''Prosena siberita'' is a species of

fly Flies are insects of the Order (biology), order Diptera, the name being derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek δι- ''di-'' "two", and πτερόν ''pteron'' "wing". Insects of this order use only a single pair of wings to fly, the hindwing ...

in the family

Tachinidae The Tachinidae are a large and variable family of true flies within the insect order Diptera, with more than 8,200 known species and many more to be discovered. Over 1,300 species have been described in North America alone. Insects in this family ...

Distribution

This species is present in most of

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

Central Asia Central Asia, also known as Middle Asia, is a subregion, region of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north. It includes t ...

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

Mongolia Mongolia; Mongolian script: , , ; lit. "Mongol Nation" or "State of Mongolia" () is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of , with a population of just 3.3 million, ...

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...

Transcaucasia The South Caucasus, also known as Transcaucasia or the Transcaucasus, is a geographical region on the border of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, straddling the southern Caucasus Mountains. The South Caucasus roughly corresponds to modern Arme ...

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

Malaysia Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r ...

Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, Joh ...

Nepal Nepal (; ne, नेपाल ), formerly the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ( ne, सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल ), is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is mai ...

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

Ryukyu Islands The , also known as the or the , are a chain of Japanese islands that stretch southwest from Kyushu to Taiwan: the Ōsumi, Tokara, Amami, Okinawa, and Sakishima Islands (further divided into the Miyako and Yaeyama Islands), with Yonaguni ...

Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...

Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

and

New Caledonia ) , anthem = "" , image_map = New Caledonia on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg , map_alt = Location of New Caledonia , map_caption = Location of New Caledonia , mapsize = 290px , subdivision_type = Sovereign st ...

. It has been introduced and established in

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...

. The earliest introduction occurred in 1925, when numerous specimens were released in

New Jersey New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delaware ...

for the purpose of establishing a local population to combat the spread of the

Japanese beetle The Japanese beetle (''Popillia japonica'') is a species of scarab beetle. The adult measures in length and in width, has iridescent copper-colored elytra and a green thorax and head. It is not very destructive in Japan (where it is controlle ...

Description

''Prosena siberita'' can reach a body length of . These flies have a grey dusted, fuscous or testaceour body. In males the abdomen is largely testaceous, while in females it is fuscous, densely grey dusted. Thorax shows some yellowish hairs. They have a very long and slender proboscis that they keep hinged under the body. The length of the proboscis is longer than the height of the head. Palpi are highly reduced. Eyes are reddish-brown and bare. Femora are reddish. Wings are

hyaline A hyaline substance is one with a glassy appearance. The word is derived from el, ὑάλινος, translit=hyálinos, lit=transparent, and el, ὕαλος, translit=hýalos, lit=crystal, glass, label=none. Histopathology Hyaline cartilage is ...

, yellowish-brown at the base.Robert Belsha
"Tachinid Flies, Diptera: Tachinidae", Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects
Vol. 10, Part 4a(i), page 108, Royal Entomological Society of London, 1993.

Biology

''Prosena siberita'' is a

univoltine Voltinism is a term used in biology to indicate the number of broods or generations of an organism in a year. The term is most often applied to insects, and is particularly in use in sericulture, where silkworm varieties vary in their voltinism. ...

species. Adults are harmless nectar feeders on flowers of various plants (''

Clematis gouriana ''Clematis gouriana'', or Indian Traveller's Joy, is a liana found in Asia which belongs to the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae). It was described by Roxb. ex DC. and published in ''Regni Vegetabilis Systema Naturale'' 1: 138-139, in 1818. Dis ...

'', ''

Gnaphalium ''Gnaphalium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, commonly called cudweeds. They are widespread and common in temperate regions, although some are found on tropical mountains or in the subtropical regions of the world. Cudw ...

'' sp., ''

Tecoma castanifolia ''Tecoma castanifolia'' is a species of flowering plant native to Ecuador and Peru. Unlike some other ''Tecoma'' species, the leaves are simple Simple or SIMPLE may refer to: *Simplicity, the state or quality of being simple Arts and entert ...

'', ''

Seseli libanotis ''Seseli libanotis'', also known by the common names moon carrot, mountain stone-parsley, or säfferot, is a species of herb in the genus ''Seseli'' of the carrot family, ''Apiaceae''. It is native to Eurasia, throughout which it is widespread. ...

'', ''

Patrinia scabiosifolia ''Patrinia scabiosifolia'', the eastern valerian or golden lace, is a species of flowering plant in the family Caprifoliaceae. It is native to southeastern Siberia, Mongolia, the Russian Far East, most of China, Vietnam, Korea, Japan, and the Ryu ...

'', etc.). Their larvae parasitize the larvae of various

Sericini Sericini is a tribe of scarab beetles in the family Scarabaeidae. There are at least 100 described species in Sericini. Members of this tribe can be identified using their mouthparts, specifically their three-jointed labium and asymmetric maxill ...

Melolonthini Melolonthini is a tribe of scarab beetles in the family Scarabaeidae. There are over 250 genera in Melolonthini, occurring worldwide; there are over 300 species in North America alone, and more than 3000 worldwide. Selected genera *'' Amblonoxi ...

and

Anomalini Anomalini is a tribe of shining leaf chafers in the family Scarabaeidae. There are about 1300 described species in Anomalini worldwide, including 60 in North America. Selected genera * '' Anomala'' Samouelle, 1819 * '' Anomalacra'' Casey, 1915 ...

scarab beetles The family Scarabaeidae, as currently defined, consists of over 30,000 species of beetles worldwide; they are often called scarabs or scarab beetles. The classification of this family has undergone significant change in recent years. Several sub ...

(''

Popillia japonica The Japanese beetle (''Popillia japonica'') is a species of scarab beetle. The adult measures in length and in width, has iridescent copper-colored elytra and a green thorax and head. It is not very destructive in Japan (where it is control ...

'', '' Adoretus'', ''

Anomala ''Anomala'' is a genus of shining leaf chafers in the family of beetles known as Scarabaeidae. There are at least 1,200 described species in ''Anomala''. A common characteristic behavior of beetles in ''Anomala'' is that most grubs of these ...

'', '' Leucopholis'' species).The parasites of ''Popillia japonica'' in Japan and Chosen (Korea), and their introduction into United States
United States of Agriculture – Dept. Bull. n. 1429

Bibliography

*James E. O'Hara, Hiroshi Shima, & Chuntian Zhang. "Annotated Catalogue of the Tachinidae (Insecta: Diptera) of China." ''Zootaxa'' 2190 (2009): 1–236. *Sabrosky and Arnaud, in Stone et al., 1965, Catalog of the Diptera of America north of Mexico, p. 987.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q7250579 Diptera of Asia Diptera of Europe Diptera of Australasia Diptera of Africa Tachinidae Insects described in 1775 Articles containing video clips Taxa named by Johan Christian Fabricius