Pterodroma sandwichensis

The Hawaiian petrel or ''uau'' (''Pterodroma sandwichensis'') is a large, dark grey-brown and white petrel that is endemic to Hawaii.

Distribution

The Hawaiian petrel was formerly found on all the main Hawaiian Islands except Niihau, but today it is mostly restricted to Haleakalā crater on Maui; smaller populations exist on Mauna Loa on the island of Hawaii, Waimea Canyon on the island of Kauai, Lānaihale on Lānai, and possibly Molokai.

It is also reportedly seen on the Galapagos Islands.

Behavior

Feeding

Their diet consists of 50–75% squid, and smaller percentages of fish and crustaceans.

Breeding

The birds nest in burrows or rock crevices. The breeding extends from March to October. The female lays one white egg. When the chick hatches, the parents go out to sea and feed during the day, and return only at night. They pass their food on to the chicks by means of regurgitation. The chicks are charcoal-gray colored and were considered a delicacy by early Hawaiians. Scientists previously thought that the petrels remained relatively close to shore during the breeding season. New research employing microwave telemetry shows that the birds travel as far as Alaska and Japan during two-week-long feeding trips.

When returning to nest burrows at night, adults make a distinctive moaning "oo-ah-oo". At their burrows, adult birds also make a variety of yaps, barks, and squeals. The petrel's flight is characterized by high, steeply banked arcs and glides. Their wings are long and narrow with a wingspan of . The wings and tail are sooty-colored. Their feet are bicolored pink and black.

Status and conservation

The Hawaiian petrel is an endangered species. In addition to loss of habitat from development, the greatest threats to the petrel are feral cats, small Asian mongooses, and rats, all of which feed on the helpless chicks when they are inside their burrows. In Haleakalā National Park, great efforts are being made to reduce the number of feral animals, to preserve not only the Hawaiian petrel, but also many other rare Hawaiian birds that fall victim to predation. Wires injure the rare petrels and city lights disorient them, contributing to their decline. The Hawaiian petrel was once considered conspecific with the dark-rumped petrel of the Galápagos islands, but was recently split to its own species.

At the recommendation of federal wildlife officials, Hawaii switched to digital television on 15 January 2009, a month ahead of the nationwide FCC mandatory conversion, in order to preserve the nesting season of the uau. Biologists didn't have an accurate count of how many of the species remained, but estimated fewer than 1,000 nested on Haleakalā volcano, their primary nesting area. The earlier digital conversion allowed nearby analog transmission towers to be destroyed without disrupting the nesting season, which begins in February.

See also

* Dark-rumped petrel

References

*(2005). ''Hawaii's Birds''. Hawaii Audubon Society. Sixth ed.

External links

*BirdLife International. (2005). Species factsheet: Pterodroma sandwichensis. Downloaded fro
BirdLife International
on Nov. 3, 2005.
*Oikonos. (September 2007). New Project: The Mystery of the Uau


Haleakalā National Park
*

{{Taxonbar, from=Q524533

Pterodroma
Biota of Kauai
Biota of Maui
Endemic birds of Hawaii
Birds described in 1884
ESA endangered species
Taxa named by Robert Ridgway