''Pseudevernia'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. The type species of the genus, ''

Pseudevernia furfuracea ''Pseudevernia furfuracea'', commonly known as tree moss, is a lichenized species of fungus that grows on the bark of firs and pines. The lichen is rather sensitive to air pollution, its presence usually indicating good air conditions in the grow ...

'' ( commonly known as tree moss), has substantial commercial value in the

perfume industry Perfume (, ; french: parfum) is a mixture of fragrant essential oils or aroma compounds (fragrances), fixatives and solvents, usually in liquid form, used to give the human body, animals, food, objects, and living-spaces an agreeable scent. The ...

Systematics

''Pseudevernia'' was

circumscribed In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon. The center of this circle is called the circumcenter and its radius is called the circumradius. Not every po ...

by German botanist Friedrich Wilhelm Zopf in 1903 with ''

'' as the type species. ''Pseudevernia'' is a member of the Hypogymnioid

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...

of the family Parmeliaceae; this clade, which also includes the genera '' Arctoparmelia'', ''

Brodoa ''Brodoa'' is a genus of three species of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. The genus, circumscribed in 1986 by Trevor Goward, is named in honour of lichenologist Irwin Brodo Irwin M. Brodo (born 1935) is an emeritus scientist at th ...

'', and '' Hypogymnia'', is an evolutionary lineage comprising species occurring in temperate to subpolar regions in both hemispheres. ''Pseudevernia'' has been estimated to have diverged from its closest ancestors during the

Oligocene The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but the ...

at 31.43 Ma, and is the earliest-diverging member of the Hypogymnioid clade.

Description

''Pseudevernia'' lichens generally have a foliose (leafy) thallus, although occasionally it becomes almost fruticose in form. This is the case with ''P. cladonia'', which has intricately branched lobes about 1 mm wide; the lobes of most other ''Pseudevernia'' species are 2–4 mm wide. The lower surface of the thallus often darkens to a purplish-black or mottled white colour, a striking feature that is characteristic of this genus. Several secondary chemicals are produced amongst ''Pseudevernia'' lichens. All species in the genus produce atranorin in the cortex, while

lecanoric acid Lecanoric acid is a chemical produced by several species of lichen.ubChem - Lecanoric acid"> Lecanoric acid is classified as a polyphenol and a didepside and it functions as an antioxidant. The acid is named after the lichen ''Lecanora''. The acid ...

, physodic acid, and olivetoric acid occur in the medullae of some species.

Species

Pseudevernia consocians and cladonia - Flickr - pellaea

*'' Pseudevernia alectoronica'' Egan (2016) – Mexico *''

Pseudevernia cladonia ''Pseudevernia'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. The type species of the genus, ''Pseudevernia furfuracea'' ( commonly known as tree moss), has substantial commercial value in the perfume industry. Systematics ''Pseude ...

'' (Tuck.) Hale & W.L.Culb. (1966) – eastern North America; Dominican Republic *'' Pseudevernia confusa'' (Du Rietz) R.Schub. & Klem. (1966) *''

Pseudevernia consocians ''Pseudevernia'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. The type species of the genus, ''Pseudevernia furfuracea'' ( commonly known as tree moss), has substantial commercial value in the perfume industry. Systematics ''P ...

'' (Vain.) Hale & W.L.Culb. (1966) – North America *''

'' (L.) Zopf (1903) – cosmopolitan *'' Pseudevernia intensa'' (Nyl.) Hale & W.L.Culb. (1966) – North America *''

Pseudevernia isidiophora ''Pseudevernia'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. The type species of the genus, ''Pseudevernia furfuracea'' ( commonly known as tree moss), has substantial commercial value in the perfume industry. Systematics ''Pseude ...

'' (Zopf) Zopf (1903) *''

Pseudevernia mexicana ''Pseudevernia'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. The type species of the genus, ''Pseudevernia furfuracea'' ( commonly known as tree moss), has substantial commercial value in the perfume industry. Systematics ''Pseude ...

'' Egan (2016) *''

Pseudevernia soralifera ''Pseudevernia'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. The type species of the genus, ''Pseudevernia furfuracea'' ( commonly known as tree moss), has substantial commercial value in the perfume industry. Systematics ''Pseude ...

'' (Bitter) Zopf (1903) – Europe Some species once classified in ''Pseudevernia'' have since been reduced to synonymy with other species, or have been transferred to other genera. These include: *''Pseudevernia cirrhata'' is now known as ''

Hypotrachyna cirrhata ''Hypotrachyna'' is a genus of lichenized fungi within the family Parmeliaceae. According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' (10th edition, 2008), the widespread genus contains about 198 species. ''Hypotrachyna'' was circumscribed by American lic ...

''. *''Pseudevernia kamerunensis'' is now known as ''

Hypotrachyna sorocheila ''Hypotrachyna'' is a genus of lichenized fungi within the family Parmeliaceae. According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' (10th edition, 2008), the widespread genus contains about 198 species. ''Hypotrachyna'' was circumscribed by American lic ...

''. *''Pseudevernia molliuscula'' and ''Pseudevernia thamnidiella'' are synonymous '' Xanthoparmelia molliuscula''. *''Pseudevernia olivetorina'' and ''Pseudevernia ericetorum'' have been folded into synonymy with ''Pseudevernia furfuracea''. *''Pseudevernia mauritiana'' is synonymous with ''

Parmelia microblasta Parmelia may refer to: * Parmelia (barque) ''Parmelia'' was a barque built in Quebec, Canada, in 1825. Originally registered on 31 May in Quebec, she sailed to Great Britain and assumed British registry. She made one voyage for the British East I ...

''. *''Pseudevernia polita'' is now ''

Parmotrema cetratum ''Parmotrema'' is a genus of lichen belonging to the family Parmeliaceae. It is a large genus, containing an estimated 300 species, with a centre of diversity in subtropical regions of South America and the Pacific Islands. Members of the gen ...

''.

Molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

analysis suggests that the North American species ''P. consocians'' and ''P. intensa'' do not form separate

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...

groups, and so might be the same species.

References

Cited literature

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q7254355 Parmeliaceae Lichen genera Lecanorales genera Taxa named by Friedrich Wilhelm Zopf Taxa described in 1903