The Presidential Security Force of

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

( id, Pasukan Pengamanan Presiden abbreviated "Paspampres") is one of the Central Executive Agencies () of the

Indonesian National Armed Forces , founded = as the ('People's Security Forces') , current_form = , disbanded = , branches = , headquarters = Cilangkap, Jakarta , website = , commander-in-chief = Joko Widodo , ...

responsible for proximate security and escort towards the

head of state A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially embodies a state Foakes, pp. 110–11 " he head of statebeing an embodiment of the State itself or representatitve of its international persona." in its unity and l ...

and

VVIP A very important person or personage (VIP or V.I.P.) is a person who is accorded special privileges due to their high social status, influence or importance. The term was not common until sometime after World War 2 by RAF pilots. Examples incl ...

, which includes the

President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...

Vice President A vice president, also director in British English, is an officer in government or business who is below the president (chief executive officer) in rank. It can also refer to executive vice presidents, signifying that the vice president is on t ...

with their immediate families, former Presidents and Vice Presidents, and visiting foreign

heads of state A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially embodies a state Foakes, pp. 110–11 "he head of statebeing an embodiment of the State itself or representatitve of its international persona." in its unity and le ...

. Paspampres is based in

Jakarta Jakarta (; , bew, Jakarte), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta ( id, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta) is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Lying on the northwest coast of Java, the world's most populous island, Jakarta ...

,Combat Handgun, October 2008. Pages 72-74. and its personnel are drawn from deputized best-chosen

officers An officer is a person who has a position of authority in a hierarchical organization. The term derives from Old French ''oficier'' "officer, official" (early 14c., Modern French ''officier''), from Medieval Latin ''officiarius'' "an officer," f ...

, soldiers, seamen, marines, and airmen from special forces and/or special units within the

(TNI) (and until 2000, from the

Indonesian National Police '' , mottotranslated = (Serving the Nation) , formed = , preceding1 = , dissolved = , superseding = , employees = 440,000 (2020) , volunteers = , budget = , nongovernment ...

). It is commanded by a two-star

military A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct ...

general A general officer is an Officer (armed forces), officer of highest military ranks, high rank in the army, armies, and in some nations' air forces, space forces, and marines or naval infantry. In some usages the term "general officer" refers t ...

History

The formation date of the Presidential Security Force (Paspampres) is based on the operation to evacuate President

Sukarno Sukarno). (; born Koesno Sosrodihardjo, ; 6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was an Indonesian statesman, orator, revolutionary, and nationalist who was the first president of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967. Sukarno was the leader of ...

, Vice President

Mohammad Hatta Mohammad Hatta (; 12 August 1902 – 14 March 1980) was an Indonesian statesman and nationalist who served as the country's first vice president. Known as "The Proclamator", he and a number of Indonesians, including the first president of Indone ...

, Prime Minister

Sutan Syahrir Sutan Sjahrir (5 March 1909 – 9 April 1966) was an Indonesian politician, and revolutionary independence leader, who served as the first Prime Minister of Indonesia, from 1945 until 1947. Previously, he was a key Indonesian nationalist organiz ...

as well as several ministers and high-ranking government officials from

Yogyakarta Yogyakarta (; jv, ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ ; pey, Jogjakarta) is the capital city of Special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia, in the south-central part of the island of Java. As the only Indonesian royal city still ruled by a monarchy, ...

on 3 January 1946, This operation was based on the safety concerns of the President and VIPs about the allied forces intimidation in Jakarta. The rescue operation was conducted using the a code-name for the special Presidential

train In rail transport, a train (from Old French , from Latin , "to pull, to draw") is a series of connected vehicles that run along a railway track and Passenger train, transport people or Rail freight transport, freight. Trains are typically pul ...

. This date is commemorated as or Paspampres Service Day. The formation of a formal force dedicated to protecting the Indonesian president only came after several

assassination Assassination is the murder of a prominent or important person, such as a head of state, head of government, politician, world leader, member of a royal family or CEO. The murder of a celebrity, activist, or artist, though they may not have ...

attempts on President Sukarno. On 6 June 1962 a special regiment known as the

Tjakrabirawa Regiment The Tjakrabirawa Regiment was the presidential bodyguard unit of the former Indonesian President Sukarno. It was disbanded in 1966 because of its involvement in the coup attempt of the 30 September Movement. History The Tjakrabirawa Regiment w ...

, was formed to protect the president and his family. June 6 was also the birthday of President Sukarno. consisted of personnel from the army, navy, air force and police. In 1966, it was dissolved due its taking part in an army-led abortive coup d'état in 1965. The 1st Battalion's commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel

Untung Syamsuri Lieutenant Colonel Untung bin Syamsuri (Sruni, Kebumen, Central Java, 3 July 1926Army Judiciary Education Center (1966) p. 3 – September 1967Hughes (2002) p. 205) was one of the leaders of the 1965 coup attempt in Indonesia known as the 30 Sept ...

, led the coup attempt and its members carried out the kidnappings of army generals who were later murdered. The protection of the president was then entrusted to a Army Military Police Task Force (Satgas POMAD) in 1966. A new presidential protection force named (an abbreviation of or "Presidential Escort Force") was formed on the 13 January 1976, under the command of the

Minister of Defence A defence minister or minister of defence is a Cabinet (government), cabinet official position in charge of a ministry of defense, which regulates the armed forces in sovereign states. The role of a defence minister varies considerably from coun ...

and Commander of the Armed Forces. This force was renamed in 1988 becoming the current Paspampres. Today, Paspampres has strength of about 2,500 personnel and is headed by a two-star

admiral Admiral is one of the highest ranks in some navies. In the Commonwealth nations and the United States, a "full" admiral is equivalent to a "full" general in the army or the air force, and is above vice admiral and below admiral of the fleet, ...

marshal Marshal is a term used in several official titles in various branches of society. As marshals became trusted members of the courts of Medieval Europe, the title grew in reputation. During the last few centuries, it has been used for elevated o ...

from the TNI.

Responsibility and tasks

Responsibility

According to Indonesian Government Regulation No. 59/2013, the Presidential Security Force (Paspampres) is responsible for the physical security at close range at all times of: *president and vice-president along with their immediate families, *former presidents and vice-presidents, *foreign

/heads of government visiting Indonesia Other than those main duties, Paspampres is also tasked with state-protocol duties to support the main tasks of the

. Specific security duties for VVIPs as specified in article 3 of the Government Regulation No. 59/2013, include: #Personal security; #Installation security; #Activity security; #Rescue security; #Food safety; #Medical security; #News security; and #Escort

Tasks

Currently, the main tasks of the Paspampres are to: # provide protection for VVIPs and to ensure the safety of

s from any immediate danger, # Secure installations which include security personnel, material, and all facilities used by the VVIP, # perform emergency rescue of VVIPs, # provide direct protection at close quarters from all forms of threats to VVIPs while traveling, # ensure the safety of food and medically-related materials consumed by VVIPs, # provide honour guards and the Presidential Band during

state visit A state visit is a formal visit by a head of state to a foreign country, at the invitation of the head of state of that foreign country, with the latter also acting as the official host for the duration of the state visit. Speaking for the host ...

s and other state occasions if required

Organisation

The organisation of Paspampres are as follows: *Leadership element, consist of the Commandant and Deputy Commandant *Leadership assistance element, consist of Inspectorate, Planning Staff, Intelligence Staff, Operations Staff, Personnel Staff and Logistics Staff. *Service staff element, consist of Chief of Staff, Secretariat and Headquarters Detachment. *Executive element agencies, consisting of several operational detachments and a separate

armoured Armour (British English) or armor (American English; see spelling differences) is a covering used to protect an object, individual, or vehicle from physical injury or damage, especially direct contact weapons or projectiles during combat, or f ...

detachment ( abbreviated "Dronkavser") equipped with APCs **The Special Security Detachment performs daily duties, such as close protection towards the President, Vice President with their immediate families. The Special Security Detachment consists of: ***Commando Group ( - "Pokko"), each commanded by a

Colonel Colonel (abbreviated as Col., Col or COL) is a senior military officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, a colonel was typically in charge of ...

. ****GROUP A, consisting of 4 Detachments, conducts close-range physical security towards the

with their immediate family. ****GROUP B, consisting of 4 Detachments, conducts close-range physical security towards the

with their immediate family. ****GROUP C, in charge of close-range physical security towards visiting

s during their visit to Indonesia. According to article 22 of the Government Regulation No. 59/2013, visiting foreign VVIPS includes the President, King, Emperor, Queen, His Highness, Pope, Governor-General, Vice President, Prime Minister, Chancellor, and Secretary-General of the United Nations. This unit also consists of 1 training detachment in charge of training and fostering the ability of Paspampres personnel. ****GROUP D, consisting of 4 Detachments carrying out close physical security towards former Presidents and Vice Presidents with their immediate families ***Private Escort Company ***Special Security Company ***Debarment Platoon **The State Protocol Escort Battalion ( abbreviated "") is tasked for escort and ceremonial duties such as

Honour guard A guard of honour ( GB), also honor guard ( US), also ceremonial guard, is a group of people, usually military in nature, appointed to receive or guard a head of state or other dignitaries, the fallen in war, or to attend at state ceremonials, ...

duties,

Public duties Public duties are performed by military personnel, and usually have a ceremonial or historic significance rather than an overtly operational role. Armenia Since September 2018, the Honour Guard Battalion of the Ministry of Defense of Armenia has ...

, and

Guard mounting Guard mounting, changing the guard, or the changing of the guard, is a formal ceremony in which sentries performing ceremonial guard duties at important institutions are relieved by a new batch of sentries. The ceremonies are often elaborate an ...

. It has more than 400 guardsmen and detachments from this unit are assigned operationally to the four close-protection Groups mentioned above (Group A-D). This battalion is also responsible for the external security of the national official residences. Yonwalprotneg paspampres bendera

Reporting sub-units

* Presidential Band * Group A Presidential Honor Guard Battalion * Group B Vice Presidential Honor Guard Battalion * Protocol and Honor Guard Battalion

Bogor Palace The Bogor Palace (; ) is one of six presidential palaces of Indonesia, it is located in the city of Bogor, West Java. The palace is noted for its distinctive architectural and historical features, as well as the adjoining botanical gardens. Istan ...

* Protocol and Honor Guard Battalion National Palaces of Jakarta (

Independence Independence is a condition of a person, nation, country, or state in which residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over its territory. The opposite of independence is the statu ...

and State Palace) * Horse Guards Troop and State Coach Troop (raised 2015) * State Lancer Guard Troop (raised 2016) * National Color Guard Company (raised 2016, reports to HQ)

Ceremonial duties

Guard of Honor

The Paspampres as a special joint-service command of the TNI, other than responsible for guarding and escorting the President, Vice President and VVIPs, are also responsible to carry out state-

protocol Protocol may refer to: Sociology and politics * Protocol (politics), a formal agreement between nation states * Protocol (diplomacy), the etiquette of diplomacy and affairs of state * Etiquette, a code of personal behavior Science and technolog ...

duties during official ceremonies such as becoming the Honour Guard during a

and also carrying out

public duties Public duties are performed by military personnel, and usually have a ceremonial or historic significance rather than an overtly operational role. Armenia Since September 2018, the Honour Guard Battalion of the Ministry of Defense of Armenia has ...

, quarter guard and guard mounting duties for the national official residences. These ceremonial duties of Paspampres are assigned towards personnel of the "State Protocol Escort Battalion" ( abbreviated "Yonwalprotneg"), a detachment of the Paspampres consisting of chosen Military policemen from the Military Police Corps of Indonesia. This detachment is also tasked to become the Cordon Guard during the arrival ceremony at the

airport apron The airport apron, apron, flight line, ramp, or tarmac is the area of an airport where aircraft are parked, unloaded or loaded, refueled, boarded, or maintained. Although the use of the apron is covered by regulations, such as lighting on vehic ...

during a state visit and also becomes the main Honour guard during a

and

state funeral A state funeral is a public funeral ceremony, observing the strict rules of Etiquette, protocol, held to honour people of national significance. State funerals usually include much pomp and ceremony as well as religious overtones and distinctive ...

. 4 SPEB's are active, each corresponding to the four regiments of the force, with two assigned as guards of honor for public duties.

Uniform

The uniform worn by the Paspampres Honour guard is a

red Red is the color at the long wavelength end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet. It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–740 nanometres. It is a primary color in the RGB color model and a secondar ...

full dress uniform Full dress uniform, also known as a ceremonial dress uniform or parade dress uniform, is the most formal type of uniforms used by military, police, fire and other public uniformed services for official parades, ceremonies, and receptions, ...

with a white buff belt worn on the upper waist, white trousers with white parade boots and a black

shako A shako (, , or ) is a tall, cylindrical military cap, usually with a visor, and sometimes tapered at the top. It is usually adorned with an ornamental plate or badge on the front, metallic or otherwise; and often has a feather, plume (see hackle) ...

with white pompom as the headdress. During certain ceremonies such as a

or changing of the guard ceremony, a light blue beret is worn instead for the headdress. At night, a black trouser is worn instead as a mess dress. If on vehicle escort, personnel wear civilian business dress.

Presidential band

The Paspampres presidential band is a

military band A military band is a group of personnel that performs musical duties for military functions, usually for the armed forces. A typical military band consists mostly of wind and percussion instruments. The conductor of a band commonly bears the tit ...

tasked for playing the

national anthem A national anthem is a patriotic musical composition symbolizing and evoking eulogies of the history and traditions of a country or nation. The majority of national anthems are marches or hymns in style. American, Central Asian, and European n ...

s during a

State visit A state visit is a formal visit by a head of state to a foreign country, at the invitation of the head of state of that foreign country, with the latter also acting as the official host for the duration of the state visit. Speaking for the host ...

ceremony and performs music accompaniment during state-level receptions or

banquets A banquet (; ) is a formal large meal where a number of people consume food together. Banquets are traditionally held to enhance the prestige of a host, or reinforce social bonds among joint contributors. Modern examples of these purposes i ...

in the palaces and other official locations when the head of state is present.

Recruitment

Paspampres personnel are recruited and selected from the

(Army, Navy (including Marines), and Air Force). They are selected from special forces and special units within the Armed Forces, such as from

Kopassus The Kopassus ( id, Komando Pasukan Khusus, Special Forces Command) is an Indonesian Army (TNI-AD) special forces group that conducts special operations missions for the Indonesian government, such as direct action, unconventional warfare, sa ...

Kostrad The Army Strategic Reserves Command ( id, Komando Cadangan Strategis Angkatan Darat; abbreviated ) is a combined-arms formation of the Indonesian Army. Kostrad is a Corps level command which has up to 35,000 troops. It also supervises operati ...

, Raider Infantry Battalions (Airborne soldiers),

Paskhas The Kopasgat ( id, Komando Pasukan Gerak Cepat, Quick Reaction Forces Command) is the air force infantry and special forces corps of the Indonesian Air Force. The corps is also known as the Orange Berets ( in Indonesian) from the colour of the ...

, Kopaska,

Denjaka Denjaka (abbreviation from ''Detasemen Jala Mangkara''; Jala Mangkara Detachment) is a counter-terrorism special operations force of the Indonesian Navy. It is a combined detachment formed from selected personnel of the Navy's frogmen unit ( KOP ...

Taifib Taifib ( id, Batalyon Intai Amfibi) is an elite recon unit within the Indonesian Marine Corps which is tasked for conducting amphibious reconnaissance and special reconnaissance. It is operationally similar to the Combat Reconnaissance Platoon ...

and

Marines Marines, or naval infantry, are typically a military force trained to operate in littoral zones in support of naval operations. Historically, tasks undertaken by marines have included helping maintain discipline and order aboard the ship (refle ...

, as well as military policemen which are then tasked for escort and

. Each individual (men) has to be more than 175 cm tall and minimal 180 cm tall for

close protection A bodyguard (or close protection officer/operative) is a type of security guard, government law enforcement officer, or servicemember who protects a person or a group of people — usually witnesses, high-ranking public officials or officers, ...

agents, each of them gets rigorous military training (sharp shooting, tactical combat, diving) and special

martial art Martial arts are codified systems and traditions of combat practiced for a number of reasons such as self-defense; military and law enforcement applications; competition; physical, mental, and spiritual development; entertainment; and the preserv ...

s training, such as Yong Moodo, Pencak Silat,

Tarung Derajat Tarung Derajat is a full body contact hybrid martial art from Indonesia, created by Haji Achmad Dradjat. He developed the techniques through his experience as a street fighter during the 1960s in Bandung. Tarung Derajat is officially recognized as ...

Mixed Martial Arts Mixed martial arts (MMA), sometimes referred to as cage fighting, no holds barred (NHB), and ultimate fighting, and originally referred to as Vale Tudo is a full-contact combat sport based on striking, grappling and ground fighting, inc ...

, and

Aikido Aikido ( , , , ) is a modern Japanese martial art that is split into many different styles, including Iwama Ryu, Iwama Shin Shin Aiki Shuren Kai, Shodokan Aikido, Yoshinkan, Renshinkai, Aikikai and Ki Aikido. Aikido is now practiced in around 1 ...

. All Paspampres personnel are required to be proficient in at least in one of the martial arts, and it was proven by becoming second winners in the World Yong Moodo (Korean martial arts) Championship 2013. Paspampres personnel must carry out their duties with a high level of vigilance against any possible threat and are prepared to sacrifice their own life if required for the President, Vice President, and VVIP.

Equipments

Weaponry

Some of the weapons used by Paspampres:

Vehicles

Apart from the official presidential cars which are a number of Mercedez-Benz S600 Guard limousines, the Paspampres also operate other tactical vehicles, such as:

References

External links

Official WebsitePaspampres video 1Paspampres video 2Paspampres video 3The State Protocol Escort Battalion (Yonwalprotneg) of PaspampresPaspampres shooting exercise
{{Authority control Military units and formations of Indonesia Special forces of Indonesia Protective security units Guards of honour Bodyguards Military units and formations established in 1946