''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms

Platyhelminthes The flatworms, flat worms, Platyhelminthes, or platyhelminths (from the Greek language, Greek πλατύ, ''platy'', meaning "flat" and ἕλμινς (root: ἑλμινθ-), ''helminth-'', meaning "worm") are a Phylum (biology), phylum of relati ...

Description

Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled

pharynx The pharynx (plural: pharynges) is the part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity, and above the oesophagus and trachea (the tubes going down to the stomach and the lungs). It is found in vertebrates and invertebrates, though its struc ...

, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as

chemoreceptors A chemoreceptor, also known as chemosensor, is a specialized sensory receptor which transduces a chemical substance (endogenous or induced) to generate a biological signal. This signal may be in the form of an action potential, if the chemorecept ...

and may also have primitive eyes, simple light-sensitive cells, on them. The Polyclad worms are

acoelomates The coelom (or celom) is the main body cavity in most animals and is positioned inside the Body (biology), body to surround and contain the digestive tract and other Organ (biology), organs. In some animals, it is lined with mesothelium. In other ...

and

bilaterally symmetrical Symmetry in biology refers to the symmetry observed in organisms, including plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria. External symmetry can be easily seen by just looking at an organism. For example, take the face of a human being which has a pla ...

. Color is the main identifier within the family

Pseudocerotidae Pseudocerotidae is a family of flatworms which includes the Bedford's flatworm. Pseudocerotidae are simple organisms categorized by their oval bodies and tentacles and bright colors. They use the cilia to glide along surfaces. Most commonly refer ...

to separate it into genera, as it can be difficult to distinguish internal reproductive anatomy between genera. Because of the similarities in body plan and structure, it is assumed that chemical cues are how these organisms can recognize their own species and differentiate between others. The intense coloring and patterning on these flatworms could be used to camouflage with their surroundings, confuse and elude predators, to communicate with other members of the species, or as

aposematism Aposematism is the advertising by an animal to potential predators that it is not worth attacking or eating. This unprofitability may consist of any defences which make the prey difficult to kill and eat, such as toxicity, venom, foul taste or ...

to warn predators of their deadly toxins. The cells and the pigments they contain that are responsible for this coloring have not been well-studied, but one common theory is that they may be

ommochrome Ommochrome (or visual pigment) refers to several biological pigments that occur in the eyes of crustaceans and insects. The eye color is determined by the ommochromes. Ommochromes are also found in the chromatophores of cephalopods, and in spiders ...

pigments, although no discoveries have been made to prove this.

Distribution

''Pseudoceros'' are generally found in tropical and subtropical waters. They are populous in the

Indo-Pacific The Indo-Pacific is a vast biogeographic region of Earth. In a narrow sense, sometimes known as the Indo-West Pacific or Indo-Pacific Asia, it comprises the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean, the western and central Pacific Ocean, and the ...

region and have been found as far north as

Puget Sound Puget Sound ( ) is a sound of the Pacific Northwest, an inlet of the Pacific Ocean, and part of the Salish Sea. It is located along the northwestern coast of the U.S. state of Washington. It is a complex estuarine system of interconnected ma ...

, where ''

Pseudoceros canadensis ''Pseudoceros canadensis'' is a species of free-living, flatworm in the genus ''Pseudoceros'', belonging to the family Pseudocerotidae. Physical characteristics These flatworms are acoelomate bilaterians. They lack respiratory and circulatory ...

'' has been identified, but mostly tend to stay in warmer waters.

Reproduction

''Pseudoceros'' are simultaneous hermaphrodites and reproduce sexually via random

hypodermic insemination Traumatic insemination, also known as hypodermic insemination, is the mating practice in some species of invertebrates in which the male pierces the female's abdomen with his aedeagus and injects his sperm through the wound into her abdominal ca ...

through the body tissue. These organisms participate in

penis fencing __NOTOC__ Penis fencing is a mating behavior engaged in by many species of flatworm, such as '' Pseudobiceros hancockanus''. Species which engage in the practice are hermaphroditic; each individual has both egg-producing ovaries and sperm-produci ...

, which is a behavior where the flatworms use their extended penises to stab and inseminate the other, while avoiding becoming inseminated themselves. After successful fertilization, these flatworms are known to lay egg masses on the

benthos Benthos (), also known as benthon, is the community of organisms that live on, in, or near the bottom of a sea, river, lake, or stream, also known as the benthic zone. Numbers of eggs, egg size, and developmental time vary between species. ''Pseudoceros'' ''indicus'' will display parental care in the form of

brooding Egg incubation is the process by which an egg, of oviparous (egg-laying) animals, develops an embryo within the egg, after the egg's formation and ovipositional release. Egg incubation is done under favorable environmental conditions, possib ...

activity. ''Pseudoceros'' will hatch into Muller's larvae and undergo indirect development and

metamorphosis Metamorphosis is a biological process by which an animal physically develops including birth or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's body structure through cell growth and differentiation. Some inse ...

before becoming an adult organism.

History & taxonomy

Historically, studying flatworms has been a time and labor-intensive job, generally done through live drawings of specimens, preservation of hard parts (which led to the loss of important information pertaining to the soft parts), and very detailed anatomical studies based on serial sections. More recent technological advances have allowed for scientists to combine

photomicrography A micrograph or photomicrograph is a photograph or digital image taken through a microscope or similar device to show a magnified image of an object. This is opposed to a macrograph or photomacrograph, an image which is also taken on a mi ...

with molecular analyses to more easily study these organisms. There is currently no consensus on what the best method of identification for ''Pseudoceros'' is. The two main theories are that species can be identified solely based on their color patterns and that species should be identified based on their reproductive organs instead of coloration. Because of this, identification methods vary within the biological community. In concordance with the theory that species should be identified based on color patterns, a new method for preserving ''Pseudoceros'' samples was developed in 1995 by Cannon and Newman. This method utilizes FCA-PGPP, or Formaldehyde Calcium Acetate-Propylene Glycol, Propylene Phenoxetol, as the fixative. The worms are placed onto filter paper which is placed on top of a frozen layer of the fixative, and this preserves color accurately. As of 2000, there are 13 genera in the family

that comprise an estimated at least 500 species, of which the genus ''Pseudoceros'' made up about 75% until the genus ''

Pseudobiceros ''Pseudobiceros'' is a genus of flatworms. Like all flatworms, Pseudobiceros are hermaphrodites. This particular genus engages in penis fencing. When the "winner" touches its penis to the "skin" of the other, insemination occurs, and the "loser" ...

'' was separated.

Species

The following species are recognised in the genus ''Pseudoceros'': *''

Pseudoceros affinis ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' (Collingwood, 1876) *''

Pseudoceros agattiensis ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Dixit, 2019 *''

Pseudoceros albicornus ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' (Stimpson, 1857) *''

Pseudoceros albomarginatus ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

Hyman Surname Hyman is the surname of: * Alan Hyman (1910–1999), author and screenwriter * Alexander C. Hyman (Born 1993), American Businessman * Albert Hyman (1893–1972), co-inventor of the artificial pacemaker * Anthony Hyman (disambiguation), se ...

, 1959 *'' Pseudoceros asamusiensis'' Kato, 1939 *''

Pseudoceros astrorum ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Bulnes & Torres, 2014 *''

Pseudoceros ater ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

, 1959 *'' Pseudoceros atraviridis'' (Collingwood, 1876) *''

Pseudoceros atropurpureus ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Kato, 1934 *''

Pseudoceros auranticrinis ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Dixit, Raghunathan & Chandra, 2017 *''

Pseudoceros bicolor ''Pseudoceros bicolor'', known as the two-colored flatworm, is a rare species of polycladid flatworm. Reproduction Two-colored flatworms have a simultaneous hermaphrodite quality that display hypodermic insemination, the reproductive mode of ...

'' Verrill, 1902 *'' Pseudoceros bicuti'' Ramos-Sanchez, Bahia & Rolando Bastida-Zavala, 2020 *''

Pseudoceros bifasciatus ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Prudhoe, 1989 *'' Pseudoceros bimarginatus'' Meixner, 1907 *'' Pseudoceros bipurpureus'' Dixit, 2021 *''

Pseudoceros bolool ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Newman & Cannon, 1994 *'' Pseudoceros buskii'' (Collingwood, 1876) *'' Pseudoceros caeruleocinctus'' Hyman, 1959 *''

Pseudoceros caeruleopunctatus ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Palombi, 1928 *''

, 1953 *'' Pseudoceros cardinalis'' Haswell, 1907 *'' Pseudoceros cardiosorus'' (

Schmarda Ludwig Karl Schmarda (23 August 1819 – 7 April 1908) was an Austrian naturalist and traveler, born at Olmütz, Moravia. Early life and education Schmarda was born at Olmütz where he attended the Grammar School and the Philosophical Course a ...

, 1859) *''

Pseudoceros cerebralis ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' (Kelaart, 1858) *''

Pseudoceros chloreus ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Marcus, 1949 *'' Pseudoceros clavicornis'' (

, 1859) *''

Pseudoceros coccineus ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' (Stimpson, 1857) *'' Pseudoceros colemani'' Prudhoe, 1977 *'' Pseudoceros collingwoodi'' Laidlaw, 1903 *'' Pseudoceros concinnus'' ( Collingwood, 1876) *''

Pseudoceros confusus ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Newman & Cannon, 1995 *'' Pseudoceros contrarius'' Newman & Cannon, 1995 *'' Pseudoceros corallophilus'' Hyman, 1954 *''

Pseudoceros cruentus ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Newman & Cannon, 1998 *''

Pseudoceros devisii ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Woodworth, 1898 *''

Pseudoceros dimidiatus ''Pseudoceros dimidiatus'', the divided flatworm or tiger flatworm, is a species of flatworm in the genus ''Pseudoceros'', belonging to the family Pseudocerotidae. Description ''Pseudoceros dimidiatus'' grows to be up to . The body is elongat ...

'' von Graff, 1893 *''

Pseudoceros dulcis ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Kelaart, 1858 *'' Pseudoceros duplicinctus'' Prudhoe, 1989 *'' Pseudoceros exoptatus'' Kato, 1938 *'' Pseudoceros felis'' Newman & Cannon, 1994 *'' Pseudoceros ferrugineus'' (

, 1959) *''

Pseudoceros flavomaculatus ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Graff, 1893 *'' Pseudoceros flavomarginatus'' Laidlaw, 1902 *'' Pseudoceros fulminatus'' (Stimpson, 1855) *'' Pseudoceros fuscogriseus''

, 1959 *'' Pseudoceros fuscopunctatus'' Prudhoe, 1977 *'' Pseudoceros fuscus'' (Kelaart, 1858) *''

Pseudoceros galatheensis ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Dixit, Raghunathan & Chandra, 2017 *'' Pseudoceros galaxea'' Dixit, 2021 *'' Pseudoceros gamblei'' Laidlaw, 1902 *''

Pseudoceros glaucus ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Prudhoe, 1989 *''

Pseudoceros goslineri ''Pseudoceros goslineri'', the Gosliner flatworm, is a marine flatworm species that belongs to the family Pseudocerotidae. Distribution It is found in the tropical Indo-Pacific, from the eastern coast of Africa to the Micronesia, including th ...

'' Newman & Cannon, 1994 *''

Pseudoceros gravieri ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Meixner, 1907 *''

Pseudoceros griseus ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

, 1959 *''

Pseudoceros guttatomarginatus ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' (Stimpson, 1855) *'' Pseudoceros habroptilus'' Hyman, 1959 *'' Pseudoceros haddoni'' (Laidlaw, 1903) *''

Pseudoceros hancockanus ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' (Collingwood, 1876) *''

Pseudoceros harrisi ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Bolanos, Quiroga, & Litvaitis, 2007 *''

Pseudoceros heronensis ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Newman & Cannon, 1994 *'' Pseudoceros imitatus'' Newman & Cannon, 1994 *''

Pseudoceros imperatus ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Newman & Cannon, 1998 *''

Pseudoceros indicus ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Newman & Schupp, 2002 *''

Pseudoceros intermittus ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Newman & Cannon, 1995 *'' Pseudoceros interruptus'' (Stimpson, 1855) *''

Pseudoceros irretitus ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Newman & Cannon, 1998 *'' Pseudoceros japonicus'' (Stimpson, 1857) *''

Pseudoceros jebborum ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Newman & Cannon, 1994 *''

Pseudoceros josei ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Newman & Cannon, 1998 *''

Pseudoceros juani ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Bahia et al., 2014 *'' Pseudoceros kelaarti'' (Collingwood, 1876) *''

Pseudoceros kentii ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Graff, 1893 *''

Pseudoceros kylie ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Newman & Cannon, 1998 *'' Pseudoceros lacteus'' ( Collingwood, 1876) *'' Pseudoceros lactolimbus'' Newman & Cannon, 1998 *'' Pseudoceros laingensis'' Newman & Cannon, 1998 *'' Pseudoceros langamaakensis'' Faubel, 1983 *''

Pseudoceros laticlavus ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Newman & Cannon, 1994 *''

Pseudoceros latissimus type A ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' (

, 1859) *''

Pseudoceros leptostictus ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Bock, 1913 *''

Pseudoceros limbatus ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Leuckart, 1828 *'' Pseudoceros lindae'' Newman & Cannon, 1994 *''

Pseudoceros liparus ''Pseudoceros bifurcus'' is a marine flatworm species that belongs to the family Pseudocerotidae. Common name Racing stripe flatworm, orange-band flatworm, orange tipped flatworm. Distribution Tropical Indo-Pacific, from eastern coast of A ...

'' Marcus, 1950 *''

Pseudoceros litoralis ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Bock, 1913 *''

Pseudoceros lividus ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Prudhoe, 1982 *'' Pseudoceros luteus'' (Plehn, 1898) *'' Pseudoceros macroceraeus''

, 1859 *'' Pseudoceros maculatus'' (Pease, 1860) *'' Pseudoceros maximum'' Lang, 1884 *'' Pseudoceros maximus-type A'' Lang, 1884 *''

Pseudoceros meenae ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Dixit, Sivaperuman & Raghunathan, 2018 *''

Pseudoceros memoralis ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Kato, 1938 *'' Pseudoceros mexicanus'' Hyman, 1953 *'' Pseudoceros microceraeus'' (

, 1859) *'' Pseudoceros micropapillosus'' Kato, 1934 *''

Pseudoceros monostichos ''Pseudoceros monostichos '' is a marine flatworm species that belongs to the Pseudocerotidae family. Common name Fine-lined flatworm. Distribution Tropical Indo-Pacific, from the Archipelago of Maldives to Australia. Habitat External ...

'' Newman & Cannon, 1994 *''

Pseudoceros montereyensis ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Hyman, 1953 *'' Pseudoceros mossambicus'' Prudhoe, 1989 *''

Pseudoceros mulleri ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' (Delle Chiaje, 1829) *''

Pseudoceros niger ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' (Stimpson, 1857) *'' Pseudoceros nigrocinctus'' (

, 1859) *'' Pseudoceros nigropunctatus'' Dixit, Raghunathan & Chandra, 2017 *'' Pseudoceros nipponicus'' Kato, 1944 *'' Pseudoceros ouini'' Newman & Cannon, 1994 *'' Pseudoceros paradoxus'' Bock, 1927 *'' Pseudoceros paralaticlavus'' Newman & Cannon, 1994 *'' Pseudoceros periaurantius'' Newman & Cannon, 1994 *''

Pseudoceros periphaeus ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Bock, 1913 *'' Pseudoceros peripurpureus'' Newman & Cannon, 1994 *'' Pseudoceros perviolaceus'' (

, 1859) *''

Pseudoceros pius ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Kato, 1938 *''

Pseudoceros pleurostictus ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Bock, 1913 *''

Pseudoceros punctatus ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Laidlaw, 1902 *'' Pseudoceros purpureus'' (Kelaart, 1858) *'' Pseudoceros rawlinsonae'' Bolanos, Quiroga, & Litvaitis, 2007 *''

Pseudoceros regalus ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Laidlaw, 1903 *'' Pseudoceros reticulatus'' Yeri & Kaburaki, 1918 *'' Pseudoceros rubellus'' Laidlaw, 1903 *''

Pseudoceros rubronanus ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Newman & Cannon, 1998 *''

Pseudoceros rubrotentaculatus ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Kaburaki, 1923 *''

Pseudoceros sagamianus ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Kato, 1937 *''

Pseudoceros sapphirinus ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Newman & Cannon, 1994 *''

Pseudoceros scintillatus ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Newman & Cannon, 1994 *''

Pseudoceros scriptus ''Pseudoceros scriptus '' is a marine flatworm species that belongs to the Pseudocerotidae family. This species is commonly known as the script flatworm. Distribution Tropical Indo-Pacific, from the Archipelago of Maldives to Australia. ...

'' Newman & Cannon, 1998 *''

Pseudoceros stellans ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Dixit, 2019 *'' Pseudoceros stimpsoni'' Newman & Cannon, 1998 *''

Pseudoceros striatus ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Kelaart, 1858 *'' Pseudoceros susanae'' Newman & Anderson, 1997 *'' Pseudoceros texanus''

, 1955 *''

Pseudoceros tigrinus ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Laidlaw, 1902 *'' Pseudoceros tomiokaensis'' Kato, 1938 *'' Pseudoceros tristriatus'' Hyman, 1959 *''

Pseudoceros velutinus ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' (

Blanchard Blanchard is a French family name. It is also used as a given name. It derives from the Old French word ''blanchart'' which meant "whitish, bordering upon white". It is also an obsolete term for a white horse. Geographical distribution As of 2014, ...

, 1847) *'' Pseudoceros verecundus'' Newman & Cannon, 1994 *'' Pseudoceros vinosus'' Meixner, 1907 *''

Pseudoceros vishnui ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Dixit, Raghunathan & Chandra, 2017 *''

Pseudoceros yessoensis ''Pseudoceros'' is a genus of the flatworms Platyhelminthes. Description Easily recognized features within the genus include a ruffled pharynx, branched intestines, and tentacles on the leading edge. The tentacles may act as chemoreceptors ...

'' Kato, 1937 *'' Pseudoceros zebra'' (Leuckart, 1828) *'' Pseudoceros zeylanicus'' (Kelaart, 1858)

References

External links

* * {{Taxonbar, from=Q1941954 Turbellaria genera