Priyamvada Gopal
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Priyamvada Gopal (born 1968) is an Indian-born academic, writer and public intellectual who is Professor of Postcolonial Studies in the Faculty of English at the
University of Cambridge , mottoeng = Literal: From here, light and sacred draughts. Non literal: From this place, we gain enlightenment and precious knowledge. , established = , other_name = The Chancellor, Masters and Schola ...
. Her primary teaching and research interests are in colonial and postcolonial studies, South Asian literature, critical race studies, and the politics and cultures of empire and globalisation. She has written three books engaging these subjects: ''Literary Radicalism in India'' (2005), ''The Indian English Novel'' (2009) and ''Insurgent Empire'' (2019)''.'' Her work on Indian writing in English and expertise in colonial and postcolonial literature are recognised at universities worldwide. Her third book, ''Insurgent Empire'', was shortlisted for the 2020
Nayef Al-Rodhan Prize for Global Cultural Understanding The British Academy Book Prize for Global Cultural Understanding is a prize granted by the British Academy for "outstanding scholarly contributions to global cultural understanding". The prize is £25,000. It was created in 2013 as the Nayef Al-Ro ...
. She is also active on social media. Her remarks about race and empire have gained media attention and condemnation.Race review chief Tony Sewell compared to Joseph Goebbels in social media abuse
The Times ''The Times'' is a British daily national newspaper based in London. It began in 1785 under the title ''The Daily Universal Register'', adopting its current name on 1 January 1788. ''The Times'' and its sister paper ''The Sunday Times'' (fou ...
2-Apr-2021
In 2021, she was named one of the world's top 50 thinkers by '' Prospect'' magazine.


Biography


Early life

Gopal was born in
Delhi, India Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, primarily its western or right bank, Delhi shares borders w ...
. The daughter of an Indian diplomat, she spent her childhood in
India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
,
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...
and
Bhutan Bhutan (; dz, འབྲུག་ཡུལ་, Druk Yul ), officially the Kingdom of Bhutan,), is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is situated in the Eastern Himalayas, between China in the north and India in the south. A mountainous ...
, and attended an international high school in
Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...
, where her father served as a diplomat in the mid-1980s. She is from a Brahmin family but is a vocal critic of the
caste system Caste is a form of social stratification characterised by endogamy, hereditary transmission of a style of life which often includes an occupation, ritual status in a hierarchy, and customary social interaction and exclusion based on cultura ...
.


Education and career

Gopal received a BA in English from the
University of Delhi Delhi University (DU), formally the University of Delhi, is a collegiate central university located in New Delhi, India. It was founded in 1922 by an Act of the Central Legislative Assembly and is recognized as an Institute of Eminence (IoE) ...
in 1989 and an MA in Linguistics from Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) in 1991. After finishing her studies in India, she moved to the United States to pursue graduate studies in English. She received an MA in English from
Purdue University Purdue University is a public land-grant research university in West Lafayette, Indiana, and the flagship campus of the Purdue University system. The university was founded in 1869 after Lafayette businessman John Purdue donated land and money ...
in 1993 and
Cornell University Cornell University is a private statutory land-grant research university based in Ithaca, New York. It is a member of the Ivy League. Founded in 1865 by Ezra Cornell and Andrew Dickson White, Cornell was founded with the intention to teach an ...
in 1996. She eventually gravitated toward postcolonial studies, completing a PhD in colonial and postcolonial literature at Cornell University in 2000. She began her teaching career as a Graduate Instructor in the Department of English at Cornell University in 1995. She joined
Connecticut College Connecticut College (Conn College or Conn) is a private liberal arts college in New London, Connecticut. It is a residential, four-year undergraduate institution with nearly all of its approximately 1,815 students living on campus. The college w ...
in 1999 as an Assistant Professor of English and remained there until 2000. She moved to the
University of Cambridge , mottoeng = Literal: From here, light and sacred draughts. Non literal: From this place, we gain enlightenment and precious knowledge. , established = , other_name = The Chancellor, Masters and Schola ...
in 2001, where she is
Professor Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an Academy, academic rank at university, universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries. Literally, ''professor'' derives from Latin as a "person who pr ...
of Postcolonial Studies in the Faculty of English and a Teaching Fellow at
Churchill College Churchill College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England. It has a primary focus on science, engineering and technology, but still retains a strong interest in the arts and humanities. In 1958, a trust was establish ...
. She supervises and teaches in the areas of literary criticism, modern tragedy, 19th-century and modern British literature, and postcolonial and related literatures. Her primary interests are in colonial and postcolonial literatures, with related interests in British and American literatures, the novel, translation,
gender Gender is the range of characteristics pertaining to femininity and masculinity and differentiating between them. Depending on the context, this may include sex-based social structures (i.e. gender roles) and gender identity. Most cultures u ...
and
feminism Feminism is a range of socio-political movements and ideologies that aim to define and establish the political, economic, personal, and social equality of the sexes. Feminism incorporates the position that society prioritizes the male po ...
,
Marxism Marxism is a Left-wing politics, left-wing to Far-left politics, far-left method of socioeconomic analysis that uses a Materialism, materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to understand S ...
and critical theory, and the politics and cultures of
empire An empire is a "political unit" made up of several territories and peoples, "usually created by conquest, and divided between a dominant center and subordinate peripheries". The center of the empire (sometimes referred to as the metropole) ex ...
and
globalisation Globalization, or globalisation (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences), is the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide. The term ''globalization'' first appeared in the early 20t ...
. From 2006 to 2010, she was Dean of Churchill College.


Work

As a literary critic, Gopal explores a range of issues and ideas, with a focus on race, empire, and decolonisation.


Empire

Gopal has written extensively about the impact of empire on contemporary culture in Britain and examined its broader social and cultural effects in South Asia and other former colonial societies. In her book ''Insurgent Empire'', Gopal examines traditions of dissent on the question of empire and shows how rebellions and resistance in the colonies influenced British critics of empire in a process she calls "reverse tutelage". She argues that ideas of freedom, justice, and common humanity had themselves taken shape in the struggle against imperialism. Gopal has also written about the historical amnesia surrounding empire and called for a more honest account of how Britain came to be what it is today. She argues that developing a demanding relationship to history is essential to understanding the formative and shaping nature of the imperial project on British life.


BBC Radio 4: ''Start the Week''

In 2006, Gopal took part in a debate on
BBC Radio 4 BBC Radio 4 is a British national radio station owned and operated by the BBC that replaced the BBC Home Service in 1967. It broadcasts a wide variety of spoken-word programmes, including news, drama, comedy, science and history from the BBC' ...
's ''
Start the Week ''Start the Week'' is a discussion programme broadcast on BBC Radio 4 which began in April 1970. The current presenter is the former BBC political editor and the BBC's former political Sunday morning presenter Andrew Marr. The previous regular p ...
''. In the segment, historian
Niall Ferguson Niall Campbell Ferguson FRSE (; born 18 April 1964)Biography
Niall Ferguson
argued that the
British Empire The British Empire was composed of the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts esta ...
was, by and large, a benevolent and virtuous enterprise. Gopal challenged Ferguson's account, questioning his assertions about the greatness of empire. The programme became a matter of controversy. That evening, the
BBC #REDIRECT BBC #REDIRECT BBC Here i going to introduce about the best teacher of my life b BALAJI sir. He is the precious gift that I got befor 2yrs . How has helped and thought all the concept and made my success in the 10th board exam. ...
...
invited another Indian woman onto their programme, who said that not all young Indians agreed with Gopal. Gopal later accused the BBC of pushing an agenda and playing off "natives" against each other. Gopal said that it was this experience that galvanized her to write and think more publicly about empire.


Churchill, empire and race

In October 2020, Churchill College set up a working group to critically examine Winston Churchill's views and actions relating to empire and race. The working group held two events: "Churchill, Empire and Race: Opening the Conversation" and "The Racial Consequences of Mr Churchill". Gopal was a member of the Working Group and a speaker in both panel discussions. In June 2021, college
Master Master or masters may refer to: Ranks or titles * Ascended master, a term used in the Theosophical religious tradition to refer to spiritually enlightened beings who in past incarnations were ordinary humans *Grandmaster (chess), National Master ...
Athene Donald Dame Athene Margaret Donald (née Griffith; born 15 May 1953) is a British physicist. She is Professor of Experimental Physics at the University of Cambridge, and Master of Churchill College, Cambridge. Outside the University, she chaired the ...
ended the Working Group's role after a dispute between the College Council and the working party. In her statement, Donald stated that Gopal was frustrated over the Council's rejection of the Working Group's proposals for the third event. She said that Gopal consequently wrote that the group might as well dissolve themselves. Donald said that rightly or wrongly, she took that statement at face value and abruptly ended the role of the group. Gopal rejected the rationale given for the group's dissolution and said that the college had instead disbanded the group. She said that the disbanding was a way for the college to preempt the resignation of several members of the working group over the college pandering to the tabloid press and other groups. In her Twitter feed, Gopal called attention to the role of the ''
Daily Mail The ''Daily Mail'' is a British daily middle-market tabloid newspaper and news websitePeter Wilb"Paul Dacre of the Daily Mail: The man who hates liberal Britain", ''New Statesman'', 19 December 2013 (online version: 2 January 2014) publish ...
'',
Policy Exchange Policy Exchange is a British conservatism in the United Kingdom, conservative think tank based in London. In 2007 it was described in ''The Daily Telegraph'' as "the largest, but also the most influential think tank on the right". ''The Washing ...
and the Churchill family in pressuring the college to discontinue the event, accusing university leaders of "taking fright" after the backlash. Gopal tweeted: "Let me repeat: under pressure from groups like Policy Exchange and some members of the Churchill family, Churchill College has dissolved a group created to critically engage with Churchill's complicated legacies. Let that sink in." In July 2021, the Working Group released a statement denying that they had disbanded themselves and accused the college of not following due process in ending its role. The group also accused the College Council of undermining academic freedom and bringing the college into disrepute.


Decolonisation

For Gopal, decolonisation is about a process of thinking about our intellectual, personal and political formation in a historical frame. In her essay "On Decolonisation and the University", she writes that decolonisation "commits to recognising the centrality of colonialism in shaping the globe as we experience it today; to assessing its consequences for communities and cultures; to interrogating and dismantling harmful mythologies and falsehoods on which the colonial project relied as well as those that underpin its afterlife today; and to repairing the great gaps in our knowledge and understanding that have emerged consequently." In relation to cultural and intellectual work, she argues that decolonisation poses different kinds of questions in different contexts about our relationship to colonialism. She argues that
decolonisation Decolonization or decolonisation is the undoing of colonialism, the latter being the process whereby imperial nations establish and dominate foreign territories, often overseas. Some scholars of decolonization focus especially on separatism, in ...
in the European context involves Europe 'reckoning with its colonial self-constitution and thinking about the legacies and afterlives of colonialism both "within" and "without" its complicated and shifting borders.' She draws on Ngũgĩ and Fanon to argue that Europe's material, cultural and intellectual riches also cannot be separated from its encounters with the
Global South The concept of Global North and Global South (or North–South divide in a global context) is used to describe a grouping of countries along socio-economic and political characteristics. The Global South is a term often used to identify region ...
. Gopal contends that decolonisation must begin with an unflinchingly truthful engagement with empire and
colonialism Colonialism is a practice or policy of control by one people or power over other people or areas, often by establishing colonies and generally with the aim of economic dominance. In the process of colonisation, colonisers may impose their relig ...
, and a sustained study of how Europe's forays into the world made '
Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...
'. She has also been a long-standing advocate for the 'decolonisation' of Cambridge's English curriculum. In June 2017, a group of Cambridge students had called for the university to include more black and ethnic minority writers in its English literature curriculum, an initiative strongly supported by Gopal. She argues that decolonisation in the curriculum context is about having access to information and narratives, which reframe our understanding of the multiple lineages and sources of knowledge.


Race

Gopal has written and commented extensively on the subject of race and how it operates in contemporary society. She argues that whiteness is primarily a cultural category, not a biological one, and is useful for explaining how western societies work in terms of how society is structured, and how such structures determine power relations between dominant and non-dominant groups. In the context of racial discrimination in the United Kingdom, Gopal has discussed
white fragility White defensiveness is a term to describe defensive responses by white people to discussions of societal discrimination, structural racism, and white privilege. The term has been applied to characterize the responses of white people to portrayal ...
, suggesting that a "way of deflecting engagement with race is to personalise matters". In October 2019, Gopal criticised the
Equality and Human Rights Commission The Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC) is a non-departmental public body in Great Britain, established by the Equality Act 2006 with effect from 1 October 2007. The Commission has responsibility for the promotion and enforcement of eq ...
report "Tackling racial harassment: Universities challenged" for its language and not addressing the systemic disadvantages faced by black and minority ethnic students or the ways whiteness dominates power structures and pedagogy.


King's College racial profiling dispute

In June 2018, Gopal alleged racial profiling by college porters at the gate of
King's College, Cambridge King's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. Formally The King's College of Our Lady and Saint Nicholas in Cambridge, the college lies beside the River Cam and faces out onto King's Parade in the centre of the city ...
. Gopal said that she was subjected to racial profiling and aggression by the porters and gatekeepers of King's and that porters frequently hassled non-white staff and students at the gates. Gopal told a journalist from ''
The Sunday Times ''The Sunday Times'' is a British newspaper whose circulation makes it the largest in Britain's quality press market category. It was founded in 1821 as ''The New Observer''. It is published by Times Newspapers Ltd, a subsidiary of News UK, whi ...
'' it "was behaviour I very much doubt a white man of middle age who identified himself as a lecturer" would have faced. Gopal announced that she would no longer teach at King's until there was a resolution to the long-standing problem. As a result of the attention the issue received, Cambridge University students came forward describing similar experiences. Students of English at King's also issued an open letter in support of Gopal, urging the college to offer her a "proper apology": "The many testimonies from black and minority ethnic students that have come in the wake of Dr Gopal's statement make apparent that her treatment is not unique or isolated. We strongly condemn the actions of the college and fully support Dr Gopal in her decision to boycott it." Gopal said that she received hate mail following her announcement. In October 2018, King's issued a statement accepting that there had been several reports of discrimination and racial profiling. Gopal said senior college members also conveyed their private apologies and assured her that the college was taking the problem seriously. Shortly afterwards, Gopal rescinded her decision to withdraw her labour from the college.


"White lives don't matter. As white lives" tweet

On 23 June 2020, Gopal
tweeted Twitter is an online social media and social networking service owned and operated by American company Twitter, Inc., on which users post and interact with 280-character-long messages known as "tweets". Registered users can post, like, and ...
"White lives don't matter. As white lives" and "Abolish whiteness", in response to a banner flown over a
Premier League The Premier League (legal name: The Football Association Premier League Limited) is the highest level of the men's English football league system. Contested by 20 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the English Foo ...
football stadium that read "White lives matter Burnley". She received abusive messages, including death threats, following her tweet. Gopal told the media that her comments were opposing the concept of whiteness – the presumption of white superiority – and challenging the racial basis for lives mattering, adding that it wasn't whiteness that gave lives their dignity, nor should it be the criteria for lives mattering. Gopal stood by her tweets asserting that her comments were "very clearly speaking to a structure and ideology, not about people". The following day, the University of Cambridge tweeted a blanket defence of its academics' right to free speech, without explicitly referencing her case. A statement released by the university read: "The University defends the right of its academics to express their own lawful opinions which others might find controversial and deplores in the strongest terms abuse and personal attacks. These attacks are totally unacceptable and must cease". In November 2020, the ''Daily Mail'' paid £25,000 in damages to Gopal after the paper falsely alleged that she was attempting to incite a race war and that she supports and endorses the subjugation and persecution of white people. The allegations, made by Amanda Platell in a column following the "White lives" tweet, were based on an inflammatory quote from a fake Twitter account, which Platell's column falsely attributed to Gopal. The column had also partially quoted Gopal's "White lives" tweet as saying 'White lives don't matter.', but chose to omit the remainder of the quote, which went on to state "As White Lives", distorting its context and meaning. In addition to paying damages, the newspaper also published full apologies in the ''Daily Mail'' and agreed to pay Gopal's legal costs.


Criticism of Tony Sewell, chair of the Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities

In March 2021, the
Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities The Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities (CRED) was a UK Government commission supported by the Race Disparity Unit of the Cabinet Office. It was established in 2020 in the wake of Black Lives Matter George Floyd protests in the United Kingd ...
, chaired by educational consultant Tony Sewell, released its report on race and ethnic disparities in the UK. Gopal claimed the report cherry-picked data and minimised and denied structural and institutional racism, asserting that it read like a propaganda document rather than a piece of research. She also questioned whether Sewell had a doctorate. When she learned he did, Gopal tweeted: "Okay, established. It is, in fact, Dr Sewell. Fair enough. Even Dr Goebbels had a research PhD. (
University of Heidelberg } Heidelberg University, officially the Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, (german: Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; la, Universitas Ruperto Carola Heidelbergensis) is a public research university in Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, ...
, 1921)". The comparison to Goebbels, a prominent Nazi, attracted criticism from commentators writing for ''The Times'' and ''
The Daily Telegraph ''The Daily Telegraph'', known online and elsewhere as ''The Telegraph'', is a national British daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed across the United Kingdom and internationally. It was fo ...
''. Gopal claimed that her remark was a reference to Goebbels, not a comparison.


Anti-Semitism dispute

In January 2022, historian
David Abulafia David Abulafia (born 12 December 1949) is an English historian with a particular interest in Italy, Spain and the rest of the Mediterranean during the Middle Ages and Renaissance. He spent most of his career at the University of Cambridge, ris ...
wrote an article in the ''The Daily Telegraph'' criticising the acquittal of the
protesters A protest (also called a demonstration, remonstration or remonstrance) is a public expression of objection, disapproval or dissent towards an idea or action, typically a political one. Protests can be thought of as acts of coopera ...
who toppled the statue of slave trader
Edward Colston Edward Colston (2 November 1636 – 11 October 1721) was an English merchant, slave trader, philanthropist, and Tory Member of Parliament. Colston followed his father in the family business becoming a sea merchant, initially trading in wine ...
in Bristol in 2020. In the article, Abulafia described historian
David Olusoga David Adetayo Olusoga (born January 1970) is a British historian, writer, broadcaster, presenter and film-maker. He is Professor of Public History at the University of Manchester. He has presented historical documentaries on the BBC and contrib ...
, a witness for the defence of the protesters, as 'eloquent'. Gopal criticised the article on social media. She also tweeted that Abulafia's description of Olusoga as 'eloquent' could sound dismissive, particularly when pertaining to writers of colour.Jacob Freedland and Fergal Jeffreys,
Caius historian slams "insulting" Gopal racism claim
, ''Varsity'' (10 January 2022).
According to Gopal, the word appeared "to be damning with faint praise, to suggest that (Olusoga) is all style and drama, no substance." Abulafia told '' Varsity'' that he thought it was "insulting or possibly libellous" to infer that his remark had a racist overtone. ''Varsity'' reported his criticisms of it verbatim, suggesting Gopal had used the word "racism" to describe Abulafia's comments. Gopal said that the news editor of ''Varsity'' concocted the story about her supposed charge of 'racism' against Abulafia, claiming she had become a target because she had criticised the IHRA definition of anti-Semitism. She claimed that the news editor was among those who lobbied to adopt the definition in full. She also said that the student journalist behind the story had "quite powerful familial connections to the liberal media", and that the criticism of her in the student newspaper ''Varsity'' was not "quite the little campus story ... that it is supposed to be". The Cambridge University Jewish Society and Abulafia, noting that Abulafia and the student were Jewish, condemned Gopal's remarks as evoking anti-Semitic conspiracy theories. Gopal released a statement saying that ''Varsity'' had "published misleading and false claims" about her words that had subjected her to "a concerted racist and misogynist attack across the British right-wing press." The Cambridge Branch of the University and College Union also issued a statement supporting Gopal and condemning journalists in "the right-wing press" and ''Varsity'' for misrepresenting her views.


Bibliography


Books

* ''Literary Radicalism in India: Gender, Nation and the Transition to Independence'' (Routledge, 2005) * ''The Indian English Novel: Nation, History and Narration'' (Oxford University Press, 2009) * ''Insurgent Empire: Anticolonial Resistance and British Dissent'' (Verso, 2019)


Articles

* vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 73-102 (1997) * vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 61-88 (2001) * pp. 150-166 (2002) * pp. 139-161 (2004) * issue 59, pp. 81-98 (2006) * vol. 112, no. 1, pp. 115-128 (2013) * vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 98-118 (2013) * vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 18-30 (2016) * pp. 21–36 (2016) * vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 873-899 (2021)


References


External links


University of Cambridge Staff Profile

Churchill College, Cambridge Staff Profile
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gopal, Priyamvada 1968 births Living people Delhi University alumni Jawaharlal Nehru University alumni Cornell University alumni Academics of the University of Cambridge Fellows of Churchill College, Cambridge People from Delhi Indian emigrants to the United Kingdom Postcolonial theorists