''Pseudobiceros'' is a genus of
flatworm
The flatworms, flat worms, Platyhelminthes, or platyhelminths (from the Greek πλατύ, ''platy'', meaning "flat" and ἕλμινς (root: ἑλμινθ-), ''helminth-'', meaning "worm") are a phylum of relatively simple bilaterian, unsegment ...
s. Like all flatworms, Pseudobiceros are
hermaphrodite
In reproductive biology, a hermaphrodite () is an organism that has both kinds of reproductive organs and can produce both gametes associated with male and female sexes.
Many Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic groups of animals (mostly invertebrate ...
s. This particular genus engages in
penis fencing. When the "winner" touches its penis to the "skin" of the other, insemination occurs, and the "loser" has to bear the burden of motherhood.
Species
The following species are recognised in the genus ''Pseudobiceros'':
*''
Pseudobiceros apricus
''Pseudobiceros'' is a genus of flatworms. Like all flatworms, Pseudobiceros are hermaphrodites. This particular genus engages in penis fencing. When the "winner" touches its penis to the "skin" of the other, insemination occurs, and the "loser" ...
''
Newman & Cannon, 1994
*''
Pseudobiceros bajae
''Pseudobiceros'' is a genus of flatworms. Like all flatworms, Pseudobiceros are hermaphrodites. This particular genus engages in penis fencing. When the "winner" touches its penis to the "skin" of the other, insemination occurs, and the "loser" ...
''
( Hyman, 1953)
*''
Pseudobiceros bedfordi
''Pseudobiceros bedfordi'' (common names Persian carpet flatworm and Bedford's flatworm) is a species of flatworm in the family Pseudocerotidae.
This species has two penises, which it uses to engage in penis fencing, attempting to inject sperm i ...
''
( Laidlaw, 1903)
*''
Pseudobiceros brogani''
Newman & Cannon, 1997
*''
Pseudobiceros caribbensis''
Bolanos, Quiroga & Litvaitis, 2007
*''
Pseudobiceros cinereus
''Pseudobiceros'' is a genus of flatworms. Like all flatworms, Pseudobiceros are hermaphrodites. This particular genus engages in penis fencing. When the "winner" touches its penis to the "skin" of the other, insemination occurs, and the "loser" ...
''
(Palombi, 1931)
*''
Pseudobiceros damawan''
Newman & Cannon, 1994
*''
Pseudobiceros dendriticus''
(Prudhoe, 1989)
*''
Pseudobiceros flavocanthus
''Pseudobiceros'' is a genus of flatworms. Like all flatworms, Pseudobiceros are hermaphrodites. This particular genus engages in penis fencing. When the "winner" touches its penis to the "skin" of the other, insemination occurs, and the "loser" ...
''
Newman & Cannon, 1994
*''
Pseudobiceros flavolineatus''
(Prudhoe, 1989)
*''
Pseudobiceros flowersi
''Pseudobiceros'' is a genus of flatworms. Like all flatworms, Pseudobiceros are hermaphrodites. This particular genus engages in penis fencing. When the "winner" touches its penis to the "skin" of the other, insemination occurs, and the "loser" ...
''
Newman & Cannon, 1997
*''
Pseudobiceros fulgor''
Newman & Cannon, 1994
*''
Pseudobiceros fulvogriseus''
( Hyman, 1959)
*''
Pseudobiceros gardinieri''
( Laidlaw, 1902)
*''
Pseudobiceros gloriosus
''Pseudobiceros gloriosus'' (common name: the glorious flatworm) is a benthic marine flatworm species that belongs to the Pseudocerotidae
Pseudocerotidae is a family of flatworms which includes the Bedford's flatworm. Pseudocerotidae are si ...
''
(Newman & Cannon, 1994)
*''
Pseudobiceros gratus
''Pseudobiceros'' is a genus of flatworms. Like all flatworms, Pseudobiceros are hermaphrodites. This particular genus engages in penis fencing. When the "winner" touches its penis to the "skin" of the other, insemination occurs, and the "loser" ...
''
(Kato, 1937)
*''
Pseudobiceros hancockanus
''Pseudobiceros hancockanus'' is a species of hermaphroditic marine flatworm in the family Pseudocerotidae. It is also known as ''Hancock's Flatworm.''
Description
According to the ''Baensch Marine Atlas,'' "''P. hancockanus'' is intense blue ...
''
( Collingwood, 1876)
*''
Pseudobiceros izuensis
''Pseudobiceros'' is a genus of flatworms. Like all flatworms, Pseudobiceros are hermaphrodites. This particular genus engages in penis fencing. When the "winner" touches its penis to the "skin" of the other, insemination occurs, and the "loser" ...
''
(Kato, 1944)
*''
Pseudobiceros kryptos
''Pseudobiceros'' is a genus of flatworms. Like all flatworms, Pseudobiceros are hermaphrodites. This particular genus engages in penis fencing. When the "winner" touches its penis to the "skin" of the other, insemination occurs, and the "loser" ...
''
Newman & Cannon, 1997
*''
Pseudobiceros mikros
''Pseudobiceros'' is a genus of flatworms. Like all flatworms, Pseudobiceros are hermaphrodites. This particular genus engages in penis fencing. When the "winner" touches its penis to the "skin" of the other, insemination occurs, and the "loser" ...
''
Newman & Cannon, 1997
*''
Pseudobiceros miniatus
''Pseudobiceros'' is a genus of flatworms. Like all flatworms, Pseudobiceros are hermaphrodites. This particular genus engages in penis fencing. When the "winner" touches its penis to the "skin" of the other, insemination occurs, and the "loser" ...
''
(Schmarda
Ludwig Karl Schmarda (23 August 1819 – 7 April 1908) was an Austrian naturalist and traveler, born at Olmütz, Moravia.
Early life and education
Schmarda was born at Olmütz where he attended the Grammar School and the Philosophical Course a ...
, 1859)
*''
Pseudobiceros murinus
''Pseudobiceros'' is a genus of flatworms. Like all flatworms, Pseudobiceros are hermaphrodites. This particular genus engages in penis fencing. When the "winner" touches its penis to the "skin" of the other, insemination occurs, and the "loser" ...
''
Newman & Cannon, 1997
*''
Pseudobiceros nigromarginatus
''Pseudobiceros'' is a genus of flatworms. Like all flatworms, Pseudobiceros are hermaphrodites. This particular genus engages in penis fencing. When the "winner" touches its penis to the "skin" of the other, insemination occurs, and the "loser" ...
''
(Yeri & Kaburaki, 1918)
*''
Pseudobiceros pardalis''
(Verrill, 1900)
*''
Pseudobiceros philippinensis''
(Kaburaki, 1923)
*''
Pseudobiceros principensis''
Pérez-García, Herrero-Barrencua, Noreña & Cervera, 2020
*''
Pseudobiceros rubrocinctus''
(Schmarda
Ludwig Karl Schmarda (23 August 1819 – 7 April 1908) was an Austrian naturalist and traveler, born at Olmütz, Moravia.
Early life and education
Schmarda was born at Olmütz where he attended the Grammar School and the Philosophical Course a ...
, 1859)
*''
Pseudobiceros schmardae''
Faubel, 1984
*''
Pseudobiceros sharroni
''Pseudobiceros'' is a genus of flatworms. Like all flatworms, Pseudobiceros are hermaphrodites. This particular genus engages in penis fencing. When the "winner" touches its penis to the "skin" of the other, insemination occurs, and the "loser" ...
''
Newman & Cannon, 1997
*''
Pseudobiceros splendidus''
(Lang, 1884)
*''
Pseudobiceros stellae
''Pseudobiceros'' is a genus of flatworms. Like all flatworms, Pseudobiceros are hermaphrodites. This particular genus engages in penis fencing. When the "winner" touches its penis to the "skin" of the other, insemination occurs, and the "loser" ...
''
Newman & Cannon, 1994
*''
Pseudobiceros undulatus''
(Kelaart, 1858)
*''
Pseudobiceros uniarborensis''
Newman & Cannon, 1994
*''
Pseudobiceros viridis
''Pseudobiceros'' is a genus of flatworms. Like all flatworms, Pseudobiceros are hermaphrodites. This particular genus engages in penis fencing. When the "winner" touches its penis to the "skin" of the other, insemination occurs, and the "loser" ...
''
(Kelaart, 1858)
*''
Pseudobiceros wirtzi''
Bahia & Schroedl, 2016
Image:Pseudobiceros bedfordi.jpg, ''Pseudobiceros bedfordi
''Pseudobiceros bedfordi'' (common names Persian carpet flatworm and Bedford's flatworm) is a species of flatworm in the family Pseudocerotidae.
This species has two penises, which it uses to engage in penis fencing, attempting to inject sperm i ...
''
Image:Pseudobiceros damawan.jpg, '' Pseudobiceros damawan''
Image:Pseudobiceros fulgor, de nuit.jpg, '' Pseudobiceros fulgor''
Image:Pserudobiceros gloriosus (flatworm) on Polycarpa aurata (Seasquirt).jpg, ''Pseudobiceros gloriosus
''Pseudobiceros gloriosus'' (common name: the glorious flatworm) is a benthic marine flatworm species that belongs to the Pseudocerotidae
Pseudocerotidae is a family of flatworms which includes the Bedford's flatworm. Pseudocerotidae are si ...
''
Image:Pseudobiceros hancockanus.jpg, ''Pseudobiceros hancockanus
''Pseudobiceros hancockanus'' is a species of hermaphroditic marine flatworm in the family Pseudocerotidae. It is also known as ''Hancock's Flatworm.''
Description
According to the ''Baensch Marine Atlas,'' "''P. hancockanus'' is intense blue ...
''
Image:Pseudobiceros splendidus.jpg, '' Pseudobiceros splendidus''
Image:Pseudobiceros stellae.JPG , ''Pseudobiceros stellae
''Pseudobiceros'' is a genus of flatworms. Like all flatworms, Pseudobiceros are hermaphrodites. This particular genus engages in penis fencing. When the "winner" touches its penis to the "skin" of the other, insemination occurs, and the "loser" ...
''
Image:Pseudobiceros damawan, de nuit.jpg, '' Pseudobiceros damawan''
Image:Pseudobiceros uniarborensis.jpg, '' Pseudobiceros uniarborensis''
Image:Pseudobiceros sp. (Bumpy flatworm).jpg, Unidentified ''Pseudobiceros''
Image:Pseudobiceros sp. (Mottled flatworm).jpg, Unidentified ''Pseudobiceros''
Image:Pseudobiceros sp. Réunion.JPG, Unidentified ''Pseudobiceros''
References
External links
PBS website with video of ''Pseudobiceros hancockanus'' penis-fencing
Turbellaria genera
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