''Pseuduvaria macrophylla'' is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Peninsular Malaysia,

Sumatra Sumatra is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. It is the largest island that is fully within Indonesian territory, as well as the sixth-largest island in the world at 473,481 km2 (182,812 mi.2), not including adjacent i ...

and Thailand. Daniel Oliver, the English botanists who first formally described the species using the synonym ''Mitrephora macrophylla'', named it after its large leaves (Latinized forms of Greek , makros and , phullon).

Description

It is a tree reaching 14 meters in height. The young, yellow-brown to dark brown branches are densely covered in hairs. Its elliptical to egg-shaped, papery to leathery leaves are 12–29.5 by 4-11 centimeters. The leaves have pointed to wedge-shaped to blunt bases and tapering tips, with the tapering portion 5-22 millimeters long. The leaves are hairless on their upper and lower surfaces. The leaves have 12-22 pairs of secondary veins emanating from their midribs. Its densely hairy petioles are 2-12 by 1–3.5 millimeters with a broad groove on their upper side. Its Inflorescences occur alone or in pairs on branches, and are organized on indistinct peduncles. Each inflorescence has a 1-2 flowers. Each flower is on a very densely hairy

pedicel Pedicle or pedicel may refer to: Human anatomy *Pedicle of vertebral arch, the segment between the transverse process and the vertebral body, and is often used as a radiographic marker and entry point in vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty procedures ...

that is 3-18 by 0.3-1.1 millimeters. The pedicels are organized on a rachis up to 5 millimeters long that have up to 3

bract In botany, a bract is a modified or specialized leaf, especially one associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower, inflorescence axis or cone scale. Bracts are usually different from foliage leaves. They may be smaller, larger, or of ...

s. The pedicels have a medial, slightly hairy

that is 0.3-1 millimeters long. Its flowers are unisexual. Its flowers have 3 triangular

sepals A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 The term ''sepalum'' was coined b ...

, that are 1–2.5 by 1–2.5 millimeters and partially fused at their base. The sepals are hairless on their upper surface, very densely hairy on their lower surface, and hairy at their margins. Its 6 petals are arranged in two rows of 3. The outer petals are dark red, pink-purple, or purple. The oval to elliptical, outer petals are 1.5-4 by 2–3.5 millimeters with hairless upper surfaces and sparsely to densely hairy lower surfaces. The inner petals are dark red or purple. The heart-shaped to triangular, inner petals have a 2-5 millimeter long claw at their base and a 4-11 by 2-7 millimeter blade. The inner petals have heart-shaped to flat bases and pointed tips. The inner petals are hairless on their upper surface, except near their tips, and densely hairy on their lower surfaces. The inner petals have an elliptical, smooth, prominently raised gland on their upper surface. Male flowers have up to 55-65

stamen The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filame ...

s that are 0.7-1.3 by 0.4-0.8 millimeters. Female flowers have 11-17

carpels Gynoecium (; ) is most commonly used as a collective term for the parts of a flower that produce ovules and ultimately develop into the fruit and seeds. The gynoecium is the innermost whorl of a flower; it consists of (one or more) ''pistils'' ...

that are 1.2-2.1 by 0.6-1 millimeters. Each carpel has 2-5 ovules arranged in two rows. The female flowers have 3-9 sterile stamens. The fruit occur in clusters of 3–15 on slightly hairy pedicles that are 10-30 by 1–2.5 millimeters. The dark brown, globe-shaped fruit are 7-17 by 5-15 millimeters. The fruit are smooth, and very densely hairy. Each fruit has 4-5 hemispherical to lens-shaped seeds that are 8-9 by 5–7.5 by 2.5-5 millimeters. The seeds are very wrinkly.

Reproductive biology

The pollen of ''P. macrophylla'' is shed as permanent tetrads.

Habitat and distribution

It has been observed growing in well-drained sand-loam, sand-clay and red soils in lowland and

submontane Foothills or piedmont are geographically defined as gradual increases in elevation at the base of a mountain range, higher hill range or an upland area. They are a transition zone between plains and low relief hills and the adjacent topograp ...

forests at elevations of 50–1500 meters.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q15365832 macrophylla Flora of Peninsular Malaysia Flora of Sumatra Flora of Thailand Plants described in 1887 Taxa named by Daniel Oliver