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Prodelphinidin is a name for the polymeric tannins composed of
Prodelphinidin is a name for the polymeric tannins composed of gallocatechin
Gallocatechol or gallocatechin (GC) is a flavan-3-ol, a type of chemical compound including catechin, with the gallate residue being in an isomeric trans position.
This compound possesses two epimers. The most common, (+)-gallocatechin (GC), CAS ...
. It yields delphinidin
Delphinidin (also delphinidine) is an anthocyanidin, a primary plant pigment, and also an antioxidant. Delphinidin gives blue hues to flowers in the genera ''Viola'' and ''Delphinium''. It also gives the blue-red color of the grape that produces ...
during depolymerisation under oxidative conditions.
Natural occurrences
Prodelphinidins are one of the two sorts of tannins ingrape
A grape is a fruit, botanically a berry, of the deciduous woody vines of the flowering plant genus ''Vitis''. Grapes are a non- climacteric type of fruit, generally occurring in clusters.
The cultivation of grapes began perhaps 8,000 years ago, ...
(the other being procyanidin
Procyanidins are members of the proanthocyanidin (or condensed tannins) class of flavonoids. They are oligomeric compounds, formed from catechin and epicatechin molecules. They yield cyanidin when depolymerized under oxidative conditions.
See the ...
s) being produced especially in the skin of the berry.
Prodelphinidins can be found in ''Cistus salviifolius
''Cistus salviifolius'', common names sage-leaved rock-rose, salvia cistus or Gallipoli rose, is a shrub of the family Cistaceae.
Etymology
The genus name ''Cistus'' derives from the Ancient Greek words ''κίσθος'' (''kisthos'') meaning bas ...
''. Gallocatechin-(4→8)-catechin (prodelphinidin B3
Prodelphinidin B3 is a prodelphinidin dimer found in food products such as barley and beer, in fruits and pod vegetables. It can also be found in pomegranate
The pomegranate (''Punica granatum'') is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub in the fami ...
), gallocatechin-(4→8)-gallocatechin and catechin-(4→8)-gallocatechin can be found in the pomegranate
The pomegranate (''Punica granatum'') is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub in the family Lythraceae, subfamily Punicoideae, that grows between tall.
The pomegranate was originally described throughout the Mediterranean Basin, Mediterranean re ...
peels. Prodelphinidin B-2 3'-O-gallate
Prodelphinidin is a name for the polymeric tannins composed of gallocatechin. It yields delphinidin during depolymerisation under oxidative conditions.
Natural occurrences
Prodelphinidins are one of the two sorts of tannins in grape (the other ...
can be found in green tea
Green tea is a type of tea that is made from '' Camellia sinensis'' leaves and buds that have not undergone the same withering and oxidation process which is used to make oolong teas and black teas. Green tea originated in China, and since the ...
leaves and prodelphinidin B-2 3,3'-di-O-gallate
Prodelphinidin is a name for the polymeric tannins composed of gallocatechin. It yields delphinidin during depolymerisation under oxidative conditions.
Natural occurrences
Prodelphinidins are one of the two sorts of tannins in grape (the other ...
can be found in ''Myrica rubra
''Myrica rubra'', also called yangmei (; Cantonese: yeung4 mui4; Shanghainese: ), , Chinese bayberry, red bayberry, yumberry, waxberry, or Chinese strawberry (and often mistranslated from Chinese as arbutus) is a subtropical tree grown for its f ...
''.
Particular oligomeric prodelphinidins
Prodelphinidin B3
Prodelphinidin B3 is a prodelphinidin dimer found in food products such as barley and beer, in fruits and pod vegetables. It can also be found in pomegranate
The pomegranate (''Punica granatum'') is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub in the fami ...
(gallocatechin-(4α→8)-catechin) and prodelphinidin B9
Prodelphinidin B9 is a prodelphinidin dimer (chemistry), dimer found in beer.
References
Condensed tannin dimers
{{aromatic-stub ...
(epigallocatechin-(4α→8)-catechin) can be isolated in beer
Beer is one of the oldest and the most widely consumed type of alcoholic drink in the world, and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea. It is produced by the brewing and fermentation of starches, mainly derived from ce ...
. Prodelphinidin C2
Prodelphinidin C2 is a prodelphinidin trimer found in malt
Malt is germinated cereal grain that has been dried in a process known as " malting". The grain is made to germinate by soaking in water and is then halted from germinating further ...
(gallocatechin-(4α→8)-gallocatechin-(4α→8)-catechin) can be isolated in malt
Malt is germinated cereal grain that has been dried in a process known as " malting". The grain is made to germinate by soaking in water and is then halted from germinating further by drying with hot air.
Malted grain is used to make beer, wh ...
.
The A-type proanthocyanidin epigallocatechin-(2β→7,4β→8)-epicatechin can be found in the leaves of ''Dioclea lasiophylla Dioclea or Diocleia, and also Dioklea or Diokleia may refer to :
* Diocleia (festival), an annual festival in ancient Megara in honor of the hero Diocles, famous for the kissing contest between men
* Dioclea (state), a medieval state of Duklja, i ...
'',
See also
*Crofelemer
Crofelemer (USAN, trade name Mytesi) is an antidiarrheal indicated for the symptomatic relief of non-infectious diarrhea in adult patients with HIV/AIDS on antiretroviral therapy. Other possible uses include diarrhea in children, acute infectious ...
, a complex mixture of procyanidins and prodelphinidins from the latex of the South American tree ''Croton lechleri
''Croton lechleri'' is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, that is native to northwestern South America. It is commonly known as ''sangre de grado'' (Peruvian Spanish), ''sangre de drago'' (Ecuadorian Spanish) or '' ...
'' (locally called Sangre de Grado or Sangre de Drago)
References
{{Condensed tannin Condensed tannins Grape