legume
A legume () is a plant in the family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae), or the fruit or seed of such a plant. When used as a dry grain, the seed is also called a pulse. Legumes are grown agriculturally, primarily for human consumption, for livestock f ...
kudzu
Kudzu (; also called Japanese arrowroot or Chinese arrowroot) is a group of climbing, coiling, and trailing deciduous perennial vines native to much of East Asia, Southeast Asia, and some Pacific islands, but invasive species, invasive in many ...
, also called Japanese arrowroot. The genus is named after 19th century Swiss botanist Marc Nicolas Puerari.
The genus, as traditionally circumscribed, is polyphyletic, with different species being more related to other species in the tribe Phaseoleae. Current research, reproduced below, splits the genus into five
clade
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...
s, one of which defines the current monophyletic genus.
Species
The genus ''Pueraria'' is highly polyphyletic; the below list is divided by clade following the result of A.N.Egan & B.Pan (2016).Earlier version, 2013 MSc thesis. /ref> In 2015, the authors
validly published
In botanical nomenclature, a validly published name is a name that meets the requirements in the ''International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'' for valid publication. Valid publication of a name represents the minimum require ...
Plants of the World Online
Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It was launched in March 2017 with the ultimate aim being "to enable users to access information on all the world's known seed-bearing plants by ...
database accepts these names.
''Pueraria'' sensu stricto
''Pueraria''
sensu stricto
''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular co ...
includes the vast majority of species in the genus. They fall into a single clade sister to or containing ''
Nogra
''Nogra'' is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae.
Kew POWO accepts the following species:
* '' Nogra dalzellii'' (Baker) Merr.
* '' Nogra filicaulis'' (Kurz) Merr.
* '' Nogra graha ...
The following are not included in the 2016 study due to insufficient material for sequencing. They are accepted by POWO.
*'' P. bella'' Prain: conflicting proposals assigning either to the main clade or to '' Neonotonia'' (morphology).
* ''P. bouffordii'' H. Ohashi: presumably in the main clade (morphology).
* ''P. grandiflora'' Bo Pan & Bing Liu: presumably in the main clade (morphology).
* ''P. xyzhuii'' H. Ohashi & Iokawa: presumably in the main clade (morphology).
The following are not included in Egan et al. 2016 for other reasons, but are accepted by Kew POWO:
* ''P. garhwalensis'' L.R.Dangwal & D.S.Rawat: excluded per van der Maesen (2002)
* ''P. neocaledonica'' Harms: not mentioned
* ''P. maesenii'' Niyomdham: not mentioned
Former members
The rest of the genus fall into four clades, sorted by distance from the main clade:
* '' Neustanthus'' Benth. – sister to ''
Sinodolichos
''Sinodolichos'' is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae. It has two species and is found in China, Myanmar, Thailand, and Borneo.
References
Phaseoleae
Fabaceae genera
{{Pha ...
Benth.
George Bentham (22 September 1800 – 10 September 1884) was an English botanist, described by the weed botanist Duane Isely as "the premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century". Born into a distinguished family, he initially studie ...
''P. edulis'', ''P. montana'', and ''N. phaseoloides'' make up what is known as
kudzu
Kudzu (; also called Japanese arrowroot or Chinese arrowroot) is a group of climbing, coiling, and trailing deciduous perennial vines native to much of East Asia, Southeast Asia, and some Pacific islands, but invasive species, invasive in many ...
. The morphological differences between these species are subtle.
*** ''N. phaseoloides'' var. ''javanicus'' (= ''P. javanica'' (Benth.) Benth.)
*** ''N. phaseoloides'' var. ''phaseoloides''
*** ''N. phaseoloides'' var. ''subspicatus''
* ''
Teyleria
''Teyleria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It includes three species of twining herbs native to Indochina, southern China, Hainan, the Philippines, Java, and the Lesser Sunda Islands. Typical habitat is seasonally ...
Toxicopueraria
''Toxicopueraria'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Fabaceae.
Its native range is Pakistan to Southern China and Northern Indo-China
Mainland Southeast Asia, also known as the Indochinese Peninsula or Indochina, is th ...
Haymondia
''Haymondia'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Fabaceae. The only species is ''Haymondia wallichii''.
Its native range is Nepal to China (Yunnan) and Indo-China
Mainland Southeast Asia, also known as the Indo ...
'' A.N.Egan & B.Pan – notably lies out of Glycininae near Kennediinae; known for a long time to be misplaced
** '' P. wallichii'' DC. → ''H. wallichii''
The following names are not accepted even before Egan 2016 but have seen valid publication:
* ''P. omeiensis'' Wang et Tang – ''P. montana'': unaccepted name after
Mount Omei
Mount Emei (; ), alternately Mount Omei, is a mountain in Sichuan Province, China, and is the highest of the Four Sacred Buddhist Mountains of China. Mount Emei sits at the western rim of the Sichuan Basin. The mountains west of it are know ...
.
* ''P. stracheyi'' Baker → '' Apios carnea'' (Wall.) Benth. ex Baker.
* ''P. maclurei'' (F. P. Metcalf) F. J. Herm. → ''