Protobranchia is a
subclass of
bivalve
Bivalvia (), in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class of marine and freshwater molluscs that have laterally compressed bodies enclosed by a shell consisting of two hinged parts. As a group, bival ...
mollusc
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is esti ...
s. It contains the extant
orders
Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to:
* Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood
* Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of d ...
Nuculanida
Nuculanida is an order of very small saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the subclass Protobranchia.
Description
These bivalves are distinguished by the presence of relatively primitive, "protobranchiate" gills. There are a row of s ...
,
Nuculida
Nuculida is an order of small saltwater clams, marine bivalve mollusks. This order belongs to the subclass Protobranchia
Protobranchia is a subclass of bivalve molluscs. It contains the extant orders Nuculanida, Nuculida, and Solemyida.
...
, and
Solemyida
Solemyida is an order of bivalve mollusc
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are re ...
.
These are deep water clams of a small and primitive order with a taxodont hinge (composed of many similar, small teeth), generally with a central ligament pit, large labial palps which are used in deposit feeding and the gills used only for respiration, the anterior and posterior adductor muscles are nearly equal in size, a foot which is divided sagittally and longitudinally with papillate margins. The foot in Protobranchia clams is without a true byssus gland, although they frequently have a nonhomologous byssal gland in the heel. The byssal gland in these clams does not produce threads as in
Pteriomorphia
The Pteriomorphia comprise a subclass of saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs. It contains several major orders, including the Arcida, Ostreida, Pectinida, Limida, Mytilida, and Pteriida. It also contains some extinct and probably basal ...
.
2010 Taxonomy
In 2010 a new proposed classification system for the Bivalvia was published in by Bieler, Carter & Coan revising the classification of the Bivalvia, including the subclass Protobranchia.
Subclass: Protobranchia
Order:
Nuculanida
Nuculanida is an order of very small saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the subclass Protobranchia.
Description
These bivalves are distinguished by the presence of relatively primitive, "protobranchiate" gills. There are a row of s ...
*Superfamily:
Nuculanoidea
**Family:
Bathyspinulidae
Bathyspinulidae is a family of bivalves belonging to the order Nuculanida
Nuculanida is an order of very small saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the subclass Protobranchia.
Description
These bivalves are distinguished by the pr ...
**Family:
Lametilidae accepted as
Phaseolidae
**Family:
Malletiidae
Malletiidae is a family of bivalves in the order Nuculanida.
Taxonomy
* '' Adrana''
** '' Adrana egregia'' (Guppy, 1882)
** '' Adrana electa'' ( A. Adams, 1846)
** '' Adrana elizabethae'' Ortea & Espinosa, 2001
** '' Adrana gloriosa'' ( A. ...
**Family:
Neilonellidae
Neilonellidae is a taxonomic family of small saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the order Nuculanida
Nuculanida is an order of very small saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the subclass Protobranchia.
Description
Th ...
**Family:
Nuculanidae
Nuculanidae is a family of small saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the order Nuculanida. Species in this family are found in all seas, from shallow to deep water.
Genera and species
Genera and species within the family Nuculanidae incl ...
**Family:
Siliculidae
Siliculidae is a taxonomic family of small deepwater saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs, in the order Nuculanida
Nuculanida is an order of very small saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the subclass Protobranchia.
Des ...
**Family:
Tindariidae
Tindariidae is a family of clams of the order Nuculanida.
Genera
* ''Spinula'' ( Dall, 1908)
** ''Spinula calcar'' ( Dall, 1908)
** ''Spinula oceanica'' Filatova, 1958
** ''Spinula bogorovi'' Filatova, 1958
** ''Spinula vityazi'' Filatova, 1964 ...
**Family:
Yoldiidae
Yoldiidae is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the order Nuculanida.
Genera and species
Genera and species within the family Yoldiidae include:
* '' Megayoldia''
** '' Megayoldia martyri ...
Order:
Nuculida
Nuculida is an order of small saltwater clams, marine bivalve mollusks. This order belongs to the subclass Protobranchia
Protobranchia is a subclass of bivalve molluscs. It contains the extant orders Nuculanida, Nuculida, and Solemyida.
...
*Superfamily:
Nuculoidea
Nuculoidea is a superfamily of bivalves. It belongs to the order Nuculida. It comprises one living family, Nuculidae and one extinct family Praenuculidae
Praenuculidae is an extinct family of prehistoric bivalves in the superfamily Nuculoid ...
**Family:
Nuculidae
Nuculidae is a family of small saltwater clams in the order Nuculida. Species in this family are commonly known as nut clams.
The nomenclature of the Western European species in this family is still uncertain. Their systematics has been based ma ...
**Family:
Sareptidae
Sareptidae is a family of bivalves belonging to the order Nuculanida.
Genera:
* '' Aequiyoldia'' Soot-Ryen, 1951
* '' Pristigloma'' Dall, 1900
* ''Sarepta
Sarepta (near modern Sarafand, Lebanon) was a Phoenician city on the Mediterranea ...
Order:
Solemyida
Solemyida is an order of bivalve mollusc
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are re ...
*Superfamily:
Manzanelloidea
**Family:
Manzanellidae
Manzanellidae is a fossil family of bivalves, in the order Solemyida
Solemyida is an order of bivalve mollusc
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as mollus ...
**Family:
Nucinellidae
Nucinellidae is a family of bivalves, in the order Solemyida. Its species are small and principally reside in deep-water environments. The species' average length is less than , the largest species being '' Nucinella boucheti'' (La Perna, 2005) a ...
*Superfamily:
Solemyoidea
**Family:
Solemyidae
Solemyidae is a family of saltwater clams, marine protobranch bivalve mollusks in the order Solemyida.
Biology
Solemyids are remarkable in that their digestive tract is either extremely small or non-existent, and their feeding appendages are too ...
Order: † Praecardiida
*Family: †
Butovicellidae
**Genus: †
Butovicella
*Family: †
Praecardiidae
**Genus: †
Slava
Slava may refer to:
Ships
* ''Slava'' class cruiser, a modern Russian warship
** Soviet cruiser Slava (1979), now Russian cruiser ''Moskva'', a ''Slava'' class guided missile cruiser sunk during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
* Russian ba ...
**Genus: †
Cardiola
''Cardiola'' is an extinct genus of saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs that lived from the Silurian to the Middle Devonian in Africa, Europe, and North America.
References
* ''Fossils'' (Smithsonian Handbooks) by David Ward (Page 94 ...
*Family: †
Antipleuridae
**Genus: †
Dualina
**Genus: †
Hercynella
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q135683
Bivalve taxonomy
Mollusc subclasses