''Pterostylis pratensis'', commonly known as the Liawenee greenhood, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to Tasmania. Both flowering and non-flowering plants have a rosette of leaves lying flat on the ground. Flowering plants have up to twelve crowded white flowers with prominent green stripes. This greenhood only grows in low, exposed subalpine tussock grassland.

Description

''Pterostylis pratensis'', is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous,

herb In general use, herbs are a widely distributed and widespread group of plants, excluding vegetables and other plants consumed for macronutrients, with savory or aromatic properties that are used for flavoring and garnishing food, for medicinal ...

with an underground tuber. It has a rosette of between four and eight, egg-shaped leaves, each leaf long and wide lying flat on the ground. Between two and twelve crowded flowers are borne on a flowering spike high with two to six stem leaves wrapped around it. The flowers are white with prominent green stripes and long and about wide. The dorsal sepal and

petal Petals are modified Leaf, leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often advertising coloration, brightly colored or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. All of the petals of a flower are collectively known as the ''c ...

s are joined to form a hood called the "galea" over the column. The dorsal sepal is gently curved but suddenly curves downward near the tip and is about the same length as the petals. The lateral sepals turn downwards and are about long, wide, cupped with short tips about apart from each other. The labellum is long, about wide and whitish-green with a dark green, beak-like

appendage An appendage (or outgrowth) is an external body part, or natural prolongation, that protrudes from an organism's body. In arthropods, an appendage refers to any of the homologous body parts that may extend from a body segment, including anten ...

. Flowering occurs from November to December.

Taxonomy and naming

''Pterostylis pratensis'' was first formally described in 1998 by David Jones from a specimen collected near Great Lake and the description was published in ''Australian Orchid Research''. The

specific epithet In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, bot ...

(''pratensis'') is a Latin word meaning "found in meadows" referring to the highland habitat of this greenhood.

Distribution and habitat

Liawenee greenhood grows in ''

Poa labillardierei ''Poa labillardierei'', also known as common tussock-grass, is a species of tussock grass that is endemic to Australia. The species was formally described in 1854 by German botanist and physician Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel Ernst Gottlieb von ...

'' tussock grassland at altitudes of in exposed situations on the Central Plateau.

Conservation

''Pterostylis pratensis'' is listed as "vulnerable" under the Australian Government '' Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999'' and the Tasmanian Government '' Threatened Species Protection Act 1995''. There are eleven known populations of the species, only two of which are in conservation reserves. Determining population size is difficult but was estimated in 2008 to be at least 600. Threats to the species include grazing, cultivation and the use of fertilisers.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q15494017 pratensis Endemic orchids of Australia Orchids of Tasmania Plants described in 1998