Ptychalaea Mystica
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''Ptychalaea'' is a fossil
genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of very small, air-breathing
land snail A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known as ...
s, terrestrial
pulmonate Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includ ...
gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...
mollusc Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000  extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is esti ...
s in the family
Gastrocoptidae Gastrocoptidae is a family of minute, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Pupilloidea.Philippe Bouchet, Jean-Pierre Rocroi, Bernhard Hausdorf, Andrzej Kaim, Yasunori Kano, Alexander Nützel, ...
.Harzhauser M., Neubauer T.A., Georgopoulou E., Harl J. 2014
The Early Miocene (Burdigalian) mollusc fauna of the North Bohemian Lake (Most Basin)
//
Bulletin of Geosciences The ''Bulletin of Geosciences'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing original research papers, review articles, and short contributions. It covers all aspects of palaeoenvironmental geology, including palaeontology, stratigraphy, sedime ...
. Vol.89. No.4. P.819–908.
Balashov I.A. & Perkovsky E.E. 2020
An Eocene land snail ''Balticopta gusakovi'' gen.n., sp.n. (Stylommatophora: Gastrocoptidae) from Baltic amber
// Invertebrate Zoology. Vol.17. No.1: 18–24.


Taxonomy

The type species of the genus is fossil '' Ptychalaea flexidens'' (Reuss, 1861) from
Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recen ...
of
Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...
. In 1920 the extant snails from
Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
were placed into ''Ptychalaea'' - ''Nesopupa dedecora'' Pilsbry, 1902 and its form ''Nesopupa tamagonari'' Pilsbry, Hirase, 1904. Japanese species was established under the name '' Ptychalaea dedecora'' (Pilsbry, 1902). Although in 2018 it was shown that ''Nesopupa dedecora'' and its form ''Nesopupa tamagonari'' belong to genus '' Vertigo'' ( Vertiginidae) and on this basis it was erroneously concluded by J.C. Nekola with coauthors that ''Ptychalaea'' is synonym of '' Vertigo''. Although in fact it only means that ''Nesopupa dedecora'' is not a species of ''Ptychalaea'' and there should be no consequence for taxonomic status of this genus. The type species of ''Ptychalaea'', '' Ptychalaea flexidens'' from
Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recen ...
of
Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...
, is probably not related to extant ''Nesopupa dedecora'' from
Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
. Fossil species '' Ptychalaea mystica'' Stworzewicz & Pokryszko, 2015 from
Eocene The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name ''Eocene' ...
Baltic amber The Baltic region is home to the largest known deposit of amber, called Baltic amber or succinite. It was produced sometime during the Eocene epoch, but exactly when is controversial. It has been estimated that these forests created more than 1 ...
was also described in this genus.Stworzewicz, E., Pokryszko, B.M. (2015). A new pupilloid species and some other Eocene terrestrial gastropods from Baltic amber. Palaeontographica Abteilung A. 304(1-6): 65-75.


References


Links


MolluscaBase - Ptychalaea
{{Taxonbar, from=Q7257129 Stylommatophora Taxonomy articles created by Polbot