''Psychotria'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of
flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...
s in the
family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
Rubiaceae
The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules ...
. It contains 1,582 species and is therefore one of the largest genera of flowering plants.
The genus has a pantropical distribution and members of the genus are small
understorey
In forestry and ecology, understory (American English), or understorey (Commonwealth English), also known as underbrush or undergrowth, includes plant life growing beneath the forest canopy without penetrating it to any great extent, but abov ...
tree
In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are ...
s in
tropical forest
Tropical forests (a.k.a. jungle) are forested landscapes in tropical regions: ''i.e.'' land areas approximately bounded by the tropic of Cancer and Capricorn, but possibly affected by other factors such as prevailing winds.
Some tropical fores ...
s. Some species are endangered or facing
extinct
Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...
ion due to
deforestation
Deforestation or forest clearance is the removal of a forest or stand of trees from land that is then converted to non-forest use. Deforestation can involve conversion of forest land to farms, ranches, or urban use. The most concentrated d ...
, especially species of central
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...
and the
Pacific
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continen ...
.
Many species, including ''
Psychotria viridis
''Psychotria viridis'', also known as ''chacruna'', ''chacrona'', or ''chaqruy'' in the Quechua languages, is a perennial, shrubby flowering plant in the coffee family Rubiaceae. It is a close relative of '' Psychotria carthagenensis'' (a.k.a. ' ...
'', produce the
psychedelic
Psychedelics are a subclass of hallucinogenic drugs whose primary effect is to trigger non-ordinary states of consciousness (known as psychedelic experiences or "trips").Pollan, Michael (2018). ''How to Change Your Mind: What the New Science of ...
chemical
dimethyltryptamine
''N'',''N''-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT or ''N'',''N''-DMT, SPL026) is a substituted tryptamine that occurs in many plants and animals, including human beings, and which is both a derivative and a structural analog of tryptamine. It is used as a ...
(DMT).
Selected species
* ''
Psychotria abdita''
* ''
Psychotria acutiflora
''Psychotria acutiflora'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is Endemism, endemic to Ecuador.
References
Flora of Ecuador
Psychotria, acutiflora
Data deficient plants
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
{{Rubiaceae-stub ...
''
* ''
Psychotria adamsonii''
* ''
Psychotria alsophila''
* ''
Psychotria angustata''
* ''
Psychotria atricaulis''
* ''
Psychotria beddomei
''Psychotria beddomei'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Kerala
Kerala ( ; ) is a state on the Malabar Coast of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, following the passage of the States Reorganisation ...
''
* ''
Psychotria bimbiensis
''Psychotria bimbiensis'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Cameroon. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss
Habitat destruction (also termed hab ...
''
* ''
Psychotria bryonicola
''Psychotria bryonicola'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Jamaica
Jamaica (; ) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning in area, it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles ...
''
* ''
Psychotria camerunensis''
* ''
Psychotria capensis''
* ''
Psychotria carronis''
* ''
Psychotria carthagenensis
''Psychotria carthagenensis'', also known as amyruca, is a South American rainforest understory shrub from the coffee family, Rubiaceae. It grows from the tropics of South America to Mexico.
Unlike other Psychotria species, it has been found ...
''
* ''
Psychotria cathetoneura
''Psychotria cathetoneura'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; ...
''
* ''
Psychotria cernua'
* ''
Psychotria chalconeura
''Psychotria chalconeura'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest
A forest is an area of land do ...
''
* ''
Psychotria chimboracensis''
* ''
Psychotria clarendonensis''
* ''
Psychotria clusioides''
* ''
Psychotria colorata
''Psychotria colorata'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It has been documented in an ethnobotanical context among the Ka'apor people of Maranhão, Brazil by Dr. William Balée, the Tulane University anthropologist and historical e ...
''
* ''
Psychotria congesta''
* ''
Psychotria cookei''
* ''
Psychotria crassipetala''
* ''
Psychotria cuneifolia
''Psychotria cuneifolia'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador
Ecuador ( ; ; Quechua: ''Ikwayur''; Shuar: ''Ecuador'' or ''Ekuatur''), officially the Republic of Ecuador ( es, República del Ecuador, w ...
''
* ''
Psychotria cyathicalyx''
* ''
Psychotria dallachiana''
* ''
Psychotria dasyophthalma''
* ''
Psychotria densinervia''
* ''
Psychotria deverdiana''
* ''
Psychotria dolichantha''
* ''
Psychotria domatiata''
* ''
Psychotria dubia''
* ''
Psychotria dura''
* ''
Psychotria elachistantha''
* ''
Psychotria expansa''
* ''
Psychotria fernandopoensis''
* ''
Psychotria foetens''
* ''
Psychotria forsteriana
''Psychotria forsteriana'' is a South American rainforest understory shrub from the family Rubiaceae
The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, ...
''
* ''
Psychotria franchetiana
''Psychotria franchetiana'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to French Polynesia
)Territorial motto: ( en, "Great Tahiti of the Golden Haze")
, anthem =
, song_type = Regional anthem
, song = " Ia Ora 'O Tahiti N ...
''
* ''
Psychotria fusiformis''
* ''
Psychotria gardneri''
* ''
Psychotria glandulifera''
* ''
Psychotria globicephala
''Psychotria globicephala'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is native to Kerala and Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu (; , TN) is a States and union territories of India, state in southern India. It is the List of states and union t ...
''
* ''
Psychotria grandiflora''
* ''
Psychotria grantii''
* ''
Psychotria greenwelliae''
* ''
Psychotria guerkeana
''Psychotria guerkeana'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to São Tomé Island and is listed as vulnerable by the IUCN. It was named and described by Karl Moritz Schumann
Karl Moritz Schumann (17 June 1851 – 2 ...
''
* ''
Psychotria hanoverensis
''Psychotria hanoverensis'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Jamaica
Jamaica (; ) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning in area, it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antille ...
''
* ''
Psychotria hierniana''
* ''
Psychotria hobdyi''
* ''
Psychotria insularum
''Psychotria insularum'' is a rainforest understory shrub from the coffee family, Rubiaceae. Its native range is the South Pacific.
It has traditional uses in herbal medicine. In 2021, the potent anti-inflammatory rutin was isolated from ''P. ...
''
* ''
Psychotria lanceifolia''
* ''
Psychotria ligustrifolia''
* ''
Psychotria longipetiolata''
* ''
Psychotria loniceroides''
* ''
Psychotria macrocarpa
''Psychotria macrocarpa'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is native to Kerala and Tamil Nadu in India.
References
macrocarpa
''Hesperocyparis macrocarpa'' is a coniferous tree. It is commonly known as the Monterey cyp ...
''
* ''
Psychotria marchionica''
* ''
Psychotria mariana''
* ''
Psychotria mariniana
''Psychotria mariniana'', the forest wild coffee or ''kōpiko'', is a tree endemic to Hawaii. The plant belongs to the Rubiaceae (coffee) family, subfamily Rubioidae. It is a tree of varying size with a dark bark, shiny leaves, and orange oval ...
''
* ''
Psychotria megalopus''
* ''
Psychotria megistantha
''Psychotria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 1,582 species and is therefore one of the largest genera of flowering plants. The genus has a pantropical distribution and members of the genus are small understor ...
''
* ''
Psychotria minimicalyx''
* ''
Psychotria moseskemei''
* ''
Psychotria nervosa
''Psychotria nervosa'', also known as Seminole balsamo or wild coffee, is a shade tolerant medium-sized shrub native to Florida as well as the West Indies and Central and South America. It produces a "small, red, ellipsoid fruit" that resembles " ...
''
* ''
Psychotria peteri''
* ''
Psychotria petitii
''Psychotria petitii'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Taita Hills in Kenya and threatened by habitat loss
Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natura ...
''
* ''
Psychotria plicata
''Psychotria plicata'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Jamaica
Jamaica (; ) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning in area, it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles and ...
''
* ''
Psychotria plurivenia''
* ''
Psychotria podocarpa''
* ''
Psychotria pseudoplatyphylla''
* ''
Psychotria punctata
''Psychotria punctata'', the dotted wild coffee, is a species of plants in the family Rubiaceae.
Distribution
This species can be found from Southern Somalia to Mozambique and Comoros
The Comoros,, ' officially the Union of the Comoros,; ...
''
* ''
Psychotria raivavaensis''
* ''
Psychotria rhonhofiae''
* ''
Psychotria rimbachii''
* ''
Psychotria rostrata
''Psychotria rostrata'' is a South American rainforest understory shrub from the coffee family, Rubiaceae.
References
rostrata Rostratus (masculine), rostrata (feminine) or rostratum (neuter) is a Latin adjective meaning "beaked, curved, hoo ...
''
* ''
Psychotria rufipilis''
* ''
Psychotria saloiana''
* ''
Psychotria siphonophora''
* ''
Psychotria sodiroi
''Psychotria sodiroi'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador
Ecuador ( ; ; Quechua: ''Ikwayur''; Shuar: ''Ecuador'' or ''Ekuatur''), officially the Republic of Ecuador ( es, República del Ecuador, whic ...
''
* ''
Psychotria sordida''
* ''
Psychotria speciosa''
* ''
Psychotria srilankensis''
* ''
Psychotria tahitensis''
* ''
Psychotria taitensis''
* ''
Psychotria tenuifolia''
* ''
Psychotria tubuaiensis
''Psychotria tubuaiensis'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to the Tubuai Islands of French Polynesia
)Territorial motto: ( en, "Great Tahiti of the Golden Haze")
, anthem =
, song_type = Regional anthem
, song ...
''
* ''
Psychotria viridis
''Psychotria viridis'', also known as ''chacruna'', ''chacrona'', or ''chaqruy'' in the Quechua languages, is a perennial, shrubby flowering plant in the coffee family Rubiaceae. It is a close relative of '' Psychotria carthagenensis'' (a.k.a. ' ...
''
* ''
Psychotria waasii
''Psychotria waasii'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ...
''
* ''
Psychotria woytkowskii''
* ''
Psychotria zombamontana''
Formerly placed here
* ''
Psychotria elata
''Palicourea elata'', formerly ''Psychotria elata'', commonly known as girlfriend kiss and labios de puta, is a tropical plant that ranges from Central to South American rain forests in countries such as Mexico, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, and ...
'' = ''Palicourea elata''
* ''
Psychotria poeppigiana'' = ''Palicourea tomentosa''
Image gallery
File:Psychotria asiatica botyouji01.jpg, ''Psychotria asiatica
''Psychotria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 1,582 species and is therefore one of the largest genera of flowering plants. The genus has a pantropical distribution and members of the genus are small understor ...
''
File:九節木Psychotria rubra 20210609155251 25.jpg, Many nodes on the branches are the main feature of ''Psychotria asiatica
''Psychotria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 1,582 species and is therefore one of the largest genera of flowering plants. The genus has a pantropical distribution and members of the genus are small understor ...
''
File:Psychotria elliptica.jpg, '' Psychotria elliptica''
File:Psychotria viridis.gif, ''Psychotria viridis
''Psychotria viridis'', also known as ''chacruna'', ''chacrona'', or ''chaqruy'' in the Quechua languages, is a perennial, shrubby flowering plant in the coffee family Rubiaceae. It is a close relative of '' Psychotria carthagenensis'' (a.k.a. ' ...
''
File:Psychotria ankasensis.jpg, '' Psychotria ankasensis''
File:Psychotria nervosa-cropped.jpg, ''Psychotria nervosa
''Psychotria nervosa'', also known as Seminole balsamo or wild coffee, is a shade tolerant medium-sized shrub native to Florida as well as the West Indies and Central and South America. It produces a "small, red, ellipsoid fruit" that resembles " ...
''
File:Psychotria capensis-original.jpg, '' Psychotria capensis''
See also
*
List of the largest genera of flowering plants
There are over 56 genera of flowering plants estimated to contain at least 500 described species. The largest of these is currently the legume genus ''Astragalus'' (milk-vetches), with over 3,000 species.
The sizes of plant genera vary widely fr ...
References
Psychotria L. Plants of the World OnlineAccepted species Plants of the World Online
External links
''Psychotria'' in the World Checklist of Rubiaceae
{{Taxonbar, from=Q904250
Rubiaceae genera
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus