Psittacanthus Biternatus

''Psittacanthus biternatus'' is a species of mistletoe in the family Loranthaceae, which is native to
Brazil, Venezuela, and Colombia.

Description

Kuijt describes ''Psittacanthus biternatus'' as having:
*paired leaves are broadly obovate (egg shaped) to nearly round, with obtuse bases and apices rounded, with petioles 8–10 mm long, with often obscure palmate to pinnate venation;
* branches and stems are circular in cross-section;
* the inflorescence is axillary only;
*the peduncles of the inflorescence, of the triad, and the pedicel of the flower are all 6–7 mm long, and are red;
*the straight or nearly straight buds are about 4 cm long;
*all parts (including the inflorescence and buds) have short dense papillae (nipple like structures);
*the inner floral tube has red hairs below the anthers;
* the base of the style is smooth (glabrous);
* petals colored red at the base and orange or yellow at the apex;
* the ellipsoidal fruits are 10–12 mm long, 9–10 mm long; and are black when ripe, and are not crowned;
* the seeds are 7–9 mm long, 5 mm wide, and have 2-3 cotyledons.

It is hemiparasitic and has no epicortical roots.

''Psittacanthus biternatus'' is distinguished from other ''Psittacanthus'' species by its generally obovate or circular leaves, its axillary inflorescences in the older branches and its main and secondary peduncles being red, and its uncrowned black fruit.

It flowers and fruits throughout the year and is pollinated by hummingbirds and dispersed by birds (tyrannids and traupids). It parasites several species of angiosperms, but more frequently ''Pouteria ramiflora'', '' Byrsonima coccolobifolia'' and '' B. crassifolia''.

Distribution

In Brazil, it is found in the Amazon Rainforest, Caatinga, Central Brazilian Savanna, and the Atlantic Rainforest, inhabiting the vegetation types of
Caatinga, Amazonian Campinarana, Cerrado, riverine forest and/or gallery forest, Terra Firme Forest, Várzea forest, and coastal forest(Restinga).

Taxonomy

''Psittacanthus biternatus'' was first described by Johann Centurius Hoffmannsegg in 1829 as ''Loranthus biternatus'', and in 1834, George Don reassigned it to the newly described
genus ''Psittacanthus''.

Etymology

''Psittacanthos'' comes from the Greek ''psittakos'' (parrot), and the Greek ''anthos'' (flower), possibly chosen, according to Don, because of the bright colours. The specific epithet, ''biternatus'', is the Latin for ''twice ternate'', which according to StearnStearn, W.S. (1992) Botanical Latin (4th Ed.) p. 376. Timber Press, Oregon. means ''each of the three main divisions, being itself divided in three''. In this case, it refers to the inflorescence which is an umbel of triads, which is often a pair (see illustration on p 89 of Kuijt).

References

External links

*von Martius, C.F.P. 1867
Flora Brasiliensis 5(2) p.32Tab 9. GBIF.org (19 August 2018) GBIF Occurrence Data for ''Psittacanthus biternatus'' (Hoffmanns.) G.DonFlickr: Photograph of ''Psittacanthus biternatus'' (photographer Mauricio Mercadante)

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biternatus
Flora of Brazil
Flora of Colombia
Flora of Venezuela
Taxa named by George Don
Plants described in 1829