Promotion Of Bantu Self-government Act, 1959
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The Promotion of
Bantu Bantu may refer to: *Bantu languages, constitute the largest sub-branch of the Niger–Congo languages *Bantu peoples, over 400 peoples of Africa speaking a Bantu language * Bantu knots, a type of African hairstyle *Black Association for National ...
Self-Government Act, 1959 (Act No. 46 of 1959, commenced 19 June; subsequently renamed the Promotion of Black Self-government Act, 1959 and later the Representation between the Republic of South Africa and Self-governing Territories Act, 1959) was an important piece of
South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countri ...
n
apartheid legislation The system of racial segregation and oppression in South Africa known as ''apartheid'' was implemented and enforced by many acts and other laws. This legislation served to institutionalize racial discrimination and the dominance by white people o ...
that allowed for the transformation of traditional tribal lands into "fully fledged independent states
Bantustan A Bantustan (also known as Bantu homeland, black homeland, black state or simply homeland; ) was a territory that the National Party administration of South Africa set aside for black inhabitants of South Africa and South West Africa (now N ...
s", which would supposedly provide for the right to self-determination of the country's black population. It also resulted in the abolition of parliamentary representation for black South Africans, an act furthered in 1970 with the passage of the
Black Homeland Citizenship Act The Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act, 1970 (Act No. 26 of 1970; subsequently renamed the Black States Citizenship Act, 1970 and the National States Citizenship Act, 1970) was a Self Determination or denaturalization laws, denaturalization law pass ...
.


Background

The Act was designed to further the policy of so-called ''Grand Apartheid'', meaning the permanent partition of South Africa into national "homelands" for each supposed "people" or nation. In this plan, the ''
Afrikaner Afrikaners () are a South African ethnic group descended from Free Burghers, predominantly Dutch settlers first arriving at the Cape of Good Hope in the 17th and 18th centuries.Entry: Cape Colony. ''Encyclopædia Britannica Volume 4 Part 2: ...
s'' (indigenized Dutch) people would control the bulk of the country, while the African population was divided into eight peoples, defined according to language groups, that would have separate nation-states in areas unilaterally demarcated by the white regime. Each black "nation" was then provided with a Commissioner-General, who was entrusted with the development of its assigned Homeland into a fully self-governing state. Blacks were expected to exercise their political rights in these Homeland enclave states, not in the remainder of South Africa where white supremacy would continue and
Afrikaner nationalism Afrikaner nationalism ( af, Afrikanernasionalisme) is a nationalistic political ideology which created by Afrikaners residing in Southern Africa during the Victorian era. The ideology was developed in response to the significant events in Afrik ...
would be expressed.


Content of the Act

The following is a brief description of the sections of the Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act, 1959:


Definitions and interpretation

;Section 1 Defines the explanations of keywords in the Act. ;Section 2.1 Defines the eight types of Bantu populations. ;Section 2.2 Defines the right of the Governor-General to commissioner-generals for each Bantu population type. ;Section 2.3 Defines that the rights of the commissioner-generals powers, functions and duties are defined in the Act. ;Section 2.4 Defines the commissioner-general employment period as five years or at the pleasure of the Governor-General, not hold another civil service or private position and reside at a place considered acceptable by the minister. ;Section 3 Defines the powers, function and duties of the commissioner-general to represent the government with each Bantu population group or authority. ;Section 4.1 Defines the rights of the Minister with approval of the Governor-general to appoint a Bantu person to represent the population type. ;Section 4.2 Defines that the representative, after approval from the Governor-general, is the recognised representative for the region. ;Section 4.3 Defines the Governor-general's right to withdraw recognition. ;Section 5.1 Defines the powers, function and duties of the Bantu representative recognised and appointed under section 4. ;Section 5.2 Defines that the representative appoint is deemed to be a headman in relation to the Native Administration Act, 1927 section 2(8). ;Section 6 Defines the amendments to the Native Administration Act, 1927 brought about by this Act. ;Section 7 Defines the insertions into section 4 of the Native Trust and Land Act, 1936, brought about by this Act, allowing the transfer of land by trusts as well as powers, functions and duties in the former. ;Section 8 Defines the legislative powers of the Bantu authorities. ;Section 9 Defines the amendments to the definitions in section 1 in the Bantu Authorities Act 68, 1951. ;Section 10 Defines the word amendments in section 2(2) in the Bantu Authorities Act 68, 1951. ;Section 11 Defines the word amendments in section 5(1a) and section 7 in the Bantu Authorities Act 68, 1951. ;Section 12 Defines text for the new substitution for section 7 in the Bantu Authorities Act 68, 1951. ;Section 13 Defines text for the new substitution for section 7bis in the Bantu Authorities Act 68, 1951. ;Section 14.1 Defines the ability of the Governor-General to make regulations for the terms of office, renumeration, meeting attendance, etc, for a commissioner-general. ;Section 14.2 Defines that regulations may differ from one bantu population group to the next. ;Section 14.3 Defines the penalties, fines or imprisonment for contravening or failing to comply with the said regulations. ;Section 15 Defines that the Representation of Natives Act, 1936 is repealed but has no effect on duly elected senators or members of the House of Assembly, between that Act and this acts commencement. ;Section 16 Defines the name of the Act.


Repeal

The Act was repealed by the
Interim Constitution of South Africa The Interim Constitution was the fundamental law of South Africa from the first non-racial general election on 27 April 1994 until it was superseded by the final constitution on 4 February 1997. As a transitional constitution it required th ...
on 27 April 1994.


References

{{Apartheid legislation navbox Bantu Bantustans in South Africa Apartheid laws in South Africa 1959 in South African law 1959 in international relations Self-governance