, image = El príncipe Maximiliano de Sajonia (Palacio Real de Madrid).jpg , caption = Portrait by

Vicente López Portaña Vicente López Portaña, OIC (; September 19, 1772July 22, 1850) was a Spanish painter, considered one of the best portrait painters of his time. Early life Vicente López Portaña was born in Valencia on September 19, 1772. His parents wer ...

(1825) , spouse = , issue = , house = Wettin , father =

Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony Frederick Christian (german: Friedrich Christian; 5 September 1722 – 17 December 1763) was the Prince-Elector of Saxony for fewer than three months in 1763. He was a member of the House of Wettin. He was the third but eldest surviving son of ...

, mother =

Maria Antonia Walpurgis of Bavaria Maria Antonia, Princess of Bavaria, Electress of Saxony (18 July 1724 – 23 April 1780) was a German princess, composer, singer, harpsichordist and patron of the arts, known particularly for her operas: ''Il trionfo della fedeltà'' (“The ...

, birth_date = , birth_place =

Dresden Dresden (, ; Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; wen, label=Upper Sorbian, Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city, after Leipzig. It is the 12th most populous city of Germany, the fourth larg ...

, death_date = , death_place = Dresden , place of burial=

Katholische Hofkirche Dresden Cathedral, or the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Dresden, previously the Catholic Church of the Royal Court of Saxony, called in German Katholische Hofkirche and since 1980 also known as Kathedrale Sanctissimae Trinitatis, is the Catholi ...

, religion =

Roman Catholicism The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwide . It is am ...

} Prince Maximilian of Saxony (Maximilian Maria Joseph Anton Johann Baptist Johann Evangelista Ignaz Augustin Xavier Aloys Johann Nepomuk Januar Hermenegild Agnellis Paschalis; 13 April 1759 – 3 January 1838) was a German prince and a member of the

House of Wettin The House of Wettin () is a dynasty of German kings, prince-electors, dukes, and counts that once ruled territories in the present-day German states of Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia. The dynasty is one of the oldest in Europe, and its ori ...

. He was the sixth child, however third child to survive childhood, and youngest surviving son of

, and the German composer Duchess

Life

Since he was the youngest son of the family, Maximilian initially had little chance to inherit the

Electorate of Saxony The Electorate of Saxony, also known as Electoral Saxony (German: or ), was a territory of the Holy Roman Empire from 1356–1806. It was centered around the cities of Dresden, Leipzig and Chemnitz. In the Golden Bull of 1356, Emperor Charles ...

. However, by 1800, Maximilian was the third in line to the Electorate due to the children of his two eldest brothers, Frederick Augustus and

Anthony Anthony or Antony is a masculine given name, derived from the ''Antonia (gens), Antonii'', a ''gens'' (Roman naming conventions, Roman family name) to which Mark Antony (''Marcus Antonius'') belonged. According to Plutarch, the Antonii gens were ...

, died in infancy, except Maria Augusta, Frederick Augustus's only surviving offspring. After the creation of the

Kingdom of Saxony The Kingdom of Saxony (german: Königreich Sachsen), lasting from 1806 to 1918, was an independent member of a number of historical confederacies in Napoleonic through post-Napoleonic Germany. The kingdom was formed from the Electorate of Saxon ...

in 1806, Maximilian became a Prince of Saxony. After the death of Frederick Augustus in 1827, Anthony succeeded him as King. Maximilian became first in line to the Saxon throne as Hereditary Prince. However, three years later, on 1 September 1830, during the Autumn Disturbances, he renounced his rights of succession in favour of his eldest son, Frederick Augustus. He died eight years later, aged seventy-eight.

Marriages and issue

Parma Parma (; egl, Pärma, ) is a city in the northern Italian region of Emilia-Romagna known for its architecture, Giuseppe Verdi, music, art, prosciutto (ham), Parmigiano-Reggiano, cheese and surrounding countryside. With a population of 198,292 ...

on 22 April 1792, Maximilian and Princess Maria Carolina of Bourbon-Parma wed, Maria Carolina being the eldest child of

Ferdinand, Duke of Parma Ferdinand I (''Ferdinando Maria Filippo Lodovico Sebastiano Francesco Giacomo''; 20 January 1751 – 9 October 1802) was Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla from his father's death on 18 July 1765 until he ceded the duchy to France by the Trea ...

and

Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma (Maria Amalia Josepha Johanna Antonia; 26 February 1746 – 18 June 1804) was Duchess of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla by marriage to Ferdinand, Duke of Parma. She was born an archduchess of Austria as the daugh ...

of Austria, by proxy, and in person in

on 9 May 1792. Maxilimian and Carolina bore eight children: * Maria Amalia (10 August 1794 - 18 September 1870) * Maria Ferdinanda (27 April 1796 - 3 January 1865); married on 6 May 1821 to

Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany Ferdinand is a Germanic name composed of the elements "protection", "peace" (PIE "to love, to make peace") or alternatively "journey, travel", Proto-Germanic , abstract noun from root "to fare, travel" (PIE , "to lead, pass over"), and "co ...

. * Frederick Augustus II (18 May 1797 - 9 August 1854); King of Saxony, 1836. Married on 7 Oct 1819 to

Archduchess Marie Caroline of Austria , image = Peter Krafft Bildnis einer Maria Karolina.jpg , image_size = 200px , reign = , coronation = , spouse = , house = Habsburg-Lorraine , father = Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor , mother = ...

. Married secondly on 24 April 1833 to Princess Maria Anna of Bavaria * Clemens Maria Joseph (1 May 1798 - 4 January 1822) * Maria Anna (15 November 1799 - 24 March 1832); married on 16 November 1817 to

Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany Leopold II( it, Leopoldo Giovanni Giuseppe Francesco Ferdinando Carlo, german: Leopold Johann Joseph Franz Ferdinand Karl, English: ''Leopold John Joseph Francis Ferdinand Charles''. (3 October 1797 – 29 January 1870) was Grand Duke of Tusc ...

. * Johann I (12 December 1801 - 29 October 1873); King of Saxony, 1854. Married on 10 November 1822 to Princess Amalie of Bavaria. * Maria Charlotte (8 May 1802 - 20 April 1804); died in infancy due to smallpox. * Maria Josepha Amalia (6 December 1803 - 17 May 1829); married on 20 October 1819 to King

Ferdinand VII of Spain , house = Bourbon-Anjou , father = Charles IV of Spain , mother = Maria Luisa of Parma , birth_date = 14 October 1784 , birth_place = El Escorial, Spain , death_date = , death_place = Madrid, Spain , burial_plac ...

. In

Lucca Lucca ( , ) is a city and ''comune'' in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the Serchio River, in a fertile plain near the Ligurian Sea. The city has a population of about 89,000, while its province has a population of 383,957. Lucca is known as one o ...

on 15 October 1825 Maximilian married Maria Luisa Carlotta of Parma, daughter of King

Louis of Etruria es, Luis Francisco Filiberto de Borbón-Parma y Austria en, Louis Francis Philibert of Bourbon-Parma , image =Luis de Etruria.jpg , caption =Portrait by Goya, 1800 , succession = King of Etruria , reign = 21 March 1 ...

and niece of his first wife Carolina, by proxy, and the two wed in person in

on 7 November 1825. She was forty-three years younger than her husband; they had no children.

Honours

* : Knight of the Order of the White Eagle, ''1762'' * : ** Knight of the

Order of the Golden Fleece The Distinguished Order of the Golden Fleece ( es, Insigne Orden del Toisón de Oro, german: Orden vom Goldenen Vlies) is a Catholic order of chivalry founded in Bruges by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, in 1430, to celebrate his marriage ...

, ''16 March 1792'' ** Grand Cross of the

Order of Charles III The Royal and Distinguished Spanish Order of Charles III, originally Royal and Much Distinguished Order of Charles III ( es, Real y Distinguida Orden Española de Carlos III, originally es, Real y Muy Distinguida Orden de Carlos III) was establ ...

, ''10 December 1824'' * French Empire: Grand Eagle of the

Legion of Honour The National Order of the Legion of Honour (french: Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), formerly the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour ('), is the highest French order of merit, both military and civil. Established in 1802 by Napoleon, ...

, ''1807/08'' * : ** Knight of the

Order of the Rue Crown The Order of the Rue Crown (german: Hausorden der Rautenkrone) or Order of the Crown of Saxony was a dynastic order of knighthood of the Kingdom of Saxony. The order takes its name from the green floral crown of rue (''crancelin'') found in the c ...

, ''1807'' ** Grand Cross of the Civil Merit Order, ''1815'' * : Knight of the

Order of St. Hubert The Royal Order of Saint Hubert (german: Sankt Hubertus Königlicher Orden), or sometimes (german: Königlicher Orden des Heiligen Hubertus) is a Roman Catholic dynastic order of knighthood founded in 1444 or 1445 by Gerhard VII, Duke of Jülic ...

, ''1808'' *

Kingdom of Portugal The Kingdom of Portugal ( la, Regnum Portugalliae, pt, Reino de Portugal) was a monarchy in the western Iberian Peninsula and the predecessor of the modern Portuguese Republic. Existing to various extents between 1139 and 1910, it was also kno ...

: Grand Cross of the

Sash of the Two Orders The Sash of the Two Orders ( pt, Banda das Duas Ordens, or ''Banda da Grã-Cruz das Duas Ordens'') was a Portuguese decoration that combined the Grand Crosses of the Military Orders of Christ and Aviz. History The decoration was first establi ...

(

Christ Jesus, likely from he, יֵשׁוּעַ, translit=Yēšūaʿ, label=Hebrew/Aramaic ( AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ or Jesus of Nazareth (among other Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament, names and titles), was ...

and St. James), ''1825'' * : Grand Cross of the Order of St. Ferdinand and Merit *

Grand Duchy of Tuscany The Grand Duchy of Tuscany ( it, Granducato di Toscana; la, Magnus Ducatus Etruriae) was an Italian monarchy that existed, with interruptions, from 1569 to 1859, replacing the Republic of Florence. The grand duchy's capital was Florence. In th ...

: Grand Cross of the Order of St. Joseph

Ancestry

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Maximilian Of Saxony, Hereditary Prince 1759 births 1838 deaths House of Wettin Saxon princes Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain 2 2 Burials at Dresden Cathedral Nobility from Dresden German Roman Catholics Albertine branch Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)