The Duke of Parma and Piacenza () was the ruler of the
Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
The Duchy of Parma and Piacenza ( it, Ducato di Parma e Piacenza, la, Ducatus Parmae et Placentiae), was an Italian state created in 1545 and located in northern Italy, in the current region of Emilia-Romagna.
Originally a realm of the Farnes ...
, a
historical state of
Northern Italy
Northern Italy ( it, Italia settentrionale, it, Nord Italia, label=none, it, Alta Italia, label=none or just it, Nord, label=none) is a geographical and cultural region in the northern part of Italy. It consists of eight administrative regions ...
, which existed between 1545 and 1802, and again from 1814 to 1859.
The Duke of
Parma was also Duke of
Piacenza, except for the first years of the rule of
Ottavio Farnese
Ottavio Farnese (9 October 1524 – 18 September 1586) reigned as Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1547 until his death and Duke of Castro from 1545 to 1547 and from 1553 until his death.
Biography
Born in Valentano, Ottavio was the second ...
(1549–1556), and the time of the
Napoleonic wars, when the two were established as separate positions held by two different individuals. The Duke of Parma also usually held the title of
Duke of Guastalla from 1746 (when
Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
Francis I (Francis Stephen; french: François Étienne; german: Franz Stefan; 8 December 1708 – 18 August 1765) was Holy Roman Emperor, Archduke of Austria, Duke of Lorraine and Bar, and Grand Duke of Tuscany. He became the ruler of the Holy ...
occupied the
Duchy of Guastalla after the last
Gonzaga
Gonzaga may refer to:
Places
* Gonzaga, Lombardy, commune in the province of Mantua, Italy
* Gonzaga, Cagayan, municipality in the Philippines
*Gonzaga, Minas Gerais, town in Brazil
*Forte Gonzaga, fort in Messina, Sicily
People with the surna ...
duke died childless) until 1847 (when the territory was ceded to
Modena
Modena (, , ; egl, label=Emilian language#Dialects, Modenese, Mòdna ; ett, Mutna; la, Mutina) is a city and ''comune'' (municipality) on the south side of the Po Valley, in the Province of Modena in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern I ...
), except for the Napoleonic era, when
Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...
's sister
Pauline was briefly Duchess of Guastalla and of Varella. The last duke,
Robert I Robert I may refer to:
*Robert I, Duke of Neustria (697–748)
*Robert I of France (866–923), King of France, 922–923, rebelled against Charles the Simple
*Rollo, Duke of Normandy (c. 846 – c. 930; reigned 911–927)
* Robert I Archbishop of ...
, was driven from power in a revolution following France and
Sardinia's victory over Austria. Its territory was merged into Sardinia in 1860.
The position is currently claimed by a member of the
House of Bourbon-Parma. A recent
pretender to the extinct Parmese throne, the late
Carlos-Hugo, was also a
pretender to the Spanish throne in the 1970s (see
Carlism
Carlism ( eu, Karlismo; ca, Carlisme; ; ) is a Traditionalist and Legitimist political movement in Spain aimed at establishing an alternative branch of the Bourbon dynasty – one descended from Don Carlos, Count of Molina (1788–1855) – ...
).
Reigning Dukes of Parma and Piacenza (1545–1802)
House of Farnese 1545–1731
House of Bourbon 1731–1735
House of Habsburg 1735–1748
House of Bourbon-Parma 1748–1802
French dukedoms of Parma (1808–1814)
These did not actually rule over any territory of
Parma and
Piacenza, but were of the honorary, hereditary type ''
duché grand-fief
As Emperor of the French, Napoleon I created titles of nobility to institute a stable elite in the First French Empire, after the instability resulting from the French Revolution.
Like many others, both before and since, Napoleon found that th ...
'', granted by
Napoleon I
Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...
in 1808.
Reigning dukes of Parma (1814–1859)
House of Habsburg-Lorraine, 1814–1847
*
Napoléon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte
Napoleon II (Napoléon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte; 20 March 181122 July 1832) was disputed Emperor of the French for a few weeks in 1815. The son of Napoleon, Emperor Napoleon I and Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma, Marie Louise of Austria, ...
, the son of Marie Louise and
Napoleon I
Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...
, was at one time in the line of succession, but he was never Duke of Parma.
House of Bourbon-Parma, 1847–1859
See also
*
Pretenders to the throne of Parma This is a list of pretenders to the throne of the Duchy of Parma, which was ruled by the House of Bourbon-Parma until 1859, when the ducal family escaped after the Italian national insurrection linked to the Second Italian War of Independence
...
*
Timeline of Parma
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Parma in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy.
Prior to 18th century
* 187 BCE – Via Aemilia (road) built through Parma.
* 183 BCE – Parma becomes a Roman colony.
* 4th century CE †...
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Parma
Parma, Duke of
Parma, Duke of
Parma, Duke of
Noble titles created in 1808