") in 1897. The
commune
A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or comune or other derivations may also refer to:
Administrative-territorial entities
* Commune (administrative division), a municipality or township
** Communes of ...
of Puerto Varas, as it exists today, was formed in December 1925, when the Ministry of the Interior divided the country into
provinces
A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman '' provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions ou ...
, and
communes
An intentional community is a voluntary residential community which is designed to have a high degree of social cohesion and teamwork from the start. The members of an intentional community typically hold a common social, political, relig ...
.
Demographics
According to population projections from Chile’s
National Statistics Institute National Institute of Statistics may refer to:
*National Institute of Statistics of Bolivia
*National Institute of Statistics of Cambodia
*National Institute of Statistics and Census of Costa Rica
*National Institute of Statistics and Census of Nica ...
, in 2012 the commune of Puerto Varas had 41,255 inhabitants (21,093 men and 20,162 women). The population had increased by 25% since the 2002 census.
Architecture
Puerto Varas is characterized by traditional German
architecture
Architecture is the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction. It is both the process and the product of sketching, conceiving, planning, designing, and constructing building ...
, with houses built from ''
alerce'' wood using tools brought over from Europe by the 19th century colonial inhabitants. It was designated a Zona Típica (heritage zone) in 1992 and has a number of protected buildings, including the Iglesia del Sagrado Corazón de Jesus (Sacred Heart of Jesus Church). Built in 1918 on one of the highest points in Puerto Varas, the wooden church is one of the city’s iconic landmarks. Other notable protected structures include Casa Kuschel (1915) and Casa Yunge (1932).
Culture
Cultural institutions in Puerto Varas include the Antonio Felmer Museum, the Molino Machmar Art Centre, the Nativo Bosque Gallery and the Pablo Fierro Museum. Nearby Frutillar hosts the annual
Frutillar Musical Weeks in January and February.
Cuisine
Puerto Varas is known for traditional German dishes, especially
Kuchen
Kuchen (), the German word for cake, is used in other languages as the name for several different types of savory or sweet desserts, pastries, and gateaux. Most Kuchen have eggs, flour and sugar as common ingredients while also, but not always, ...
, which is celebrated on the annual Kuchen Day on the first Saturday of February. Craft beers, pastries, cakes, chocolate and marmalades can also be found in the town’s shops, restaurants and cafes.
Tourism
Puerto Varas is a popular tourist destination with its distinctive German-inspired architecture, wide variety of hotels and inns, a casino, a beach and striking views over the lake to the Osorno and Calbuco volcanoes.
Visitors can take part in a range of outdoor sports including kayaking, fishing and trekking, and there is a winter ski centre on the slopes of Osorno Volcano. It is a good base for excursions to nearby natural landmarks including the emerald
Todos los Santos Lake
Lake Todos los Santos (Spanish for "All Saints Lake") is a lake located in the Los Lagos Region of southern Chile, 96 km northeast of the regional capital Puerto Montt and 76 km east of Puerto Varas, within the boundaries of the Vicen ...
, the picturesque
Petrohué Falls (Spanish: Saltos de Petrohué),
Vicente Pérez Rosales National Park
Vicente Pérez Rosales National Park () is located in Los Lagos Region, Llanquihue Province, of Chile. Its western entrance is close to the Ensenada locality, northeast of the provincial capital of Puerto Montt, and from Puerto Varas along Ruta ...
and
Puyehue National Park
Puyehue National Park () is located in the Andes mountain range, in Los Ríos and Los Lagos regions of Chile formerly referred to as the 10th region. The park boast 220,000 acres of natural thermal springs, volcanoes, and evergreen forests, afte ...
as well as
Osorno Volcano
Osorno Volcano is a tall conical stratovolcano lying between Osorno Province and Llanquihue Province, in Los Lagos Region of Chile. It stands on the southeastern shore of Llanquihue Lake, and also towers over Todos los Santos Lake. Osorno is con ...
. Trips are also possible to other towns around Llanquihue Lake including
Frutillar,
Puerto Octay
Puerto Octay is a town and commune in Osorno Province located on the north shore of Llanquihue Lake in Los Lagos Region in the south of Chile. It was settled by German colonists in 1852. Puerto Octay was an important port with regular traffic ...
and
Llanquihue.
Puerto Varas is the starting point for bus-and-boat crossings of the
Andes
The Andes, Andes Mountains or Andean Mountains (; ) are the longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America. The range is long, wide (widest between 18°S – 20°S ...
, through spectacular forested mountains reflected in shimmering lakes, to
San Carlos de Bariloche,
Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...
. The trip is best made west to east with an overnight at a hotel in the midst of the wilderness.
Education
International schools
*
Instituto Aleman Puerto Varas[Deutscher Bundestag 4. Wahlperiode Drucksache IV/3672]
Archive
. Bundestag
The Bundestag (, "Federal Diet") is the German federal parliament. It is the only federal representative body that is directly elected by the German people. It is comparable to the United States House of Representatives or the House of Common ...
(West Germany). 23 June 1965. Retrieved on 12 March 2016. p. 23/51.
Transportation
Conveniently nearby,
El Tepual International Airport for Puerto Montt is served by many daily non-stop flights from
Santiago
Santiago (, ; ), also known as Santiago de Chile, is the capital and largest city of Chile as well as one of the largest cities in the Americas. It is the center of Chile's most densely populated region, the Santiago Metropolitan Region, whos ...
, as well as numerous flights from other cities. More than 1,100,000 passengers a year use the airport.
Administration
As a commune, Puerto Varas is a third-level
administrative division of Chile administered by a
municipal council
A municipal council is the legislative body of a municipality or local government area. Depending on the location and classification of the municipality it may be known as a city council, town council, town board, community council, rural counc ...
headed by an
alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2012–2016 alcalde is Álvaro Berger Schmidt (
PS).
Within the
electoral divisions of Chile, Puerto Varas is represented in the
Chamber of Deputies by Fidel Espinoza (
PS) and Felipe DeMussy Hiriart (UDI). It is part of the 56th electoral district, together with
Puyehue,
Río Negro,
Purranque
Purranque is a city in the Chilean Los Lagos Region, which lies on the Pan-American Highway about north of Puerto Montt. It is part of the Osorno Province.
History
The first ethnically identifiable inhabitants of the area were Huilliches, an ind ...
,
Puerto Octay
Puerto Octay is a town and commune in Osorno Province located on the north shore of Llanquihue Lake in Los Lagos Region in the south of Chile. It was settled by German colonists in 1852. Puerto Octay was an important port with regular traffic ...
,
Fresia,
Frutillar,
Llanquihue and
Los Muermos. The commune is represented in the
Senate by Rabindranath Quinteros (PS) and
Iván Moreira (UDI) as part of the 17th senatorial constituency (Los Lagos Region).
Geography
Climate
Puerto Varas has an
oceanic climate (''Cfb'', according to the
Köppen climate classification
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, notabl ...
), with an average annual precipitation of . Summers are mild and winters are rainy and somewhat chilly.
Photo gallery
File: Centro de turismo en Puerto Varas.jpg , Tourist information centre
File: Iglesia Parroquial del Sagrado Corazón Puerto Varas.jpg , The wooden Sacred Heart Church, now almost 100 years old
File: Casa de madera y Tejuela, Camino a Alerce, Puerto Varas.jpg , Typical wooden architecture
File: Amanecer sobre el Lago LLanquihue y Volcán Osorno, vista desde la costanera de Puerto Varas.JPG , Dawn over Llanquihue Lake
File:LaBurbuja-VolcanOsorno.jpg , La Burbuja Ski Center
File:VolcanOsorno-LagoLlanquihue.jpg, Llanquihue Lake and Osorno Volcano
Osorno Volcano is a tall conical stratovolcano lying between Osorno Province and Llanquihue Province, in Los Lagos Region of Chile. It stands on the southeastern shore of Llanquihue Lake, and also towers over Todos los Santos Lake. Osorno is con ...
, Puerto Varas
File:PuertoVarasRainbow.jpg, A ketch
A ketch is a two- masted sailboat whose mainmast is taller than the mizzen mast (or aft-mast), and whose mizzen mast is stepped forward of the rudder post. The mizzen mast stepped forward of the rudder post is what distinguishes the ketch fr ...
on Llanquihue Lake, with a rainbow
A rainbow is a meteorological phenomenon that is caused by reflection, refraction and dispersion of light in water droplets resulting in a spectrum of light appearing in the sky. It takes the form of a multicoloured circular arc. Rainbows c ...
in the background
References
External links
*
Municipality of Puerto Varas*
Lago Llanquihue weather forecasts*
Puerto Varas – Virtual Reality Panorama in 360ªhow to get to Puerto Varas from El Tepual Airport
{{Authority control
Llanquihue Province
Communes of Chile
Populated lakeshore places in Chile
Populated places established in 1853
Populated places in Llanquihue Province
1853 establishments in Chile
Los Lagos Region