The Princess Mary's Royal Air Force Hospital Halton, was the first Royal Air Force hospital to be built that was dedicated to air force personnel. Located on what was then the largest of the RAF camps at

RAF Halton Royal Air Force Halton, or more simply RAF Halton, is one of the largest Royal Air Force stations in the United Kingdom. It is located near the village of Halton near Wendover, Buckinghamshire. The site has been in use since the First World W ...

Buckinghamshire Buckinghamshire (), abbreviated Bucks, is a ceremonial county in South East England that borders Greater London to the south-east, Berkshire to the south, Oxfordshire to the west, Northamptonshire to the north, Bedfordshire to the north-ea ...

, England, the hospital treated over 20,000 patients during the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

and was the first place in the world to use penicillin on a large-scale. The hospital continued in use throughout the Cold War, only closing in 1996 due to defence cuts.

History

The first hospital at the camp was formed in 1919 as ''RAF General Hospital, Halton'', on the south side of RAF Halton Camp. This consisted of some wooden huts on the southwest side of the base, overlooking the main part of camp. This early incarnation included a medical school, and an isolation hospital which had three huts. The post-

First World War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

air force was consolidated in 1920, (180 flying squadrons had been reduced to 25 on active service) and medical provision for the RAF would be undertaken at existing army hospitals apart from a few key RAF locations, such as at Halton which had the apprenticeships school. In 1925, the pathology unit was moved from the RAF Hospital at

Finchley Finchley () is a large district of north London, England, in the London Borough of Barnet. Finchley is on high ground, north of Charing Cross. Nearby districts include: Golders Green, Muswell Hill, Friern Barnet, Whetstone, Mill Hill and H ...

to Halton, with the rest of the hospital at Finchley moving to Uxbridge. However, by the mid-1920s, a larger more modern hospital was needed, and a design was approved in 1923, but it did not reach completion for over four years. The new hospital was opened by Princess Mary on 31 October 1927, and in 1929, treated nearly 2,700 patients. In 1938, one year before the hostilities of the Second World War, the hospital treated over 7,500 patients. At the start of the Second World War, Halton was used as an initial assessment point for aeromedical evacuations from the continent (Europe). These flights started a mere 25 days into the declaration of war. Throughout the Second World War, Halton hospital treated over 20,000 patients and also became the first hospital in the world to use penicillin on a large-scale. One staff member on the ophthalmic ward had the unusual task of collecting empty face-cream jars and sending them to Professor Florey at Oxford, who would return the jars with, what was at that time, precious penicillin. Another one of its functions was testing water and sewerage samples from the many bases around the UK, which were tested at the department for Pathology and Tropical Medicine. Of the 150 samples tested in 1944, 11 were found to be unsatisfactory. Aircrew who had suffered burns were treated at the hospital during the Second World War, and in January 1953, the Air Ministry approved a new unit for plastic surgery which would consist of 60 beds, though like other functions at the hospital, this was also available for the general public. The admissions and treatment records for 1945 showed that the hospital at Halton admitted 11,311 patients, and all but eight of these were Royal Air Force personnel. RAF Hospital Halton was widely known within the medical community post-war for its renal unit. In the 1970s, the hospital possessed the only mobile dialysis unit in Europe (the other one being in the United States). The hospital closed on 31 March 1996. The remains of the hospital were demolished in 2008, and a housing estate has been erected on the site, which covered some . A brick memorial now stands at the point where the entrance to the hospital.

Specialisations

Besides functioning as the hospital for RAF Halton, the hospital had the following specialisations: *Anaesthesiology *Aviation medicine *Burns and plastic surgery *Dermatology *ENT *General surgery *Gynaecology and obstetrics *Maxillo-facial surgery *Medicine *Nephrology *Neurology *Oncology *Ophthalmology *Oral surgery *Orthopaedic surgery *Paediatrics *Pathology and tropical medicine *Psychiatry *Radiology *Urology

Badge

A badge for the unit was awarded by the Queen in January 1960. It featured a lamp against a red cross. The motto of the unit was ''Vigilance''.

Notable personnel

Emily Blair Dame Emily Mathieson Blair, (12 January 1890 – 25 December 1963) was a British military nurse and nursing administrator who served as Matron-in-Chief of the Princess Mary's Royal Air Force Nursing Service (1938–43), Joint War Committee (19 ...

, Matron-in-chief (1938 – 1943) *

Helen Cargill Air Commandant Dame Helen Wilson Cargill, (1 October 1896 – 4 December 1969) was a British nurse and Royal Air force officer. From 1948 to 1952, she was Matron-in-Chief of Princess Mary's Royal Air Force Nursing Service. Early life and educa ...

, served at the hospital in the 1920s * John Cooke, medical division officer in 1972 *

Joanna Cruickshank Dame Joanna Margaret Cruickshank, (28 November 1875 – 16 August 1958) was a British military nurse and nursing administrator. She founded Princess Mary's Royal Air Force Nursing Service in November 1918 and served as its first Matron-in-Chief ...

, matron-in-chief (1921 – 1930) * Douglas Bader, had new legs (tin pins) fitted at the hospital, and danced with one of the PMRAFNS nurses to celebrate *

Immanuel J. Klette Lt Col. Immanuel J. Klette (15 February 1918-12 February 1988) was a bomber pilot and squadron commander in the U.S. Army Air Forces during World War II. Colonel Klette flew 91 combat missions in all, the most of any bomber pilot in the U.S. Eight ...

, patient at the hospital after a crash in September 1943 *

Geoffrey Page Alan Geoffrey Page, (16 May 1920 – 3 August 2000), known as Geoffrey Page, was an officer in the Royal Air Force who served during the Second World War. He participated in the Battle of Britain, and was shot down. He was badly burned when his ...

, was treated at the hospital before being moved to the plastic surgery hospital at East Grinstead *

Charles Soutar Air Marshal Sir Charles John Williamson Soutar, (12 June 1920 – 15 July 2016) was a British medical doctor and Royal Air Force officer. He served as Director General of RAF Medical Services from 1978 to 1981. Charles John Williamson Soutar ...

, was in command of the hospital in the early 1970s * Gladys Taylor, matron-in-chief (1943 – 1948) * Katherine Watt, matron-in-chief (1930 – 1938) *

Harold Whittingham Air Marshal Sir Harold Edward Whittingham (3 October 1887 – 16 July 1983) was a British physician notable for a distinguished medical career in the Royal Air Force and contributions to Aviation medicine. After graduating from the University o ...

, worked as director of the Central Laboratory in the late 1920s * Frank Whittle, admitted as a patient in May 1944 with a skin complaint

References

Sources

* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Halton Hospital Hospital buildings completed in 1927 Royal Air Force stations in Buckinghamshire Military units and formations established in 1919 1919 establishments in England Military units and formations disestablished in 1996 Defunct hospitals in England Hospitals in Buckinghamshire Military hospitals in the United Kingdom Royal Air Force Medical Services British military hospitals