Preston County, West Virginia

Preston County is a county located in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 34,216. Its county seat is Kingwood. The county was formed from Monongalia County in 1818 and named for Virginia Governor James Patton Preston.

Preston County is part of the Morgantown, WV Metropolitan Statistical Area, and is the southernmost county of the Pittsburgh media market. It is the home of The Buckwheat Festival, a county fair known for making buckwheat pancakes.

History

Native Americans lived in and traveled through what became Preston County as they crossed from the Ohio River watershed (which drains into the Mississippi River), into the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Although white traders and explorers also lived in the county after 1736, and one boundary stone (the Fairfax Stone marking the limits of the North Branch of the River) was laid in 1746, white settlers began arriving in 1766. Traveling by foot or horseback, settlers established log cabins after the American Revolutionary War. Further development ensued after 1818, when the National Road was built slightly to the north. When the earliest railroads came in 1851, all land passed into private ownership, population increased 70% in a decade, and industrialization began.

During the American Civil War, more Preston County men enlisted in Union service than with the Confederacy. There were few slave-holders in Preston County, and relatively few slaves, almost none outside a half-hour walk from the Clarksburg to Winchester road that dated back to the late colonial era. The census indicates that slavery's high-water mark in Preston County occurred in 1830, when the county included 125 slaves, alongside 27 free colored persons.

On June 20, 1863, Preston was one of fifty Virginia counties that were admitted to the Union as the state of West Virginia. Later that year, the counties were divided into civil townships, with the intention of encouraging local government. This proved impractical in the heavily rural state, and in 1872 the townships were converted into magisterial districts. Preston County was divided into eight districts: Grant, Kingwood, Lyon, Pleasant, Portland, Reno, Union, and Valley. These remained largely unchanged until the 1990s, when they were consolidated into five new magisterial districts: First, Second, Third, Fourth, and Fifth.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.4%) is water.

In West Virginia's coldest month of January 1977, Terra Alta in Preston County saw a statewide record snowfall of .West Virginia encyclopedia
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Major highways

* Interstate 68
* U.S. Highway 50
* U.S. Route 219
* West Virginia Route 7
* West Virginia Route 24
* West Virginia Route 26
* West Virginia Route 72
* West Virginia Route 92

Adjacent counties

* Fayette County, Pennsylvania (north)
*Garrett County, Maryland (east)
* Tucker County (south)
* Barbour County (southwest)
* Taylor County (west)
* Monongalia County (northwest)
* Grant County (southeast)

National protected area

* Monongahela National Forest (part)

State parks

* Cathedral State Park (also a Registered National Natural Landmark)
* Fairfax Stone State Park

Demographics

2010 census

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 33,520 people, 12,895 households, and 9,038 families residing in the county. The population density was . There were 15,097 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 97.6% white, 1.1% black or African American, 0.2% American Indian, 0.1% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 0.8% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 0.7% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 29.4% were German, 14.3% were Irish, 9.5% were American, and 8.9% were English.

Of the 12,895 households, 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.1% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 29.9% were non-families, and 24.6% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.84. The median age was 42.0 years.

The age distribution was 19.55% under the age of 18, 7.36% from 18 to 24, 27.58% from 25 to 44, 29.83% from 45 to 64, and 15.68% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.63 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.48 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $40,753 and the median income for a family was $46,622. Males had a median income of $38,713 versus $25,808 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,329. About 10.1% of families and 13.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.0% of those under age 18 and 9.9% of those age 65 or over.

Politics

Whereas most of West Virginia has become a Republican bastion in the 21st century after having leaned heavily Democratic between the New Deal and Bill Clinton, Preston County has always been a Republican stronghold, if not quite so rock-ribbed as neighboring Grant County or Garrett County, Maryland. Those two counties have ''never'' voted for a Democrat since being created after the Civil War, whereas Preston County has voted Democratic on one occasion since then, during Lyndon Johnson’s 1964 landslide – although Johnson’s win over Barry Goldwater was much more decisive than his narrow victory in analogous Upshur County, and Bill Clinton came within 20 votes in 1996.

Communities

City

* Kingwood

Towns

*Albright
* Brandonville
* Bruceton Mills
* Masontown
* Newburg
* Reedsville
*Rowlesburg
* Terra Alta, West Virginia
* Tunnelton

Magisterial districts

Current

*First
*Second
*Third
*Fourth
*Fifth

Historic

*Grant
*Kingwood
*Lyon
*Pleasant
*Portland
*Reno
*Union
*Valley

Census-designated place

* Aurora

Unincorporated communities

* Afton
* Alpine Lake
*Amboy
* Arthurdale
* Austen
* Borgman
* Bretz
* Bull Run
*Cascade
* Clifton Mills
* Colebank
* Corinth
* Cuzzart
* Denver
* Eglon
* Etam
* Evansville
* Fellowsville
* Gladefarms
*Hardman (partial)
* Hazelton
*Herring
* Hopemont
* Hopewell
* Horse Shoe Run
* Howesville
* Independence
*Lenox
* Little Sandy
* Manheim
* Macomber
* Manown
*Marquess
* Mount Olivet
* Mount Vernon
* Orr
* Pisgah
* Pleasantdale
*Preston
* Rockville
* Rodemer
* Rohr
* Ruthbelle
* Saint Joe
* Scotch Hill
*Sell
*Silver Lake
* Sinclair
*Snider
* Stevensburg
* Sugar Valley
* Threefork Bridge
* Turner Douglass
* Valley Point
* Victoria
* West End
* White Oak Springs
* Zevely

See also

* Briery Mountain Wildlife Management Area
*National Register of Historic Places listings in Preston County, West Virginia
*''Maryland v. West Virginia''
*Snake Hill Wildlife Management Area
* Upper Deckers Creek Wildlife Management Area

References

Further reading

* Cox, Connie Loraine, ''Our Place In History: Southwestern Preston County, West Virginia'', Headline Books, Terra Alta, WV, 2005. (Written and oral histories, photographs)

External links

Preston County Commission

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1818 establishments in Virginia
Counties of Appalachia
Morgantown metropolitan area
Populated places established in 1818
Northwestern Turnpike
West Virginia counties on the Potomac River