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The Provisional Priamurye Government or Provisional Priamur Government (russian: Приамурский земский край) existed in the region of
Priamurye Amur Oblast ( rus, Аму́рская о́бласть, r=Amurskaya oblast, p=ɐˈmurskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located on the banks of the Amur and Zeya Rivers in the Russian Far East. The administrative ...
of the
Russian Far East The Russian Far East (russian: Дальний Восток России, r=Dal'niy Vostok Rossii, p=ˈdalʲnʲɪj vɐˈstok rɐˈsʲiɪ) is a region in Northeast Asia. It is the easternmost part of Russia and the Asian continent; and is admin ...
between May 27, 1921 and June 16, 1923. It was the last
Russian State Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including: *Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries * Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and pe ...
enclave during the
Russian Civil War {{Infobox military conflict , conflict = Russian Civil War , partof = the Russian Revolution and the aftermath of World War I , image = , caption = Clockwise from top left: {{flatlist, *Soldiers ...
.


History

The government had its origin in a 1921
White Army The White Army (russian: Белая армия, Belaya armiya) or White Guard (russian: Бѣлая гвардія/Белая гвардия, Belaya gvardiya, label=none), also referred to as the Whites or White Guardsmen (russian: Бѣлогв ...
coup in
Vladivostok Vladivostok ( rus, Владивосто́к, a=Владивосток.ogg, p=vɫədʲɪvɐˈstok) is the largest city and the administrative center of Primorsky Krai, Russia. The city is located around the Golden Horn Bay on the Sea of Japan, c ...
and its environs. The coup aimed for the
Priamurye Amur Oblast ( rus, Аму́рская о́бласть, r=Amurskaya oblast, p=ɐˈmurskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located on the banks of the Amur and Zeya Rivers in the Russian Far East. The administrative ...
region to break away from the Far Eastern Republic and to survive behind a ''cordon sanitaire'' of Japanese troops involved in the
Siberian Intervention The Siberian intervention or Siberian expedition of 1918–1922 was the dispatch of troops of the Entente powers to the Russian Maritime Provinces as part of a larger effort by the western powers, Japan, and China to support White Russian f ...
. The coup was started on May 23, 1921 by the ''Kappelevtsy'', the remnants of
Vladimir Kappel Vladimir Oskarovich Kappel (russian: Влади́мир О́скарович Ка́ппель, – January 26, 1920) was a White Russian military leader. Early life Kappel was born into a Swedish-Russian family. He graduated from the Saint ...
's
People's Army of Komuch The People's Army of Komuch (russian: Народная армия КОМУЧа) was an anti-Bolshevik army during the Russian Civil War that fought in the Volga Region from June to September in 1918. Organization In May 1918 the Czechoslova ...
. The government was headed by the Merkulov brothers: , a former functionary of the
Ministry of Agriculture An agriculture ministry (also called an) agriculture department, agriculture board, agriculture council, or agriculture agency, or ministry of rural development) is a ministry charged with agriculture. The ministry is often headed by a minister ...
and head of the Priamurye government; and , a merchant. Both had been deputies of the
State Duma of the Russian Empire The State Duma, also known as the Imperial Duma, was the lower house of the Governing Senate in the Russian Empire, while the upper house was the State Council. It held its meetings in the Taurida Palace in St. Petersburg. It convened four time ...
and supporters of the 1917
Russian Provisional Government The Russian Provisional Government ( rus, Временное правительство России, Vremennoye pravitel'stvo Rossii) was a provisional government of the Russian Republic, announced two days before and established immediately ...
. Somewhat later in 1921 the Cossack ataman Grigory Semyonov attempted to take power in the Priamurye, but he had no backing from the Japanese and eventually withdrew. The Kappelevtsy and the Semyonovtsy (Semyonov's supporters) despised each other. Gradually the Priamurye enclave was expanded to Khabarovsk and then to
Spassk Spassk (russian: Спасск) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia. Modern localities ;Urban localities *Spassk, Penza Oblast, a town in Spassky District of Penza Oblast *Spassk, Kemerovo Oblast, an urban-type settlement in Tasht ...
, 125 miles north of Vladivostok.HAROLD VAN VECHTEN FAY: WITNESS TO JAPAN'S APRIL 1920 OFFENSIVE IN THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST
Reports by Capt Fay are used in the chapter "Ataman's exile and White Russia's last spasms 9 October 1920-November 1922)" of Jamie Bisher's book ''White Terror: Cossack Warlords of the Trans-Siberian'', 2005, {{ISBN, 0-7146-5690-9. The Merkulovs were deposed in June 1922 by the Priamurye Zemsky Sobor ( ru , Приамурский Земский Собор) and replaced by one of Admiral Alexander Kolchak's generals,
Mikhail Diterikhs Mikhail Konstantinovich Diterikhs (russian: Михаи́л Константи́нович Ди́терихс, r=Michaíl Konstantinovič Díterichs; May 17, 1874 – September 9, 1937) served as a general in the Imperial Russian Army and subsequent ...
. In July 1922, a
Zemsky Sobor The Zemsky Sobor ( rus, зе́мский собо́р, p=ˈzʲemskʲɪj sɐˈbor, t=assembly of the land) was a parliament of the Tsardom of Russia's estates of the realm active during the 16th and 17th centuries. The assembly represented Russi ...
(Приамурский Земский Собор) was convened in the territory. This sobor called all Russian people to repent for the overthrow of the Tsar and proclaimed a new Tsar, Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolayevich. Patriarch Tikhon was named as the honorary chairman of the sobor. Neither the Grand Duke nor the Patriarch was present. The territory was renamed Priamursky Zemsky Krai and Diterikhs styled himself ''voyevoda''. The army was renamed the ''
Zemskaya Rat The Zemskaya Rat or Zemstvo Host (russian: Земская рать) were the White armed forces in the Amur region, formed from the White Guard troops in Primorye, which existed between July and October 1922. History The Zemskaya Rat was formed ...
'' ("Territorial Rat'" - the archaic Slavic term ''rat' '' means "military force"). When the Japanese withdrew from the Priamurye (June to October 1922), the Soviet army of the Far Eastern Republic retook most of the Priamurye Government territory. The
Ayano-Maysky District Ayano-Maysky District (russian: Ая́но-Ма́йский райо́н) is an administrativeResolution #143-pr and municipalLaw #194 district ( raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It is located in the north of the krai. Th ...
was controlled by
Anatoly Pepelyayev Anatoly Nikolayevich Pepelyayev (russian: Анатолий Николаевич Пепеляев; , in Tomsk – 14 January 1938) was a White Russian general who led the Siberian armies of Admiral Kolchak during the Russian Civil War. His ...
at that time; its surrender in June 1923 marked the end of the
Russian Civil War {{Infobox military conflict , conflict = Russian Civil War , partof = the Russian Revolution and the aftermath of World War I , image = , caption = Clockwise from top left: {{flatlist, *Soldiers ...
.


See also

*
Far Eastern Federal District The Far Eastern Federal District (russian: Дальневосто́чный федера́льный о́круг, ''Dalnevostochny federalny okrug'') is the largest of the eight federal districts of Russia but the least populated, with a p ...
*
Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War or Allied Powers intervention in the Russian Civil War consisted of a series of multi-national military expeditions which began in 1918. The Allies first had the goal of helping the Czechoslovak Leg ...
*
American Expeditionary Force Siberia The American Expeditionary Force, Siberia (AEF in Siberia) was a formation of the United States Army involved in the Russian Civil War in Vladivostok, Russia, after the October Revolution, from 1918 to 1920. The force was part of the larger All ...
* William Sidney Graves *
Sergei Prokofiev Sergei Sergeyevich Prokofiev; alternative transliterations of his name include ''Sergey'' or ''Serge'', and ''Prokofief'', ''Prokofieff'', or ''Prokofyev''., group=n (27 April .S. 15 April1891 – 5 March 1953) was a Russian composer, ...
* Green Ukraine or Zeleny Klyn *
Siberian Intervention The Siberian intervention or Siberian expedition of 1918–1922 was the dispatch of troops of the Entente powers to the Russian Maritime Provinces as part of a larger effort by the western powers, Japan, and China to support White Russian f ...
*
Yakut Revolt The Yakut revolt (Russian: Якутский мятеж, ''Yakutskiy myatezh'') or the Yakut expedition (Russian: Якутский поход, ''Yakutskiy pokhod'') was the last episode of the Russian Civil War. The hostilities took place betwee ...
*
Soviet Central Asia Soviet Central Asia (russian: link=no, Советская Средняя Азия, Sovetskaya Srednyaya Aziya) was the part of Central Asia administered by the Soviet Union between 1918 and 1991, when the Central Asian republics declared ind ...


Footnotes


References

*Yuri Korolkov,
Sovershenno Sekretno, Pri Opasnosti Szhech
', Minsk: Belarus Publishers, 1986 (memoirs of the doctor Aleksandr Mikulin).


External links



Former countries in East Asia White Russia Provisional governments of the Russian Civil War History of Northeast Asia Former Slavic countries States and territories established in 1921 1922 disestablishments