The family Prophalangopsidae are

insect Insects (from Latin ') are pancrustacean hexapod invertebrates of the class Insecta. They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body ( head, thorax and abdomen), three ...

s belonging to the order Orthoptera. They are the only extant members of the superfamily Hagloidea. There is only one extant

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...

in North America, where they are known as grigs, four genera in

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an are ...

, and many extinct genera (see below). The closest living relatives to the Prophalangopsidae are the family

Tettigoniidae Insects in the family Tettigoniidae are commonly called katydids (especially in North America), or bush crickets. They have previously been known as "long-horned grasshoppers". More than 8,000 species are known. Part of the suborder Ensifera, ...

(katydids or bush-crickets), but the evolutionary split occurred more than 230 million years ago in the

Permian The Permian ( ) is a geologic period and System (stratigraphy), stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.9 Mya. It is the last ...

. The female of the species consumes the wings of the male during mating. Haglidae is often used as a synonym of the family, but is used to refer to a distinct grouping of extinct hagloids by paleontologists.

Subfamilies and genera

The Orthoptera Species File lists the following:Orthoptera Species File: Prophalangopsidae Kirby, 1906 (retrieved 5 January 2018)
/ref> Archibald, Gu, and Mathewes (2022) removed the genera †'' Albertoilus'' and †'' Palaeorehnia'' from the family, moving them to a newly revised † Palaeorehniidae which they considered unplaced as to superfamily. * Cyphoderrinae Gorochov 1988 ** '' Cyphoderris'' Uhler, 1864 (NW America) ** '' Paracyphoderris'' Storozhenko, 1980 (Siberia) * Prophalangopsinae Kirby, 1906 ** '' Aboilomimus'' Gorochov, 2001 (China) ** '' Prophalangopsis'' Walker, 1871 (Indian subcontinent) ** '' Tarragoilus'' Gorochov, 2001 (China) ** †'' Jurassobatea'' Zeuner, 1937 Solnhofen Limestone, Germany, Late Jurassic ( Tithonian) ** †'' Mesoprophalangopsis'' Hong, 1986 Haifanggou Formation, China, Middle Jurassic (

Callovian In the geologic timescale, the Callovian is an age and stage in the Middle Jurassic, lasting between 166.1 ± 4.0 Ma (million years ago) and 163.5 ± 4.0 Ma. It is the last stage of the Middle Jurassic, following the Bathonian and preceding the ...

) ** †'' Zalmonites'' Handlirsch, 1906 Green Series, Germany, Early Jurassic (

Toarcian The Toarcian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, an age and stage in the Early or Lower Jurassic. It spans the time between 182.7 Ma (million years ago) and 174.1 Ma. It follows the Pliensbachian and is followed by the Aalenian. The Toarcian ...

) * †Aboilinae Martynov 1925 ** †'' Aboilus'' Martynov, 1925 ** †'' Allaboilus'' Ren & Meng, 2006 ** †'' Angustaboilus'' Li, Ren & Meng, 2007 ** †'' Apsataboilus'' Gorochov, 1990 ** †'' Bacharaboilus'' Gorochov, 1988 ** †'' Baissaboilus'' Gorochov, 1996 ** †'' Brunneus'' Hong, 1983 ** †'' Circulaboilus'' Li, Ren & Wang, 2007 ** †'' Flexaboilus'' Li, Ren & Meng, 2007 ** †'' Furcaboilus'' Li, Ren & Wang, 2007 ** †'' Karatailus'' Gorochov, 1996 ** †'' Notohagla'' Johns, 1996 ** †'' Novaboilus'' Li, Ren & Meng, 2007 ** †'' Pamphagopsis'' Martynov, 1925 ** †'' Procyrtophyllites'' Zeuner, 1935 ** †'' Prophalangopseides'' Sharov, 1968 ** †'' Pseudohagla'' Sharov, 1962 ** †'' Pycnophlebia'' Deichmuller, 1886 ** †'' Sigmaboilus'' Fang, Zhang, Wang & Zhang, 2007 ** †'' Sunoprophalangopsis'' Hong, 1982 ** †'' Tettaboilus'' Gorochov, 1988 ** †'' Utanaboilus'' Gorochov, 1990 * †Chifengiinae Hong, 1982 ** †'' Aenigmoilus'' Gorochov, Jarzembowski & Coram, 2006 ** †'' Aethehagla'' Meng & Ren, 2006 ** †'' Ashanga'' Zherikhin, 1985 ** †'' Ashangopsis'' Lin, Huang & Nel, 2008 ** †'' Chifengia'' Hong, 1982 ** †'' Grammohagla'' Meng & Ren, 2006 ** †'' Habrohagla'' Ren, Lu, Guo & Ji, 1995 ** †'' Hebeihagla'' Hong, 1982 ** †'' Parahagla'' Sharov, 1968 * †Protaboilinae Gorochov 1995 ** †'' Protaboilus'' Gorochov, 1988 * †Termitidiinae Zeuner 1939 ** †'' Agrionidium'' Westwood, 1854 ** †'' Mesogryllus'' Handlirsch, 1906 ** †'' Pseudaboilus'' Gorochov, Jarzembowski & Coram, 2006 ** †'' Termitidium'' Westwood, 1854 ** †'' Tettigoilus'' Gorochov, Jarzembowski & Coram, 2006 ** †'' Zalmona'' Giebel, 1856 * †Tettohaglinae Gorochov 2003 ** †'' Tettohagla'' Gorochov, 1996 * undetermined subfamily: ** †'' Cratohaglopsis'' Martins-Neto, 1991 ** †'' Kevania'' Martins-Neto, 1991 ** †'' Sinoprophalangopsis'' Hong, 1983

References

External links

* * {{Taxonbar, from=Q389762 Orthoptera families Extant Permian first appearances Ensifera