Protests In Seemandhra
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Samaikya Andhra Movement (United Andhra Movement) was a movement organized to keep the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh united, and to prevent the division of the state - separating the
Telangana Telangana (; , ) is a States and union territories of India, state in India situated on the south-central stretch of the Indian subcontinent, Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau. It is the List of states and union territories of India b ...
districts of the state into a separate Telangana state. The movement was supported by government employees, advocates in
Coastal Andhra Coastal Andhra (South costal Andhra) also known as Kostha Andhra is a region in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. Vijayawada is the largest city in this region. It was part of Madras State before 1953 and Andhra State from 1953 to 1956. ...
&
Rayalaseema Rayalaseema () is a geographic region in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It comprises eight south western districts of the State namely, Kurnool, Nandyal, Anantapur, Sri Sathya Sai, YSR, Annamayya, Tirupati and Chittoor districts ...
regions along with students from 14 universities, various occupational, caste & religious groups of
Coastal Andhra Coastal Andhra (South costal Andhra) also known as Kostha Andhra is a region in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. Vijayawada is the largest city in this region. It was part of Madras State before 1953 and Andhra State from 1953 to 1956. ...
&
Rayalaseema Rayalaseema () is a geographic region in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It comprises eight south western districts of the State namely, Kurnool, Nandyal, Anantapur, Sri Sathya Sai, YSR, Annamayya, Tirupati and Chittoor districts ...
regions. The last set of protests were triggered after the
Congress Working Committee The Congress Working Committee (CWC) is the executive committee of the Indian National Congress. It was formed in December 1920 at Nagpur session of INC which was headed by C. Vijayaraghavachariar. It typically consists of fifteen members electe ...
decision to divide the state came to an end after
President of India The president of India ( IAST: ) is the head of state of the Republic of India. The president is the nominal head of the executive, the first citizen of the country, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces. Droupadi Murmu ...
gave nod to
Telangana Telangana (; , ) is a States and union territories of India, state in India situated on the south-central stretch of the Indian subcontinent, Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau. It is the List of states and union territories of India b ...
Bill which would make the latter to come into existence from 2 June 2014.


Background

The movement took shape on 9 December 2009, when as a result of an 11-day fast by Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS) president K Chandrashekar Rao (KCR), Union Home Minister
P. Chidambaram Palaniappan Chidambaram (born 16 September 1945), better known as P. Chidambaram, is an Indian politician and lawyer who currently serves as Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha. He served as the Chairman of the Parliamentary Standing Committee ...
announced that the Indian government would start the process of forming a separate
Telangana Telangana (; , ) is a States and union territories of India, state in India situated on the south-central stretch of the Indian subcontinent, Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau. It is the List of states and union territories of India b ...
state pending the introduction and passage of a separation resolution in the Andhra Pradesh assembly. The announcement resulted in widespread protests across
Coastal Andhra Coastal Andhra (South costal Andhra) also known as Kostha Andhra is a region in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. Vijayawada is the largest city in this region. It was part of Madras State before 1953 and Andhra State from 1953 to 1956. ...
and
Rayalseema Rayalaseema () is a geographic region in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It comprises eight south western districts of the State namely, Kurnool, Nandyal, Anantapur, Sri Sathya Sai, YSR, Annamayya, Tirupati and Chittoor districts ce ...
regions.
Lagadapati Rajagopal Lagadapati Rajagopal (born 1964) is an industrialist and former politician. He was the 15th Lok Sabha MP from the Vijaywada constituency for Indian National Congress. He resigned from Parliament and quit politics after the Telangana Bill wa ...
began an hunger strike demanding that the state be kept united, his shocking dramatic ‘‘escape’’ from the hospital in Vijayawada to the State capital, he said he had come to the Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences (NIMS),He called off his fake deeksha in the presence of reporters and immediately afterwards, said he would undertake another fast-untodeath in Visakhapatnam if the Centre didn't come out with a solution acceptable to all. though his strike didn't receive much support. Leaders and activists of Seemandhra political parties and several elected representatives and leaders of the Congress went on one day hunger strikes extending their support to the cause. Students, workers, lawyers & various organizations in the regions launched agitations and peaceful demonstrations (dharnas) demanding that the state be kept united. MPs from these regions also submitted their resignations in protest seeking a reversal of the home minister's statement. Two activists also allegedly committed suicide in protest against the division of the state. TDP leaders including MLAs Devineni Uma and Paritala Sunitha, who were on a fast-unto-death as an act of protest in Vijayawada, Ananthapur, Guntur, Ongole etc. were arrested and forcibly shifted by the police to hospitals. In Kadapa, Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy (YSR)'s brother and Member of Legislative Council (MLC)
Y. S. Vivekananda Reddy Yeduguri Sandinti Vivekananda Reddy (8 August 1951 – 15 March 2019) was a member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India. He represented the Kadapa constituency of Andhra Pradesh. He was a member of the Indian National Congress. He was brutally hacke ...
also fasted in support of united Andhra accompanied by his wife and followers who sat on a relay hunger strike. Another Congress leader who was fasting was also forcibly taken to hospital. At
Sri Venkateswara University Sri Venkateswara University (commonly referred as S. V. University or SVU) is a public state university located in Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India. The university is named after Lord Venkateswara, whose shrine is located in the city. The univ ...
, actor
Mohan Babu Manchu Bhakthavatsalam, credited and also known as Mohan Babu, is an Indian actor and producer known for his works predominantly in Telugu cinema. An alumnus of the Madras Film Institute, Mohan Babu has acted in more than 500 films in lead, sup ...
sat on a day-long fast in the campus expressing solidarity with the students who were already on a hunger strike. On 23 December, keeping in view the reactions of people of other regions, the Government of India announced that no action on Telangana will be taken until a consensus is reached by all parties and groups in the state. Samaikyandhra movement proponents continued the movement demanding a clear stand from the central government that the state will remain united and will not be divided. On 3 February 2010, the government announced a five-member committee headed by former Supreme Court judge Justice Srikrishna to look into the issue. It also announced Terms of Reference to the Srikrishna Committee, with a deadline of 31 December 2010 to submit its report.


Concerns of Protestors


Historical

Proponents of the cause call the very coining of two words (Telanganites and Andhrites) to describe the Telugu speaking people who live between the Krishna and Godavari river as the result of an emotionally painful loss of wars to foreign kingdoms and a reminder of the destruction of a glorious era in Telugu history. The fall of the unified Telugu kingdoms of Krishna Deva Raya to the Bahminis, the fall of Mussunuri kingdom to the Turks and the Vijaya Rama Kingdom to the British are seen as historical failures of the Telugu people.


Hyderabad

Capital: Since the state of
Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh (, abbr. AP) is a state in the south-eastern coastal region of India. It is the seventh-largest state by area covering an area of and tenth-most populous state with 49,386,799 inhabitants. It is bordered by Telangana to the ...
loses
Hyderabad Hyderabad ( ; , ) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana and the ''de jure'' capital of Andhra Pradesh. It occupies on the Deccan Plateau along the banks of the Musi River (India), Musi River, in the northern part ...
if Telangana gets divided, the people of the former region expressed concerns over the lack of a proper capital to their state. Revenue: Proponents of the Samaikyandhra Movement argue that a division of the state will be detrimental to the other regions as majority of the state's revenue comes from the capital Hyderabad and the proper development and implementation of welfare programs in the Andhra Pradesh state would not be possible along with the establishment of a new capital. Employment & Education: Students feel that in case of a division, youth of the
Coastal Andhra Coastal Andhra (South costal Andhra) also known as Kostha Andhra is a region in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. Vijayawada is the largest city in this region. It was part of Madras State before 1953 and Andhra State from 1953 to 1956. ...
and
Rayalaseema Rayalaseema () is a geographic region in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It comprises eight south western districts of the State namely, Kurnool, Nandyal, Anantapur, Sri Sathya Sai, YSR, Annamayya, Tirupati and Chittoor districts ...
will be denied many education and employment opportunities, especially from Hyderabad. Medical students also fear that since 85 per cent of super specialty course seats were allotted to colleges in Telangana, students from other regions may not be able to pursue important PG courses like cardiology. Water: Division of the state, they argue, would also result in water problems in Coastal Andhra & Rayalaseema since Telangana is on the upstream of Krishna & Godavari rivers. Farmers & water-users associations express fear that division of the state would render upland areas in Krishna delta into a desert and force farmers to migrate as daily wage earners. According to water experts, the Polavaram Project could take up to 15 years for completion and due to the state division its reservoir would be located in Telangana region which could further intensify the already existing interstate disputes over the project. Safety & Security in Hyderabad: People in Coastal Andhra & Rayalaseema regions express worries about the safety of their friends and relatives who have settled in the state capital, Hyderabad and the fear that they would be considered ‘non-locals’ in their own state. They also said that they are not ready to lose Hyderabad since they opined, they had contributed more for the development of Hyderabad.


Sri Krishna Committee Report

The five member committee headed by Justice B.N. Sri Krishna toured all the regions of state extensively and invited people from all sections of the society to give their opinion on the statehood. It received over one lakh petitions and representations from political parties, organisations, NGOs and individuals. It also held consultations with political parties and general public while also factoring in the impact of recent developments on different sections of people such as women, children, students, minorities, Other Backward Classes, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. In a report submitted to the Home Ministry of India on 30 December 2010, the committee opted to keep the State united and favored for bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh. Samaikhyandhra proponents were against the report and recommended option. Telangana leaders accepted the recommendations of the Sri Krishna Committee Report and insisted on the formation of a separate Telangana State with Hyderabad as its capital.


Protests in 2010

In January, in
Krishna District Krishna district is district in the coastal Andhra Region in Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, with Machilipatnam as its administrative headquarters. It is the coastal district of Andhra Pradesh. Machilipatnam is the most populated city in the di ...
activists stopped trains at various railway stations and resorted to road blockades at some places. As many as 46 trains were "detained" for duration ranging between 2 minutes and 45 minutes at various stations in the Vijayawada division of the South Central Railway. However, no damage to railway properties was reported. MLAs from Congress & TDP participated in the agitation. A government teacher in Tirupati reportedly committed suicide for the cause of the united state leaving a note behind which mentioned that he was saddened by the bandhs strikes and other endeavors being undertaken to split the state. In February, the Samaikyandhra Medical Joint Action Committee in its inaugural session at
Tirupati Tirupati () is a city in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of the Tirupati district. The city is home to the important Hindu shrine of Tirumala Venkateswara Temple and other historic temples and is refe ...
accused P. Chidambaram of ‘conspiring’ to weaken Andhra Pradesh by allegedly encouraging bifurcation of the unified State into 2 separate states. They said that his stand against bifurcation of Tamil Nadu & Andhra Pradesh shows his double standards and his ‘conspiracy’ as a Tamil Nadu politician to weaken Andhra Pradesh by breaking the State into two and thereby put deliberate brakes on its fast-track development recorded especially during the last 15 years. In September, members of the Samaikyandhra All Universities JAC blocked the State Highway in Visakhapatnam district in protest against the allegations made by a student from
Warangal Warangal () is a city in the Indian state of Telangana and the district headquarters of Warangal district. It is the second largest city in Telangana with a population of 704,570 per 2011 Census of India, and spreading over an . Warangal ser ...
that he was beaten up by some locals after he joined at a B.Ed. college here. The student had not attended classes but made the false allegation and also went on a fast in Warangal to which the TRS MLAs extended support, the JAC said. In November, on the eve of the state formation day on 1 November, the students JAC warned separatist forces against continuing to ignite passions of people. A statue of
Potti Sriramulu Potti Sreeramulu (IAST: ''Poṭṭi Śreerāmulu''; 16 March 1901 – 15 December 1952), was an Indian freedom fighter and revolutionary. Sreeramulu is revered as ''Amarajeevi'' ("Immortal Being") in the Andhra region for his self-sacrifice for ...
in Tirupati was flooded with garlands as parties and movements of all hues converged to express their strong sentiments advocating the cause of unified Andhra Pradesh.


Protests in 2011

In February, Students in Ongole, under the banner of Samaikya Andhra Rashtra Vidyardhi Joint Action Committee (SARVJAC), protested against the film
Jai Bolo Telangana ''Jai Bolo Telangana'' ( ''Hail Telangana!'') is a 2011 Telugu-language historical drama film based on the Telangana Movement, produced & directed by N.Shankar on Mahalakshmi Arts banner. Starring Jagapathi Babu, Smriti Irani, Meera Nandan, Sand ...
by viewing the film with flowers in their ears. The film portrayed the
Telangana Telangana (; , ) is a States and union territories of India, state in India situated on the south-central stretch of the Indian subcontinent, Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau. It is the List of states and union territories of India b ...
history and the agitation for statehood. The SARVJAC members took exception to the film's content and scenes, and described it as an attempt to hoodwink the people. They warned the director not to make film that fan regional passions. They also said that actor Jagapathi Babu would not be allowed to enter Seemandhra if he continued to act in such films. In March, Leaders of Samaikyandhra Parirakshana Samithi performed ‘palabhishekam,' at the statue of Gurram Jashua in Nagarampalam and at the statue of Annamaya protesting against the desecration of statues of eminent Telugu personalities by pro-Telangana forces at Tank Bund during the Million March. In Vijayawada, a rally was taken out by the activists of Jana Vignana Vedika along with members of other cultural and literary organisations. They carried the pictures of eminent litterateurs Sri Sri, Tripuraneni Ramaswamy Chowdary, Annamayya and Kuchipudi exponent Siddhendra Yogi and decried the desecration of their statues, saying they did not belong to any one region or group. Media persons with the banner of AP Union of Working Journalists (Krishna urban unit) took out another rally and staged a dharna at sub-collector's office. Decrying the attacks on media persons and damaging of equipment belonging to various media houses, the journalists said the leadership of
Telangana movement The Telangana movement refers to a movement for the creation of a separate state, Telangana, from the pre-existing state of Andhra Pradesh in India. The new state corresponds to the Telugu-speaking portions of the erstwhile princely state of Hy ...
must accept responsibility for the incidents. In July, hundreds of women activists of the Women Joint Action Committee today took out a rally in Kadapa in favour of United State Samaikyandhra and raised slogans in support of a united state. In October, reacting to the Sakala Janula Samme carried out by the Telangana JAC, congress MLAs pointed out that while the richer sections were not affected, those in the bottom half of the economic strata were the worst-affected. The I-Max theatres and Telangana-based institutions continued their operations while others are made to suffer heavily, they deplored. On 21 October, a seminar was organised by the Rayalaseema Hakkula Ikya Vedika in
Kurnool Kurnool is a city in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. It formerly served as the capital of Andhra State (1953–1956). The city is often referred to as "The Gateway of Rayalaseema".Kurnool is also known as The City of Gem Stones. It also se ...
which was attended by Vedika president T G Venkatesh, 24 MLAs and 4 MLCs from the Congress, TDP and YSR Congress Party. The leaders passed a resolution asking the Centre to keep Andhra Pradesh integrated and warned of serious consequences if the Centre decides in favour of the formation of Telangana. The speakers said that the people of Rayalaseema have made several sacrifices for the formation of Andhra Pradesh, and that they had even compromised on the state capital being shifted to Hyderabad from Kurnool. On 1 November, the formation day of the state of
Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh (, abbr. AP) is a state in the south-eastern coastal region of India. It is the seventh-largest state by area covering an area of and tenth-most populous state with 49,386,799 inhabitants. It is bordered by Telangana to the ...
, Samaikyandhra protagonists in
Vijayawada Vijayawada, formerly known as Bezawada, is the second largest city in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh and is a part of the state's Capital Region. It is the administrative headquarters of the NTR district. Its metropolitan region comprises NT ...
reiterated their commitment to keep the State united by paying floral tributes to
Potti Sriramulu Potti Sreeramulu (IAST: ''Poṭṭi Śreerāmulu''; 16 March 1901 – 15 December 1952), was an Indian freedom fighter and revolutionary. Sreeramulu is revered as ''Amarajeevi'' ("Immortal Being") in the Andhra region for his self-sacrifice for ...
, whose life sacrifice led to formation of Andhra state from Tamil Nadu in 1953 and later formed as Andhra Pradesh in 1956 on linguistic basis. At a meeting organised by the SARVJAC, representatives of State government employees, teachers and lawyers vowed to make any sacrifice to prevent any move to divide the state. Cultural programmes were organised to highlight the rich cultural heritage of Telugu people on the occasion.


Protests in 2012

In August, the Student JAC warned that it will revive the agitation if the Centre does not come out with a strong message on keeping the State united. At a meeting held on the premises of Acharya Nagarjuna University attended by representatives from 14 universities in Coastal and Rayalaseema regions the activists demanded that the Centre make its stand clear on the Telangana issue and clear the uncertainty in the State. On 9 December, the anniversary of the Union government's statement in 2009, the Samaikya Andhra Rashtra Vidyarthi Joint Action Committee (Sarvjac) organized protests against moves to grant statehood to Telangana and remembered the day as Vidroha Dinam ''(betrayal day)''. On 28 December, leaders of the Samaikyandhra Parirakshna Samithi met in Vijayawada and warned of serious problems if a separate Telangana state was formed. They also expressed anger at Telangana leaders for their alleged inciting statements. Some educational institutions in Guntur remained closed today in response to the bandh call given by the Samaikyandhra student JAC and demonstrations were held.


Protests in 2013

In the run-up to the one-month deadline, when the home minister was to announce a decision on the division of state, several political leaders and organizations met him to demand that the state be kept united. On 10 January, Students led by Samaikyandhra Joint Action Committee picketed in front of
Guntur Guntur () is a city and the administrative headquarters of Guntur district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Guntur is spread across 168.49 km square and is the third-largest city in the state. It is situated to the west of the Ba ...
MP
Rayapati Sambasiva Rao Rayapati Sambasiva Rao is an Indian politician and a member of the 11th, 12th, 14th, 15th, and 16th Lok Sabha. He was one of the youngest members to be elected to the Rajya Sabha at the age of 39. He represented the Narasaraopet and Guntur parl ...
's house urging him to take a strong stand for a united state. On 18 January, leaders of the Samaikyandra students JAC were arrested near
Public Gardens A garden is a planned space, usually outdoors, set aside for the cultivation, display, and enjoyment of plants and other forms of nature. The single feature identifying even the wildest wild garden is ''control''. The garden can incorporate both ...
in Hyderabad when they tried to hold a meeting at the venue. Samaikyandhra JAC leaders also raided houses of MLAs in the Coastal Andhra & Rayalaseema regions demanding them to resign and prevail on the central government to keep the state united. Students under the banner of the Samaikyandhra Vidyarthi Joint Action Committee (SVJAC) held rallies urging the Centre to come out with a clear-cut announcement for keeping the State united. Any delay, according to them, was affecting the development in the State and the future of youth and others sections of rayalaseema and coastal area people. On 22 January, 4,673 active advocates practising in the 38 courts across
Visakhapatnam , image_alt = , image_caption = From top, left to right: Visakhapatnam aerial view, Vizag seaport, Simhachalam Temple, Aerial view of Rushikonda Beach, Beach road, Novotel, Novotel Visakhapatnam, INS Kursura (S20), INS ...
district abstained from work as per the call given by the bar association took out a protest rally carrying placards asking the Central government to maintain status quo in the state. On 25 January, Students and teachers of unaided schools and colleges took out rallies in Kadapa and
Anantapur Anantapur, officially Anantapuramu, is a city in Anantapur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the mandal headquarters of Anantapuru mandal and also the divisional headquarters of Anantapur revenue division. The city is loca ...
demanding a categorical announcement from the central government that the state will not be bifurcated. They also laid siege to Hindupur MP Nimmala Kistappa and demanded his resignation. Advocates staged protested at
Kurnool Kurnool is a city in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. It formerly served as the capital of Andhra State (1953–1956). The city is often referred to as "The Gateway of Rayalaseema".Kurnool is also known as The City of Gem Stones. It also se ...
and
Anantapur Anantapur, officially Anantapuramu, is a city in Anantapur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the mandal headquarters of Anantapuru mandal and also the divisional headquarters of Anantapur revenue division. The city is loca ...
by boycotting courts. Members of Kurnool Bar Association and Anantapur Bar Associations took out rallies in protest against proposals of separate
Telangana Telangana (; , ) is a States and union territories of India, state in India situated on the south-central stretch of the Indian subcontinent, Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau. It is the List of states and union territories of India b ...
state. In
Rajahmundry Rajahmundry, officially known as Rajamahendravaram, is a city in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh and District headquarters of East Godavari district. It is the sixth most populated city in the state. During British rule, the District of Rajah ...
, a meeting organised by local Congress MP
Vundavalli Aruna Kumar Vundavalli Arun Kumar (born 4 August 1954) is a Public Speaker, Lawyer, Political Analyst and former Member of Parliament in India. He was elected to the 14th Lok Sabha and 15th Lok Sabha from Rajahmundry constituency ( officially known as Raj ...
and attended by 11 ministers resolved to urge the Union Government not to bifurcate the state. Vundavalli remarked that "The youngsters who died during Telangana agitation are also our children and we are not interested to see their sacrifices. We don’t allow KCR to continue his cheap gimmicks for political mileage". He said that the TRS should stop whipping up regional passions in the name of a movement. On 27 January, activists of the Samaikyandhra JAC gheraoed the state Minister for Minor Irrigation T G Venkatesh, in Anantapur demanding that he resign in support of the Samaikyandhra movement. He said that the Union Government as well as the Congress government in the State were committed towards formation of a second SRC as was mentioned in the Congress manifesto. In June 2013, Samaikyandhra JAC activists protesting BJP's stand on the state division issue were attacked by BJP activists, when they tried to enter a meeting at the townhall in
Nellore Nellore is a city located on the banks of Penna River, in Nellore district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It serves as the headquarters of the district, as well as Nellore mandal and Nellore revenue division. It is the List of cities in ...
. Union Tourism Minister
Chiranjeevi Chiranjeevi (born Konidela Sivasankara Varaprasad; 22 August 1955) is an Indian actor, film producer and former politician, who predominantly works in Telugu cinema. Chiranjeevi starred in over 150 feature films in Telugu language, Telugu, as ...
, whose previous party
Praja Rajyam The Praja Rajyam Party was a political party in India. Formation The first public meeting was held by Chiranjeevi on 26 August 2008, at Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh. He addressed a gathering of about a million people and announced the party name ...
supported the united state stand before its merger with Congress, reiterated that personally he was still in favour of the untied state but will abide by whatever the Congress high command decides.


Congress Core Committee Meeting

On 1 July, Congress party's in-charge of the state, Digvijay Singh said that party is at the final stages of taking decision on
Telangana Telangana (; , ) is a States and union territories of India, state in India situated on the south-central stretch of the Indian subcontinent, Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau. It is the List of states and union territories of India b ...
issue. He also directed state chief minister, deputy chief minister and state party president (they represent assembly constituencies in
Rayalaseema Rayalaseema () is a geographic region in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It comprises eight south western districts of the State namely, Kurnool, Nandyal, Anantapur, Sri Sathya Sai, YSR, Annamayya, Tirupati and Chittoor districts ...
,
Telangana Telangana (; , ) is a States and union territories of India, state in India situated on the south-central stretch of the Indian subcontinent, Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau. It is the List of states and union territories of India b ...
and
Coastal Andhra Coastal Andhra (South costal Andhra) also known as Kostha Andhra is a region in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. Vijayawada is the largest city in this region. It was part of Madras State before 1953 and Andhra State from 1953 to 1956. ...
regions respectively) to furnish a roadmap, keeping both options open, that could help lead to a decision. Amidst reports of the central government reportedly moving towards a decision on the Telangana issue, 4 MLAs & 2 MLCs belonging to the Congress, YSR Congress Party (YSRCP) & TDP tendered token resignations to protest against division of the state. SVJAC activists also submitted a representation to Digvijaya Singh not to divide the State after several committees set up had not decided against creation of
Telangana Telangana (; , ) is a States and union territories of India, state in India situated on the south-central stretch of the Indian subcontinent, Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau. It is the List of states and union territories of India b ...
. They expressed apprehension that Rayalaseema and Coastal areas would face water and power problems and would slip into backwardness with lands turning into desert. Small states would also lead to problems of Naxalism, JAC State convener D.V. Krishna Yadav and others said in a statement. In a meeting on 5 July in
Anantapur Anantapur, officially Anantapuramu, is a city in Anantapur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the mandal headquarters of Anantapuru mandal and also the divisional headquarters of Anantapur revenue division. The city is loca ...
, Samaikyandhra JAC decided to hold a large number of meetings in various districts to exert pressure against dividing the state. A large number of activists from the Samaikyandhra JAC took out a rally at Dharmavaram in Anantapur district. In a related development, Union minister of state for Railways
Kotla Jayasurya Prakasha Reddy Kotla Jayasurya Prakasha Reddy (born 18 September 1951) was a member of the 15th Lok Sabha of India. He represented the Kurnool constituency of Andhra Pradesh and is a member of Indian National Congress. Early life He was born in Hyderabad to ...
met Digvijay Singh and represented to him that state should be kept united. In
Visakhapatnam , image_alt = , image_caption = From top, left to right: Visakhapatnam aerial view, Vizag seaport, Simhachalam Temple, Aerial view of Rushikonda Beach, Beach road, Novotel, Novotel Visakhapatnam, INS Kursura (S20), INS ...
, activists of the Samaikya Andhra Porata Samithi (SAPS) staged a protest and appealed to MP Purandeswari by sending her an Ashada Masa gift of turmeric, kumkum, bananas, sweetmeats and a saree (usually presented by brothers to married sisters during Ashada Masam) through parcel services. They also sent a Kamandala and Vibhoodhi (holy ash) to
T. Subbarami Reddy T. Subbarami Reddy (born 17 September 1943) is an Indian industrialist, politician, Telugu cinema, film producer, and a philanthropist. In 1993 he produced the Sanskrit film ''Bhagavad Gita (film), Bhagavad Gita'', which garnered the National Fi ...
, indirectly urging him to take up the issue seriously or be prepared for political exile. The activists also threatened to lay siege on their houses in Vizag, if they failed to respond positively to their cause for a united Andhra. SAPS state president GA Narayana Rao alleged that the two leaders were neither lobbying for united Andhra in Delhi with the Congress high command nor were they meeting with Seemandhra leaders to express their support to the cause. A group of activists also burnt an effigy of the state government at Andhra University even as another group of activists conducted a meeting of intellectuals supporting the united Andhra cause. While at the intellectuals meet held at the public library, a majority of speakers opposed the government's attitude toward bifurcation, they said they would not accept a division of the state. In
Vijayawada Vijayawada, formerly known as Bezawada, is the second largest city in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh and is a part of the state's Capital Region. It is the administrative headquarters of the NTR district. Its metropolitan region comprises NT ...
, a meeting was organized under the leadership of Lagadapati Rajagopal which was attended by Union minister J D Seelam who asserted their stand in keeping the state united. In
Guntur Guntur () is a city and the administrative headquarters of Guntur district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Guntur is spread across 168.49 km square and is the third-largest city in the state. It is situated to the west of the Ba ...
, Students JAC called for educational institutions bandh to protest the arrest of JAC leaders during the visit of Union minister Kavuri Sambasiva Rao. Another MP, Rayapati launched a signature campaign organized by the
Acharya Nagarjuna University Acharya Nagarjuna University (IAST: ''Ācārya Nāgārjuna Vișvavidyālaya'') is a state university in Namburu, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India. History The university was established as Nagarjuna University by Act 43 of 1976 of A.P. ...
students. A large number of students from local colleges participated in the signature campaign and warned that they would not hesitate to sacrifice their lives if the state was split into two. In Ongole, Student activists laid a siege to the house of Congress MLA B.N.Vijaykumar demanding his resignation for the cause of united Andhra Pradesh. Ahead of the 12 July meeting of Congress core committee, which is expected to discuss the vexed
Telangana Telangana (; , ) is a States and union territories of India, state in India situated on the south-central stretch of the Indian subcontinent, Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau. It is the List of states and union territories of India b ...
state formation issue, the students insisted that the legislator put in his papers to put pressure on the Centre to avert the division of the state at any cost. In
Srikakulam Srikakulam is a city and the headquarters of Srikakulam district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. census,. it has a population of 165,735. There are many other places of Buddhist Tourism such as Salihundam, Kalinga Patnam, Dabbaka Vaa ...
, activists conducted rallies and formed human chains in the district asking the Congress not to take any decision in favour of
Telangana Telangana (; , ) is a States and union territories of India, state in India situated on the south-central stretch of the Indian subcontinent, Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau. It is the List of states and union territories of India b ...
State formation saying that it would affect the interests of backward areas such as Srikakulam. Agitators staged a protest in front of the house of Union Minister of State for Communications and Technology Killi Krupa Rani at Tekkali asking her to make a statement in favour of United Andhra Pradesh. In Tirupati, students of various educational institutes took out a massive rally and formed a human chain at the busy town club circle while advocates decided to boycott their duties. In a meeting jointly convened by SAPS and Sri Venkateswara University Teachers Association (SVUTA) intellectuals strongly opposed the state bifurcation saying that they have already sacrificed two state capital cities Chennai and Kurnool during the formation of Andhra State and Andhra Pradesh State respectively and that they are not ready to sacrifice another capital city Hyderabad. In
Delhi Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, primarily its western or right bank, Delhi shares borders w ...
, activist peacefully stood outside
Digvijaya Singh Digvijaya Singh (born 28 February 1947) is an Indian politician and a Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha. He is Ex-General Secretary of the Indian National Congress party's All India Congress Committee. Previously, he had served as the ...
's residence with posters carrying message of unity is strength and many like that. On 11 July the state chief minister, deputy chief minister and state party president presented their views in the Congress core committee meeting, post which it was announced that a decision will be taken by the
Congress Working Committee The Congress Working Committee (CWC) is the executive committee of the Indian National Congress. It was formed in December 1920 at Nagpur session of INC which was headed by C. Vijayaraghavachariar. It typically consists of fifteen members electe ...
. The East godavari dist Students will gather At SKVT Degree College Rajahmundry and Form theGodavari Vidyardhi Samakya Form For The movement of samaikyandhra Dr P.V.B Sanjeecvarao is the Convinor OF this Federation who works as Telugu lecturer In SKVT college Was Elected.and Sheik HAZARATH VALI BASHA,KANDI KARTHIK,RAJA SIDDARTHA AND So many students are linked in this fdaration.


2013


CWC Resolution on Telangana

On 30 July,
Indian National Congress The Indian National Congress (INC), colloquially the Congress Party but often simply the Congress, is a political party in India with widespread roots. Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Em ...
party working committee unanimously passed a party resolution for the creation of a Telangana state. It was formally announced that the party would request the Central government to take steps in accordance with the
Constitution of India The Constitution of India (IAST: ) is the supreme law of India. The document lays down the framework that demarcates fundamental political code, structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental ri ...
to form a separate state of
Telangana Telangana (; , ) is a States and union territories of India, state in India situated on the south-central stretch of the Indian subcontinent, Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau. It is the List of states and union territories of India b ...
within a definite time frame.
Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh (, abbr. AP) is a state in the south-eastern coastal region of India. It is the seventh-largest state by area covering an area of and tenth-most populous state with 49,386,799 inhabitants. It is bordered by Telangana to the ...
and the newly formed
Telangana Telangana (; , ) is a States and union territories of India, state in India situated on the south-central stretch of the Indian subcontinent, Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau. It is the List of states and union territories of India b ...
state would share the current capital city
Hyderabad Hyderabad ( ; , ) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana and the ''de jure'' capital of Andhra Pradesh. It occupies on the Deccan Plateau along the banks of the Musi River (India), Musi River, in the northern part ...
as the common capital city for a period of 10 years. The
Indian National Congress The Indian National Congress (INC), colloquially the Congress Party but often simply the Congress, is a political party in India with widespread roots. Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Em ...
party also announced that all the concerns of people from remaining regions regarding sharing of water & power resources will be addressed. TRS welcomed the decision and said that their party is fine with Hyderabad being the joint capital.


Public Protests Aftermath

The decision to create a separate state triggered protests across the Coastal Andhra & Rayalaseema regions and by several government employee unions in Hyderabad. There were bandhs, blocking highways and roads, sporadic protests by students JAC, the NGOs (the non-gazetted government employees) and other sections of the public. Protesters raised slogans expressing their ire at the Congress president
Sonia Gandhi Sonia Gandhi ('' née'' Maino; born 9 December 1946) is an Indian politician. She is the longest serving president of the Indian National Congress, a social democratic political party, which has governed India for most of its post-independ ...
and burnt effigies of Sonia Gandhi and KCR. In
Vizianagaram Vizianagaram is a city and the headquarters of Vizianagaram district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is central Eastern Ghats, about west of the Bay of Bengal and north-northeast of Visakhapatnam. The city has a population of 228,02 ...
, a home guard committed suicide in protest against the decision and another death, of a student, was reported from Guntur over the same issue. APSRTC employees union, AP Government Doctors Association, Lawyers condemned bifurcation of the State and went round the court premises holding banners demanding that the Government keep the State unified. All commercial activity came to a standstill and educational institutions were closed. APSRTC buses were confined to depots with employees to joining the protests.
MIM MIM or Mim may refer to: Places * Mim, Ahafo, Ghana * Mim Lake, Ghana * Mim Bour, or Mim Mountains, Ghana Education * Master of Management, a post-graduate master's degree * Master of Information Management, an interdisciplinary degree progra ...
activists of Anantapur also staged a protest against the decision to split the state. All private business establishments, banks, government offices, hotels remained closed. Seemandhra employees in the Secretariat boycotted their duties took out a rally's. The protests also included exclusive demonstrations by advocates, teachers, students, automobile mechanics, bus and lorry owners, drivers, tailors, barbers, butchers, goldsmiths, carpenters and merchants in different parts of the region. The protesters, raised slogans like for 'United Andhra Pradesh'. A youth committed suicide in Chittoor district after shouting slogans in favour of ‘Samaikyandhra Pradesh’. An unemployed engineering graduate committed suicide by consuming pesticide and held TRS president K. Chandrasekhar Rao and Union Ministers P. Chidambaram, Sushil Kumar Shinde and Digvijay Singh responsible for the State's split. Normal life was paralysed in 13 districts across Coastal Andhra & Rayalseema regions with public transport remaining off the road and over four lakh government employees going on an indefinite strike in protest against the move to bifurcate Andhra Pradesh. Petrol bunks, educational institutions, cinema halls, shops and establishments were closed at most places even as various forms of protests, including hunger strike, rallies were organised. On 5 September, in Nellore, ''Laksha Gala Ghosha'' under the banner of ''Samaikyandhra Simha Garjana'' was held at the A.C. Subba Reddy sports stadium which was attended by over 1.25 lakh people. ''Save Andhra Pradesh Meeting in Hyderabad'' On 7 September, In Hyderabad, Government employees asserted that they would settle for nothing less than undivided Andhra Pradesh at their impressive public meeting ''Save Andhra Pradesh'', organised by the AP Non-Gazetted Officers’ Association at LB Stadium amid heightened tension on account of the Telangana bandh call, sporadic attacks and heavy police restrictions. All the galleries and the ground were packed with employees from various departments. During the meeting, the APNGOs president said the people of Seemandhra were not ready to accept division or give up Hyderabad as their livelihood is linked to the city. He said that Indira Gandhi ordered for United Andhra Pradesh but the Congress decided to carve out separate Telangana state with Hyderabad as its capital. the APNGOs, strongly objected to the restrictions imposed by the police on live coverage of the meeting. He reminded that they have conducted the meeting with the permission of the police and the High Court. He questioned as to how far it was justifiable to impose restrictions on live coverage of the meeting of APNGOs. It was undemocratic to muzzle the voice of media, he said. He cautioned that they would further intensify their agitation, if the Telangana Bill was introduced in Parliament, not considering the sentiments of Seemandhra people. He also revealed a plan to conduct a million march in Parade Grounds in Hyderabad. The bandh call by Telangana JAC came after the city police gave permission to the pro-united AP state government employees to organise a public meeting but denied the same to pro-Telangana groups. Scores of pro-Telangana supporters gathered clandestinely in the Nizam College hostel building adjacent to the LB Stadium and hurled stones at employees from Seemandhra, who were making way into the stadium. Police, who entered the hostel building to disperse the violent mob, were also greeted with stones. However, police in riot gear took several ‘outsiders’ into custody and whisked them away from the hostel building. An Armed Reserve police constable was allegedly beaten up by policemen and Samikyandhra employees inside the venue for voicing Jai Telangana slogans. An Armed Reserve police constable was beaten up by policemen and Samikyandhra employees at the ‘Save Andhra Pradesh’ public meeting at LB Stadium for raising Jai Telangana slogan. On 29 September 2013, a seven-hour-long meeting to ‘Save Andhra Pradesh,’ held in Kurnool saw an attendance of around 100,000 people.


Reactions by Political Parties

On 1 August, One minister and 18 legislators from the Congress Party in Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions resigned over the bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh. On 5 August, MPs belonging to both Congress and TDP created uproar in both Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha demanding a clear statement from the government to keep the state united. On 10 August, president of the YSR Congress Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy and his mother, YSR Congress Legislature Party leader Y.S. Vijayalakshmi resigned from their memberships of the Lok Sabha and Assembly respectively to protest the Congress’ unilateral decision to go ahead with the creation of Telangana state without addressing the concerns of other regions of the state. On 12 August, two state ministers resigned from their posts protesting the proposed bifurcation of the state. On 13 August, Members of the Congress party, including Cabinet Ministers, MPs & MLAs held a protest and raised slogans in the Parliament premises demanding a united Andhra Pradesh. TDP MP
Naramalli Sivaprasad Naramalli Sivaprasad (10 June 1951 – 21 September 2019) was an Indian film actor turned politician, belonging to Telugu Desam Party. In the 2009 election he was elected to the Lok Sabha from the Chittoor constituency in Andhra Pradesh. He ...
created uproar in the Lok Sabha by dressing up as Lord Krishna and trooping into the well of the House to protest. On 15 August, a delegation of eight union ministers met the high-level panel headed by Defence Minister A. K. Antony, which was appointed to look into the concerns of people from Coastal Andhra & Rayalaseema regions after the proposed division. The ministers told the panel about the problems like sharing of water and power resources, security to employees and other issues that would arise once the State was divided. They also demanded the appointment of a 2nd
States Reorganisation Commission The States Reorganisation Commission (SRC) constituted by the Central Government of India in December 1953 to recommend the reorganization of state boundaries. In September 1955, after two years of study, the Commission, comprising Justice Fazal ...
to look into the creation of a Telangana state. On 16 August, wife of state minister Thota narasimham was forcibly shifted to a hospital after 6 days of indefinite fast in
Kakinada Kakinada (List of renamed places in India, formerly called Kakinandiwada, Coringa, and Cocanada; ) is the List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population, sixth largest city of the States and union territories of India, Indian state of Andhra P ...
. On 19 August, YSR Congress Party honorary president Y.S. Vijayalakshmi began her indefinite fast against the proposed division. On 20 August, two MLAs from Nellore district started an indefinite hunger strike against the division proposal. In Kadapa, two YSRCP leaders ended their fast after 9 days when they were forcibly shifted to a hospital. On 21 August, CM Kiran Kumar Reddy met the Anthony committee and argued that bifurcation would harm the interests of the two States and also pointed out that the Congress party will face problems electorally. Over a dozen state ministers also met the committee and listed a number of issues such as river water sharing, employment, economic development, agriculture, HRD that needed to be addressed before the Centre goes ahead with the division. On 22 August, TDP MP in
Rajya Sabha The Rajya Sabha, constitutionally the Council of States, is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of India. , it has a maximum membership of 245, of which 233 are elected by the legislatures of the states and union territories using si ...
Nandamuri Harikrishna Nandamuri Harikrishna (2 September 1956 – 29 August 2018) was an Indian actor, producer, and politician. He served as the Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house the Indian Parliament representing the state of Andhra Pradesh ...
submitted his resignation which was accepted on the same day. In Guntur & Nellore, TDP MLAs who were on an indefinite fast were forcibly shifted to hospitals. Another MLA launched a '' padayatra'' from Chittoor to
Tirumala Tirumala is a spiritual town in Tirupati district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is one of the suburbs of the Tirupati, Tirupati urban agglomeration. The town is a part of Tirupati Urban Development Authority and located in Tirupa ...
. In
Lok Sabha The Lok Sabha, constitutionally the House of the People, is the lower house of India's bicameral Parliament, with the upper house being the Rajya Sabha. Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by an adult universal suffrage and a first-past ...
, the government brought a suspend motion on 11 MPs belonging to TDP & Congress for protesting the Telangana decision. However, members of opposition including
Trinamool Congress The All India Trinamool Congress (English: All India Grassroots Congress; AITC), colloquially the Trinamool Congress ( TMC) is an Indian political party which is predominantly active in West Bengal. The party is led by Mamata Banerjee, the cur ...
and BJP protested the motion. On 23 August, 8 Congress and 4 MPs were suspended for continuously stalling the Lok Sabha proceedings. On 2 October, several BJP leaders from Coastal Andhra & Rayalaseema regions met their party's central leadership including
L K Advani Lal Krishna Advani (born 8 November 1927) is an Indian politician who served as the 7th Deputy Prime Minister of India from 2002 to 2004. Advani is one of the co-founders and a senior leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He is a longtime memb ...
,
Rajnath Singh Rajnath Singh (; born 10 July 1951) is an Indian politician serving as the Defence Minister of India. He is currently the Deputy Leader of the House Lok Sabha. He is the former President of Bharatiya Janata Party. He has previously served as t ...
and sought their intervention to impress upon the Centre to address concerns of the people due to the state division. The BJP later issued a statement that their party was committed for the state division but will ensure that everyone's concerns will be addressed and no injustice will be done to any region.


Protests in 2014

APNGOs Association have called for bandh (general strike) in seemandhra on 13 February 2014 in protesting against the introduction of Telangana Bill in parliament. The general strike has crippled normal life in the
Rayalaseema Rayalaseema () is a geographic region in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It comprises eight south western districts of the State namely, Kurnool, Nandyal, Anantapur, Sri Sathya Sai, YSR, Annamayya, Tirupati and Chittoor districts ...
and Coastal regions of
Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh (, abbr. AP) is a state in the south-eastern coastal region of India. It is the seventh-largest state by area covering an area of and tenth-most populous state with 49,386,799 inhabitants. It is bordered by Telangana to the ...


AP Reorganization Bill in Parliament

The Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Bill, 2013 was introduced by the
speaker Speaker may refer to: Society and politics * Speaker (politics), the presiding officer in a legislative assembly * Public speaker, one who gives a speech or lecture * A person producing speech: the producer of a given utterance, especially: ** In ...
Meira Kumar at 12:00PM on 13 February 2014. During this time there was a lot of shouting slogans in the parliament and MP
Lagadapati Rajagopal Lagadapati Rajagopal (born 1964) is an industrialist and former politician. He was the 15th Lok Sabha MP from the Vijaywada constituency for Indian National Congress. He resigned from Parliament and quit politics after the Telangana Bill wa ...
sprayed pepper spray at the speaker and all around in the parliament. He was then tackled by some
Congress A congress is a formal meeting of the representatives of different countries, constituent states, organizations, trade unions, political parties, or other groups. The term originated in Late Middle English to denote an encounter (meeting of a ...
MPs from other states. Another MP Modugula Venugopala Reddypulled out a mic and moved menacingly towards the MPs who were trying to stop L Rajagopal. The parliament was then adjourned at 12:05PM to 02:00PM. But later, it was officially announced that the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Bill, 2013 was passed. Leader of the opposition in Lok Sabha Sushma Swaraj said she does not know if the bill was introduced and denies to acknowledge that it was introduced.


Petitions in Supreme Court

Nine petitions were filed in supreme court requesting for a stay of Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Bill, 2013 tabling in parliament. The supreme court later rejected the pleas saying, "We do not think this is the appropriate stage for us to interfere". And said they would take them up later.


Support in Telangana

AIMIM The All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen ( en, All India Council for Unity of Muslims) ( AIMIM) is an Indian political party based primarily in the city of Hyderabad. It is also a significant political party in the Indian States of Telangana ...
party which represents a few assembly segments in Hyderabad City has committed towards keeping the state united. Also,
Sangareddy Sangareddy, is a city and district headquarters of the Sangareddy district in the Indian state of Telangana. It was named after the ruler Sanga, who was the son of Rani Shankaramba, a ruler of Medak district, Medak during the period of Nizams. ...
MLA
Jagga Reddy Aredla Jagadeeshwar Reddy, popularly known as Jagga Reddy, is an Indian politician who is the current Working President of Telangana Pradesh Congress Committee since 28 June 2021. He is the current Member of Telangana Legislative Assembly for Sa ...
has come in support of keeping the state united. In 2010,
Chiranjeevi Chiranjeevi (born Konidela Sivasankara Varaprasad; 22 August 1955) is an Indian actor, film producer and former politician, who predominantly works in Telugu cinema. Chiranjeevi starred in over 150 feature films in Telugu language, Telugu, as ...
and
Jagan Mohan Reddy Yeduguri Sandinti Jagan Mohan Reddy (born 21 December 1972) also known as Y. S. Jagan or mononymously Jagan, is an Indian entrepreneur and politician serving as the 17th and current chief minister of Andhra Pradesh since 30 May 2019. He is the ...
who had openly supported this movement had faced trouble attending some public events in
Telangana Telangana (; , ) is a States and union territories of India, state in India situated on the south-central stretch of the Indian subcontinent, Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau. It is the List of states and union territories of India b ...
region In light of the ongoing violent agitations and political gridlock, some politicians have suggested to include Nalgonda district in to Seemandhra instead of Kurnool district. This could resolve the issue of Hyderabad as a permanent common capital. This proposal means Hyderabad can be a border city of Telangana and seemandhra. Many Telangana leaders have opposed this plan.


Support from NRIs

This movement has also received support from a section of seemandhra NRIs settled abroad with AndhraPradeshNRI.org, a non-profit organization created to provide a platform to reflect the views of seemandhra NRIs of Andhra Pradesh origin, organizing several events across the US to celebrate the AP formation day in November 2010.AP Formation Day Celebrations In Dallas
– 2011 greatandhra
No politician from Telangana attended these events. A group of Telangana NRIs protested at the events organized by Samaikya Andhra proponents.WASHINGTON-DC-TelanganaNRI_protests.wmv
/ref> Telugu people in Canada cutting across regional lines criticized the Indian government for not dealing with "blackmail" politics to thwart creation of Telangana out of Andhra Pradesh and have come out in favour of the division of the state.


See also

*
Telangana Movement The Telangana movement refers to a movement for the creation of a separate state, Telangana, from the pre-existing state of Andhra Pradesh in India. The new state corresponds to the Telugu-speaking portions of the erstwhile princely state of Hy ...
*
Vishalandhra Movement The Visalandhra, Vishalandhra or Vishala Andhra was a movement in post-independence India for a united state for all Telugu language, Telugu speakers, a Greater Andhra ( te, విశాలాంధ్ర ''Viśālāndhra''). This movement was l ...
*
Jai Andhra Movement Jai Andhra movement is a 1972 political movement in support for the creation of Andhra state in the light of injustices felt by the people of the Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema Regions. This was after the HC and SC upheld the Mulki rules in exist ...


References

{{reflist Politics of Andhra Pradesh Social movements in India 21st-century social movements Nonviolent resistance movements Telangana movement History of Andhra Pradesh (1947–2014)