A process is a series or set of
activities that interact to produce a result; it may occur once-only or be recurrent or periodic.
Things called a process include:
Business and management
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Business process
A business process, business method or business function is a collection of related, structured activities or tasks by people or equipment in which a specific sequence produces a service or product (serves a particular business goal) for a parti ...
, activities that produce a specific service or product for customers
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Business process modeling
Business process modeling (BPM) in business process management and systems engineering is the activity of representing processes of an enterprise, so that the current business processes may be analyzed, improved, and automated. BPM is typicall ...
, activity of representing processes of an enterprise in order to deliver improvements
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Manufacturing process management
Manufacturing process management (MPM) is a collection of technologies and methods used to define how products are to be manufactured. MPM differs from ERP/MRP which is used to plan the ordering of materials and other resources, set manufacturing ...
, a collection of technologies and methods used to define how products are to be manufactured.
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Process architecture
Process architecture is the structural design of general process systems. It applies to fields such as computers (software, hardware, networks, etc.), business processes ( enterprise architecture, policy and procedures, logistics, project manageme ...
, structural design of processes, applies to fields such as computers, business processes, logistics, project management
*Process costing, a cost allocation procedure of
managerial accounting
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Process management, ensemble of activities of planning and monitoring the performance of a business process or manufacturing processes
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Process management (project management), a systematic series of activities directed towards causing an end result in engineering activities or project management
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Process-based management, is a management approach that views a business as a collection of processes
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Process industry
Industrial processes are procedures involving chemistry, chemical, physics, physical, electronics, electrical or mechanization, mechanical steps to aid in the manufacturing of an item or items, usually carried out on a very large scale. Industri ...
, a category of material-related industry
Law
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Due process
Due process of law is application by state of all legal rules and principles pertaining to the case so all legal rights that are owed to the person are respected. Due process balances the power of law of the land and protects the individual pe ...
, the concept that governments must respect the rule of law
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Legal process
Legal process (sometimes simply process) is any formal notice or writ by a court obtaining jurisdiction over a person or property. Common forms of process include a summons, subpoena, mandate
Mandate most often refers to:
* League of Nati ...
, the proceedings and records of a legal case
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Service of process
Service of process is the procedure by which a party to a lawsuit gives an appropriate notice of initial legal action to another party (such as a defendant), court, or administrative body in an effort to exercise jurisdiction over that person ...
, the procedure of giving official notice of a legal proceeding
Science and technology
*The general concept of the scientific process, see
scientific method
The scientific method is an Empirical evidence, empirical method for acquiring knowledge that has characterized the development of science since at least the 17th century (with notable practitioners in previous centuries; see the article hist ...
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Process theory, the scientific study of processes
* Consists of the purposeful sequencing of tasks that combine resources to produce a desired output
Biology and psychology
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Process (anatomy)
In anatomy, a process ( la, processus) is a projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body. For instance, in a vertebra, a process may serve for muscle attachment and leverage (as in the case of the transverse and spinous processes), or ...
, a projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body
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Biological process
Biological processes are those processes that are vital for an organism to live, and that shape its capacities for interacting with its environment. Biological processes are made of many chemical reactions or other events that are involved in the ...
, a process of a living organism
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Cognitive process
Cognition refers to "the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses". It encompasses all aspects of intellectual functions and processes such as: perception, attention, thought, ...
, such as attention, memory, language use, reasoning, and problem solving
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Mental process
Cognition refers to "the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses". It encompasses all aspects of intellectual functions and processes such as: perception, attention, thought, ...
, a function or processes of the mind
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Neuronal process
A neurite or neuronal process refers to any projection from the cell body of a neuron. This projection can be either an axon or a dendrite. The term is frequently used when speaking of immature or developing neurons, especially of cells in culture ...
, also ''neurite'', a projection from the cell body of a neuron
Chemistry
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Chemical process
In a scientific sense, a chemical process is a method or means of somehow changing one or more chemicals or chemical compounds. Such a chemical process can occur by itself or be caused by an outside force, and involves a chemical reaction of some ...
, a method or means of changing one or more chemicals or chemical compounds
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Unit process, a step in manufacturing in which chemical reaction takes place
Computing
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Process (computing)
In computing, a process is the instance of a computer program that is being executed by one or many threads. There are many different process models, some of which are light weight, but almost all processes (even entire virtual machines) are roo ...
, a computer program, or running a program concurrently with other programs
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Child process
A child process in computing is a process created by another process (the parent process). This technique pertains to multitasking operating systems, and is sometimes called a subprocess or traditionally a subtask.
There are two major procedure ...
, created by another process
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Parent process
In computing, a parent process is a process that has created one or more child processes.
Unix-like systems
In Unix-like operating systems, every process except (the swapper) is created when another process executes the fork() system call. Th ...
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Process management (computing) A process is a program in execution, and an integral part of any modern-day operating system (OS). The OS must allocate resources to processes, enable processes to share and exchange information, protect the resources of each process from other proc ...
, an integral part of any modern-day operating system (OS)
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Processing (programming language)
Processing is a free graphical library and integrated development environment (IDE) built for the electronic arts, new media art, and visual design communities with the purpose of teaching non-programmers the fundamentals of computer programmin ...
, an open-source language and integrated development environment
Mathematics
*In
probability theory
Probability theory is the branch of mathematics concerned with probability. Although there are several different probability interpretations, probability theory treats the concept in a rigorous mathematical manner by expressing it through a set o ...
:
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Branching process
In probability theory, a branching process is a type of mathematical object known as a stochastic process, which consists of collections of random variables. The random variables of a stochastic process are indexed by the natural numbers. The ori ...
, a Markov process that models a population
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Diffusion process
In probability theory and statistics, diffusion processes are a class of continuous-time Markov process with almost surely continuous sample paths. Brownian motion, reflected Brownian motion and Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes are examples of dif ...
, a solution to a stochastic differential equation
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Empirical process
In probability theory, an empirical process is a stochastic process that describes the proportion of objects in a system in a given state.
For a process in a discrete state space a population continuous time Markov chain or Markov population model ...
, a stochastic process that describes the proportion of objects in a system in a given state
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Lévy process
In probability theory, a Lévy process, named after the French mathematician Paul Lévy, is a stochastic process with independent, stationary increments: it represents the motion of a point whose successive displacements are random, in which dis ...
, a stochastic process with independent, stationary increments
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Poisson process
In probability, statistics and related fields, a Poisson point process is a type of random mathematical object that consists of points randomly located on a mathematical space with the essential feature that the points occur independently of one ...
, a point process consisting of randomly located points on some underlying space
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Predictable process, a stochastic process whose value is knowable
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Stochastic process, a random process, as opposed to a deterministic process
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Wiener process
In mathematics, the Wiener process is a real-valued continuous-time stochastic process named in honor of American mathematician Norbert Wiener for his investigations on the mathematical properties of the one-dimensional Brownian motion. It i ...
, a continuous-time stochastic process
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Process calculus
In computer science, the process calculi (or process algebras) are a diverse family of related approaches for formally modelling concurrent systems. Process calculi provide a tool for the high-level description of interactions, communications, and ...
, a diverse family of related approaches for formally modeling concurrent systems
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Process function
In thermodynamics, a quantity that is well defined so as to describe the path of a process through the equilibrium state space of a thermodynamic system is termed a process function, or, alternatively, a process quantity, or a path function. As ...
, a mathematical concept used in thermodynamics
Thermodynamics
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Process function
In thermodynamics, a quantity that is well defined so as to describe the path of a process through the equilibrium state space of a thermodynamic system is termed a process function, or, alternatively, a process quantity, or a path function. As ...
, a mathematical concept used in thermodynamics
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Thermodynamic process
Classical thermodynamics considers three main kinds of thermodynamic process: (1) changes in a system, (2) cycles in a system, and (3) flow processes.
(1)A Thermodynamic process is a process in which the thermodynamic state of a system is change ...
, the energetic evolution of a thermodynamic system
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Adiabatic process
In thermodynamics, an adiabatic process (Greek: ''adiábatos'', "impassable") is a type of thermodynamic process that occurs without transferring heat or mass between the thermodynamic system and its environment. Unlike an isothermal process, a ...
, which proceeds without transfer of heat or matter between a system and its surroundings
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Isenthalpic process, in which enthalpy stays constant
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Isobaric process
In thermodynamics, an isobaric process is a type of thermodynamic process in which the pressure of the system stays constant: Δ''P'' = 0. The heat transferred to the system does work, but also changes the internal energy (''U'') o ...
, in which the pressure stays constant
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Isochoric process
In thermodynamics, an isochoric process, also called a constant-volume process, an isovolumetric process, or an isometric process, is a thermodynamic process during which the volume of the closed system undergoing such a process remains constan ...
, in which volume stays constant
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Isothermal process
In thermodynamics, an isothermal process is a type of thermodynamic process in which the temperature ''T'' of a system remains constant: Δ''T'' = 0. This typically occurs when a system is in contact with an outside thermal reservoir, and ...
, in which temperature stays constant
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