''Primula austrofrigida'',

syn. The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. * In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linnae ...

''Dodecatheon austrofrigidum'', is a species of flowering plant in the primrose family known by the common names frigid shooting star and tundra shooting star. It is native to

Washington Washington commonly refers to: * Washington (state), United States * Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States ** A metonym for the federal government of the United States ** Washington metropolitan area, the metropolitan area centered on ...

and

Oregon Oregon () is a U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest region of the Western United States. The Columbia River delineates much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington (state), Washington, while the Snake River delineates much of it ...

in the United States, where it grows in the coastal mountain ranges, including those on the

Olympic Peninsula The Olympic Peninsula is a large arm of land in western Washington that lies across Puget Sound from Seattle, and contains Olympic National Park. It is bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean, the north by the Strait of Juan de Fuca, and the ...

.''Dodecatheon austrofrigidum''.
Center for Plant Conservation. This plant has a basal clump of leaves with dimensions up to and smooth to wavy or somewhat toothed edges. The

inflorescence An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Morphologically, it is the modified part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed o ...

is borne on a flowering stalk up to tall. It has one to seven flowers with magenta corolla lobes up to long or more which are reflexed away from the flower center. The

stamen The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filame ...

s are maroon or purple and form a protruding tube. This plant grows on rocky slopes on river banks and other seasonally moist, rocky areas. It may grow with various

moss Mosses are small, non-vascular flowerless plants in the taxonomic division Bryophyta (, ) '' sensu stricto''. Bryophyta (''sensu lato'', Schimp. 1879) may also refer to the parent group bryophytes, which comprise liverworts, mosses, and hor ...

es that form a substrate that it can root in. Associated plants include '' Alnus rubra'', ''

Filipendula occidentalis ''Filipendula'' is a genus of 12 species of perennial herbaceous flowering plants in the family Rosaceae, native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Well-known species include meadowsweet (''Filipendula ulmaria'') and dropwort ( ...

'', '' Rubus parviflorus'', '' Rubus spectabilis'', '' Saxifraga occidentalis'', '' Saxifraga nuttallii'', ''

Saxifraga mertensiana ''Saxifraga mertensiana'', the wood saxifrage or Mertens' saxifrage, is a species of plant in the Saxifragaceae Saxifragaceae is a family of herbaceous perennial flowering plants, within the core eudicot order Saxifragales. The taxonomy of t ...

'', and ''

Mimulus guttatus ''Erythranthe guttata'', with the common names seep monkeyflower and common yellow monkeyflower, is a yellow bee-pollinated annual or perennial plant. It was formerly known as ''Mimulus guttatus''. ''Erythranthe guttata'' is a model organism f ...

'', though it often grows on slopes with few other plants around. At higher elevations the plant occupies grassy turf. The soil is thin. The plant has also been found growing in substrates of decomposing wood. Associated species at higher elevations include '' Abies amabilis'', ''

Tsuga heterophylla ''Tsuga heterophylla'', the western hemlock or western hemlock-spruce, is a species of hemlock native to the west coast of North America, with its northwestern limit on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, and its southeastern limit in northern Sonoma ...

'', '' Cladothamnus'' sp., and '' Synthyris schizantha''. This plant is known to occur at only about eight locations. Populations are small and scattered. Threats include increased flooding caused by

grazing In agriculture, grazing is a method of animal husbandry whereby domestic livestock are allowed outdoors to roam around and consume wild vegetations in order to convert the otherwise indigestible (by human gut) cellulose within grass and other ...

and

logging Logging is the process of cutting, processing, and moving trees to a location for transport. It may include skidding, on-site processing, and loading of trees or logs onto trucks or skeleton cars. Logging is the beginning of a supply chain ...

upstream. The status of the rivers next to populations affects population size; the plant numbers may decrease during flood conditions and then increase the following year.

References

External links

USDA Plants Profile for ''Dodecatheon austrofrigidum''Washington Burke Museum: ''Dodecatheon austrofrigidum''
{{Taxonbar, from1=Q21300450, from2=Q5287814 austrofrigida Endemic flora of the United States Flora of Oregon Flora of Washington (state) Plants described in 2006 Endangered flora of the United States