''Pseudochaenichthys'' is a

monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispe ...

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...

of marine

ray-finned fish Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fishes, is a class of bony fish. They comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. The ray-finned fishes are so called because their fins are webs of skin supported by bony or h ...

belonging to the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Channichthyidae The crocodile icefish or white-blooded fish comprise a family (Channichthyidae) of notothenioid fish found in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica. They are the only known vertebrates to lack hemoglobin in their blood as adults. Icefish populatio ...

, the

crocodile icefish The crocodile icefish or white-blooded fish comprise a family (Channichthyidae) of notothenioid fish found in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica. They are the only known vertebrates to lack hemoglobin in their blood as adults. Icefish populatio ...

es. Its only member is ''Pseudochaenichthys georgianus'', the South Georgia icefish, which is found in the Southern Ocean.

Taxonomy

''Pseudochaenichthys'' was first described as a genus in 1937 by the English ichthyologist

John Roxborough Norman John Roxborough Norman (1898, Wandsworth, London – 26 May 1944, Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire) was an English ichthyologist. He started as a clerk in a bank. His lifetime affliction with rheumatic fever began during his military service during the ...

when he was describing its only species ''Pseudochaenichthys georgianus''. The type locality of ''P. georgianus'' is

South Georgia Island South Georgia ( es, Isla San Pedro) is an island in the South Atlantic Ocean that is part of the British Overseas Territory of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. It lies around east of the Falkland Islands. Stretching in the east� ...

. The genus name is a compound of ''pseudo'' which means "false" and ''Chaenichthys'', an alternative spelling for '' Channichthys'', probably an allusion to its similarity of fishes in that genus. The specific name ''georgianus'' means that it belongs to (South) Georgia.

Description

''Pseudochaenichthys'', the South Georgia icefish, is a dark greyish-green species with blackish first

dorsal Dorsal (from Latin ''dorsum'' ‘back’) may refer to: * Dorsal (anatomy), an anatomical term of location referring to the back or upper side of an organism or parts of an organism * Dorsal, positioned on top of an aircraft's fuselage * Dorsal c ...

and pelvic fins. The pelvic fins have white outer borders. The

dorsal fin A dorsal fin is a fin located on the back of most marine and freshwater vertebrates within various taxa of the animal kingdom. Many species of animals possessing dorsal fins are not particularly closely related to each other, though through c ...

has 7 to 9 spines and 28 to 32 soft rays while the anal fin has 27 to 31 soft rays. There is a forward curving spine on the snout, a projecting lower jaw and there are 4 to 5 spines on the operculum. There are 3 lateral lines which do not have any bony plates on them. It has wide, fan shaped pelvic fins , the first and second dorsal fins are clearly separated and the

caudal fin Fins are distinctive anatomical features composed of bony spines or rays protruding from the body of a fish. They are covered with skin and joined together either in a webbed fashion, as seen in most bony fish, or similar to a flipper, as ...

is rounded. This species grows to a

total length Fish measurement is the measuring of individual fish and various parts of their anatomies. These data are used in many areas of ichthyology, including taxonomy and fisheries biology. Overall length * Standard length (SL) is the length of a fish ...

of although a more typical total length is . It is thought to attain sexual maturity at . The maximum published weight of this species is .

Distribution and habitat

''Pseudochaenichthys georgianus'' is known only from the waters off the northern Antarctic Peninsula and the

Scotia Sea The Scotia Sea is a sea located at the northern edge of the Southern Ocean at its boundary with the South Atlantic Ocean. It is bounded on the west by the Drake Passage and on the north, east, and south by the Scotia Arc, an undersea ridge and ...

. It is a demersal species which occurs from surface waters to a depth of .

Biology

''Pseudochaenichthys georgianus'' adults feed mainly on krill, especially Antarctic krill (''Euphasia superba'') and fishes, mainly channichthyids and nototheniids) . This species is a synchronous spawner and spawning takes place in autumn, with the eggs hatching from August to October.

Fisheries

''Pseudochaenichthys georgianus'' is of minor importance to

commercial fisheries Commercial fishing is the activity of catching fish and other seafood for commercial profit, mostly from wild fisheries. It provides a large quantity of food to many countries around the world, but those who practice it as an industry must often p ...

, being a regular bycatch species in trawls.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q718844 Channichthyidae Monotypic fish genera Fish of the Southern Ocean Fauna of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Fish described in 1937 Taxa named by John Roxborough Norman