Przyszowa is a
village in southern Poland, in the
Limanowa County
__NOTOC__
Limanowa County ( pl, powiat limanowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local governmen ...
, within the province of
Lesser Poland.
It lies approximately south-east of the regional capital
Kraków. The village has 2,470 inhabitants.
Etymology
The village name Przyszowa is traditionally derived from the word "przychodzić" (come).
History
Przyszowa is one of the oldest villages in the
Limanowa County
__NOTOC__
Limanowa County ( pl, powiat limanowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local governmen ...
. The earliest surviving documentary reference to the village dates from 1326. However, the ruins of the medieval Przyszowa Castle, atop the Łyżka (Wyżka) hill overlooking the village, are from a much earlier date, possibly 11th century. It is believed that the castle originally belonged to the
castellan
A castellan is the title used in Medieval Europe for an appointed official, a governor of a castle and its surrounding territory referred to as the castellany. The title of ''governor'' is retained in the English prison system, as a remnant o ...
s of
Nowy Sącz
Nowy Sącz (; hu, Újszandec; yi, Tzanz, צאַנז; sk, Nový Sonč; german: Neu-Sandez) is a city in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship of southern Poland. It is the district capital of Nowy Sącz County as a separate administrative unit. It has ...
, and then to the Wierzbięta family of the noble
Janina
Ioannina ( el, Ιωάννινα ' ), often called Yannena ( ' ) within Greece, is the capital and largest city of the Ioannina regional unit and of Epirus, an administrative region in north-western Greece. According to the 2011 census, the c ...
clan.
At the end of the 13th century, for unknown reason, the Wierzbięta family abandoned the castle and relocated into a new manor house in the centre of the village, where they ruled until the middle of the 17th century. In the second half of the 17th century part of the village belonged to the Dunin-Wąsowicz family of the
Łabędź clan. In 1655 Krzysztof Dunin-Wąsowicz famously lead an army of local landlords and peasants to victory against a much larger Swedish garrison near
Limanowa
Limanowa (german: Ilmenau, yi, לימינוב ''Liminuv'') is a small town in southern Poland, in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship. It is the capital of Limanowa County and had a population of 15,132 in 2012.
History
Mentions of the town date ba ...
, during the
Second Northern War
The Second Northern War (1655–60), (also First or Little Northern War) was fought between Sweden and its adversaries the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1655–60), the Tsardom of Russia (Russo-Swedish War (1656–1658), 1656–58), Brande ...
between
Sweden
Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...
and the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. In 1683 the village was purchased by the Żuk-Skarszewski family of the
Nałęcz clan after their family manor in Skarszowice in
Podolia was destroyed by the
Cossacks
The Cossacks , es, cosaco , et, Kasakad, cazacii , fi, Kasakat, cazacii , french: cosaques , hu, kozákok, cazacii , it, cosacchi , orv, коза́ки, pl, Kozacy , pt, cossacos , ro, cazaci , russian: казаки́ or ...
during the
Polish–Cossack–Tatar War. The descendants of the Żuk-Skarszewski family continue to live in the village.
In 1880
Tytus Czyżewski was born here, one of the pioneers of modern Polish painting. In 1969
Jerzy Harasymowicz, a Polish
poet, in his poetry collection "Madonny polskie" (Polish
Madonnas
In art, a Madonna () is a representation of Mary, either alone or with her child Jesus. These images are central icons for both the Catholic and Orthodox churches. The word is (archaic). The Madonna and Child type is very prevalent ...
), made famous the 14th-century Gothic statue of the Madonna of Przyszowa,
[J. Harasymowicz, Madonny Polskie, Czytelnik,Warszawa 1969] as one of the finest examples of the so-called "spisko-sądecki" style.
Religion
Jan Długosz, a Polish
chronicler, confirms that a
Roman Catholic parish existed in the village as early as 1326. Since then, the village was predominantly
Catholic with a small
Jewish minority, except for a brief period around the turn of the 16th century, when the local
nobility, including the owners of the village, the Wierzbieta family, converted to
Arianism
Arianism ( grc-x-koine, Ἀρειανισμός, ) is a Christological doctrine first attributed to Arius (), a Christian presbyter from Alexandria, Egypt. Arian theology holds that Jesus Christ is the Son of God, who was begotten by God ...
. In 1580 the parish
priest was expelled from the village and the church gradually fell into disrepair and was eventually demolished. In 1612 the Wierzbieta family converted back to
Catholicism and provided funds for the construction of a new wooden Church of St. Nicholas, which stood until the end of the 19th century. In 1901–1906 a new Church of St. Nicholas was built in brick with stone dressings, to a design by the architect
Teodor Talowski
Teodor Marian Talowski (born March 23, 1857 in Zasów, died May 1, 1910 in Lviv) was a Polish architect and painter. Because of his style, which combined late Historicism with Art Nouveau and Modernist influences, he has been described as "the ...
, which is a spectacular example of
neo-Gothic architecture.
Culture
Przyszowa is one of the largest centres of the culture of
Lachy Sądeckie, an ethnographic group of
Polish people characterised by a specific dialect and culture, living in the southern
Lesser Poland.
Their rich
folk culture contains a variety of cultural elements from the highlands and the lowlands of
Lesser Poland. The village is home to the regional ensemble "Przyszowianie", which focuses on the unique folk traditions of
Lachy Sądeckie and performs live music and dance at folk festivals across the country.
Geography
Przyszowa is located in the east part of
Island Beskids mountain range in the
Carpathian Mountains
The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians () are a range of mountains forming an arc across Central Europe. Roughly long, it is the third-longest European mountain range after the Urals at and the Scandinavian Mountains at . The range stretches ...
. It lies in the valley between the three hills of Łyżka, Pępówka and Piekło. The centre of the village is located on both sides of the river Słomka, 420 – 500 meters above sea level, while the Łyżka hill lies 807 meters above sea level.
Climate
Przyszowa has a typical mountain climate with variable weather conditions. Dry air masses from
mainland Europe clash here with moist air from the
Atlantic. A characteristic feature of the area is a frequent occurrence of
sea fog
''Sea Fog'' (; ''Haemoo'') is a 2014 South Korean film directed by Shim Sung-bo. The film is adapted from the 2007 stage play ''Haemoo'', which in turn was based on the true story of 25 Korean-Chinese illegal immigrants who suffocated to death i ...
over the valleys caused by
temperature inversion. This makes only individual peaks visible, like islands in the sea, hence the name of the area
Island Beskids. July is the hottest month of the year when average temperature reaches 27 °C (81 °F), while February, the coldest month of the year sees -12 °C (10 °F) of average low.
People
*
Krzysztof Dunin-Wąsowicz
Krzysztof () is a Polish given name, equivalent to English ''Christopher''. The name became popular in the 15th century. Its diminutive forms include Krzyś, Krzysiek, and Krzysio; augmentative – Krzychu
Individuals named Krzysztof may choose to ...
,
Polish military commander,
colonel, participated in the
Second Northern War
The Second Northern War (1655–60), (also First or Little Northern War) was fought between Sweden and its adversaries the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1655–60), the Tsardom of Russia (Russo-Swedish War (1656–1658), 1656–58), Brande ...
against Sweden.
*
Tytus Czyżewski (1880–1945),
Polish painter, art theoretician,
Futurist poet,
playwright
A playwright or dramatist is a person who writes plays.
Etymology
The word "play" is from Middle English pleye, from Old English plæġ, pleġa, plæġa ("play, exercise; sport, game; drama, applause"). The word "wright" is an archaic English ...
, member of the Polish Formists, and
Colorist.
*
dyrcio
References
{{Gmina Łukowica
Villages in Limanowa County